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Prof. Claudio Robazza
BIND-Behavioral Imaging and Neural Dynamics Center; Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences - "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara

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0 Motor Learning
0 Performance Appraisal
0 Performance
0 emotion
0 sport and exercise sciences

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emotion
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sport and exercise sciences

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Correction
Published: 23 June 2021 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Note: In lieu of an abstract, this is an excerpt from the first page. In the original article

ACS Style

Montse C. Ruiz; Paul R. Appleton; Joan L. Duda; Laura Bortoli; Claudio Robazza. Correction: Ruiz et al. Social Environmental Antecedents of Athletes’ Emotions. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 4997. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 6756 .

AMA Style

Montse C. Ruiz, Paul R. Appleton, Joan L. Duda, Laura Bortoli, Claudio Robazza. Correction: Ruiz et al. Social Environmental Antecedents of Athletes’ Emotions. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 4997. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (13):6756.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Montse C. Ruiz; Paul R. Appleton; Joan L. Duda; Laura Bortoli; Claudio Robazza. 2021. "Correction: Ruiz et al. Social Environmental Antecedents of Athletes’ Emotions. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 4997." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 13: 6756.

Journal article
Published: 08 May 2021 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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The coach-created motivational climate influences variations in athletes’ motivation and emotional experiences. The present study aimed to examine social environmental antecedents of athletes’ emotions. Participants (N = 262, 52% female, M age = 22.75 ± 6.92) completed questionnaires assessing perceptions of coach-created motivational climates, goal orientations, motivation regulations, and emotions. The mediation effects of goal orientations (i.e., task/ego) and motivation regulations (i.e., autonomous/controlled) on the relationship between motivational climate (i.e., empowering/disempowering) and emotions (i.e., happiness, excitement, anxiety, dejection, and anger) were examined. Structural equation modeling revealed positive direct effects of perceptions of an empowering motivational climate on happiness. Indirect effects of empowering climate to happiness and excitement via task orientation and autonomous motivation emerged. Perceptions of a disempowering climate positively predicted anxiety, dejection, and anger via ego orientation and controlled motivation. Overall, the findings have implications for coach education as they highlight the importance of creating more empowering environments and avoiding or reducing social comparisons.

ACS Style

Montse Ruiz; Paul Appleton; Joan Duda; Laura Bortoli; Claudio Robazza. Social Environmental Antecedents of Athletes’ Emotions. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 4997 .

AMA Style

Montse Ruiz, Paul Appleton, Joan Duda, Laura Bortoli, Claudio Robazza. Social Environmental Antecedents of Athletes’ Emotions. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (9):4997.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Montse Ruiz; Paul Appleton; Joan Duda; Laura Bortoli; Claudio Robazza. 2021. "Social Environmental Antecedents of Athletes’ Emotions." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 9: 4997.

Journal article
Published: 05 May 2021 in Psychology of Sport and Exercise
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To develop and validate the Psychobiosocial Experience Semantic Differential scale in sport (PESD-Sport), a new measure to assess discrete emotions and performance-related experiences in sport as conceptualized within the individual zones of optimal functioning (IZOF; Hanin, 2000, 2007, 2010) framework. In Study 1, we developed a preliminary 53-item version of the scale using a semantic differential format in the construction of the items pertaining to 12 psychobiosocial modalities. We chose this format to attain a clear representation of psychobiosocial states between opposites along perceived performance functionality (i.e., functional, dysfunctional). The preliminary scale was then administered in a sample of 280 athletes. In Study 2, a 30-item scale derived from Study 1 was cross validated in a second independent sample of 302 athletes. Findings from Study 1 provided preliminary evidence of factorial and construct validity for a 10-modality, 30-item model (3 items for each modality). Findings from Study 2 supported the factor structure of a model containing 30 items loading into 10 modalities (i.e., unpleasant/pleasant emotions, confidence, anxiety, assertiveness, cognitive, bodily-somatic, motor-behavioral, operational, communicative, and social support). Convergent, discriminant, and nomological validity of the PESD-Sport was also demonstrated. Based on a substantive theoretical framework, this new measure of discrete emotions and performance-related experiences can advance the knowledge on the relationship between psychobiosocial states and performance. The scale could also inform applied interventions aimed at improving psychobiosocial experiences for performance enhancement.

ACS Style

Claudio Robazza; Montse C. Ruiz; Laura Bortoli. Psychobiosocial experiences in sport: Development and initial validation of a semantic differential scale. Psychology of Sport and Exercise 2021, 55, 101963 .

AMA Style

Claudio Robazza, Montse C. Ruiz, Laura Bortoli. Psychobiosocial experiences in sport: Development and initial validation of a semantic differential scale. Psychology of Sport and Exercise. 2021; 55 ():101963.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Claudio Robazza; Montse C. Ruiz; Laura Bortoli. 2021. "Psychobiosocial experiences in sport: Development and initial validation of a semantic differential scale." Psychology of Sport and Exercise 55, no. : 101963.

Review
Published: 22 December 2020 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Lack of physical activity is a global public health problem causing not only morbidity and premature mortality, but it is also a major economic burden worldwide. One of the cornerstones of a physically active lifestyle is Motor Competence (MC). MC is a complex biocultural attribute and therefore, its study requires a multi-sectoral, multi-, inter- and transdisciplinary approach. MC is a growing area of research, especially in children and adolescents due to its positive association with a plethora of health and developmental outcomes. Many questions, however, remain to be answered in this field of research, with regard to: (i) Health and Developmental-related Associations of MC; (ii) Assessment of MC; (iii) Prevalence and Trends of MC; (iv) Correlates and Determinants of MC; (v) MC Interventions, and (vi) Translating MC Research into Practice and Policy. This paper presents a narrative review of the literature, summarizing current knowledge, identifying key research gaps and presenting questions for future investigation on MC in children and adolescents. This is a collaborative effort from the International Motor Competence Network (IMCNetwork) a network of academics and researchers aiming to promote international collaborative research and knowledge translation in the expansive field of MC. The knowledge and deliverables generated by addressing and answering the aforementioned research questions on MC presented in this review have the potential to shape the ways in which researchers and practitioners promote MC and physical activity in children and adolescents across the world.

ACS Style

Luís Lopes; Rute Santos; Manuel Coelho-E-Silva; Catherine Draper; Jorge Mota; Boris Jidovtseff; Cain Clark; Mirko Schmidt; Philip Morgan; Michael Duncan; Wesley O’Brien; Peter Bentsen; Eva D’Hondt; Suzanne Houwen; Garret Stratton; Kristine De Martelaer; Claude Scheuer; Christian Herrmann; António García-Hermoso; Robinson Ramírez-Vélez; António Palmeira; Erin Gerlach; Rafaela Rosário; Johann Issartel; Irene Esteban-Cornejo; Jonatan Ruiz; Sanne Veldman; Zhiguang Zhang; Dario Colella; Susana Póvoas; Pamela Haibach-Beach; João Pereira; Bronagh McGrane; João Saraiva; Viviene Temple; Pedro Silva; Erik Sigmund; Eduarda Sousa-Sá; Manolis Adamakis; Carla Moreira; Till Utesch; Larissa True; Peggy Cheung; Jaime Carcamo-Oyarzun; Sophia Charitou; Palma Chillón; Claudio Robazza; Ana Silva; Danilo Silva; Rodrigo Lima; Isabel Mourão-Carvalhal; Zeinab Khodaverdi; Marcela Zequinão; Beatriz Pereira; António Prista; César Agostinis-Sobrinho. A Narrative Review of Motor Competence in Children and Adolescents: What We Know and What We Need to Find Out. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 18, 18 .

AMA Style

Luís Lopes, Rute Santos, Manuel Coelho-E-Silva, Catherine Draper, Jorge Mota, Boris Jidovtseff, Cain Clark, Mirko Schmidt, Philip Morgan, Michael Duncan, Wesley O’Brien, Peter Bentsen, Eva D’Hondt, Suzanne Houwen, Garret Stratton, Kristine De Martelaer, Claude Scheuer, Christian Herrmann, António García-Hermoso, Robinson Ramírez-Vélez, António Palmeira, Erin Gerlach, Rafaela Rosário, Johann Issartel, Irene Esteban-Cornejo, Jonatan Ruiz, Sanne Veldman, Zhiguang Zhang, Dario Colella, Susana Póvoas, Pamela Haibach-Beach, João Pereira, Bronagh McGrane, João Saraiva, Viviene Temple, Pedro Silva, Erik Sigmund, Eduarda Sousa-Sá, Manolis Adamakis, Carla Moreira, Till Utesch, Larissa True, Peggy Cheung, Jaime Carcamo-Oyarzun, Sophia Charitou, Palma Chillón, Claudio Robazza, Ana Silva, Danilo Silva, Rodrigo Lima, Isabel Mourão-Carvalhal, Zeinab Khodaverdi, Marcela Zequinão, Beatriz Pereira, António Prista, César Agostinis-Sobrinho. A Narrative Review of Motor Competence in Children and Adolescents: What We Know and What We Need to Find Out. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 18 (1):18.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Luís Lopes; Rute Santos; Manuel Coelho-E-Silva; Catherine Draper; Jorge Mota; Boris Jidovtseff; Cain Clark; Mirko Schmidt; Philip Morgan; Michael Duncan; Wesley O’Brien; Peter Bentsen; Eva D’Hondt; Suzanne Houwen; Garret Stratton; Kristine De Martelaer; Claude Scheuer; Christian Herrmann; António García-Hermoso; Robinson Ramírez-Vélez; António Palmeira; Erin Gerlach; Rafaela Rosário; Johann Issartel; Irene Esteban-Cornejo; Jonatan Ruiz; Sanne Veldman; Zhiguang Zhang; Dario Colella; Susana Póvoas; Pamela Haibach-Beach; João Pereira; Bronagh McGrane; João Saraiva; Viviene Temple; Pedro Silva; Erik Sigmund; Eduarda Sousa-Sá; Manolis Adamakis; Carla Moreira; Till Utesch; Larissa True; Peggy Cheung; Jaime Carcamo-Oyarzun; Sophia Charitou; Palma Chillón; Claudio Robazza; Ana Silva; Danilo Silva; Rodrigo Lima; Isabel Mourão-Carvalhal; Zeinab Khodaverdi; Marcela Zequinão; Beatriz Pereira; António Prista; César Agostinis-Sobrinho. 2020. "A Narrative Review of Motor Competence in Children and Adolescents: What We Know and What We Need to Find Out." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 1: 18.

Journal article
Published: 30 October 2020 in Sustainability
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Emotional intelligence is an important variable related to the interaction and functioning of sports teams. The present study examined the relationship between players’ trait emotional intelligence and functional and dysfunctional psychobiosocial states. In particular, we examined the mediating effects of intra-team communication efficacy and role ambiguity in this relationship. The participants were 291 (174 men and 117 women) Italian players involved in various team sports (i.e., futsal, soccer, volleyball, handball, and rugby). They completed a multi-section questionnaire assessing the study variables during the early/middle part of their competitive seasons. Structural equation modeling (SEM) showed trait emotional intelligence to positively predict functional psychobiosocial states and negatively predict dysfunctional psychobiosocial states. Effective intra-team communication mediated the relationship between emotional intelligence and functional states, while role ambiguity was a mediator of the relationship between trait emotional intelligence and dysfunctional states. Overall, the results highlight the importance of examining trait emotional intelligence as an antecedent of players’ psychobiosocial states in applied sport contexts both in terms of team functioning and individual optimal sport experience.

ACS Style

Rachele Nateri; Claudio Robazza; Asko Tolvanen; Laura Bortoli; Antonis Hatzigeorgiadis; Montse Ruiz. Emotional Intelligence and Psychobiosocial States: Mediating Effects of Intra-Team Communication and Role Ambiguity. Sustainability 2020, 12, 9019 .

AMA Style

Rachele Nateri, Claudio Robazza, Asko Tolvanen, Laura Bortoli, Antonis Hatzigeorgiadis, Montse Ruiz. Emotional Intelligence and Psychobiosocial States: Mediating Effects of Intra-Team Communication and Role Ambiguity. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (21):9019.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rachele Nateri; Claudio Robazza; Asko Tolvanen; Laura Bortoli; Antonis Hatzigeorgiadis; Montse Ruiz. 2020. "Emotional Intelligence and Psychobiosocial States: Mediating Effects of Intra-Team Communication and Role Ambiguity." Sustainability 12, no. 21: 9019.

Journal article
Published: 15 October 2020 in Sustainability
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Youth sport experience provides opportunities for physical, personal, and social development in youngsters. Sport is a social system in which socially constructed gender differences and stereotypes are incorporated, and specific sport activities are often perceived as gender characterized. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between some salient physical and emotional self-perceptions and the type of sport practiced. A sample of 261 female athletes, aged 14–21 years (Mage = 15.59, SD = 2.00), practicing different sports, categorized as feminine (e.g., artistic and rhythmic gymnastics), masculine (e.g., soccer and rugby), or neutral (e.g., track and field and tennis), took part in a cross-sectional study. Significant differences were observed between aesthetic sports and other types of sports. Athletes involved in aesthetic sports reported the lowest values in their feelings of confidence and the highest values in feelings of worry related to competition. This may be attributed to the evaluation system of aesthetic sports, in which the athlete’s performance is evaluated by a jury. At the same time, they reported low values of dysfunctional psychobiosocial states associated with their general sport experience, likely because of their physical appearance close to the current body social standards for girls. Notwithstanding the differences by type of sport, athletes of all disciplines reported high mean values of functional psychobiosocial states, suggesting that their overall sporting experience was good.

ACS Style

Milena Morano; Claudio Robazza; Montse C. Ruiz; Stefania Cataldi; Francesco Fischetti; Laura Bortoli. Gender-Typed Sport Practice, Physical Self-Perceptions, and Performance-Related Emotions in Adolescent Girls. Sustainability 2020, 12, 8518 .

AMA Style

Milena Morano, Claudio Robazza, Montse C. Ruiz, Stefania Cataldi, Francesco Fischetti, Laura Bortoli. Gender-Typed Sport Practice, Physical Self-Perceptions, and Performance-Related Emotions in Adolescent Girls. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (20):8518.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Milena Morano; Claudio Robazza; Montse C. Ruiz; Stefania Cataldi; Francesco Fischetti; Laura Bortoli. 2020. "Gender-Typed Sport Practice, Physical Self-Perceptions, and Performance-Related Emotions in Adolescent Girls." Sustainability 12, no. 20: 8518.

Journal article
Published: 15 September 2020 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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The behavioral preference for the use of one side of the body starts from pre-natal life and prompt humans to develop motor asymmetries. The type of motor task completed influences those functional asymmetries. However, there is no real consensus on the occurrence of handedness during developmental ages. Therefore, we aimed to determine which motor asymmetries emerged differently during childhood. A total sample of 381 children in grades 1 to 5 (6–11 years old) of primary school were recruited and tested for two fine coordination tasks (Floppy, led by dexterity, and Thumb, led by speed-dominated skills) and handgrip strength (HS). Data about their handedness, footedness and sports participation were also collected. Children performed better with their dominant side, especially for the Floppy and HS tests. The asymmetries were more marked in right-handed children and did not differ by age, gender or type of sport. Our findings support the thesis of a functional lateralization in complex coordinative tasks and in maximal strength during developmental ages. Furthermore, our findings extend the evidence of a stronger lateralization in right-handed individuals, demonstrating it at a functional level in primary school children performing motor tasks. Fine motor skills allow a “fine” understanding of developmental trajectories of lateralized behavior.

ACS Style

Danilo Bondi; Giulia Prete; Gianluca Malatesta; Claudio Robazza. Laterality in Children: Evidence for Task-Dependent Lateralization of Motor Functions. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 6705 .

AMA Style

Danilo Bondi, Giulia Prete, Gianluca Malatesta, Claudio Robazza. Laterality in Children: Evidence for Task-Dependent Lateralization of Motor Functions. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (18):6705.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Danilo Bondi; Giulia Prete; Gianluca Malatesta; Claudio Robazza. 2020. "Laterality in Children: Evidence for Task-Dependent Lateralization of Motor Functions." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 18: 6705.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2020 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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With the current obesity epidemic and the decline of fitness among school-aged children, the importance of obesity interventions to promote physical activity and healthy habits has become indisputable. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of a school-based multicomponent intervention in increasing physical activity (PA) levels, actual physical abilities, and perceived physical abilities in clinical and nonclinical samples of overweight/obese boys and girls aged 10–12 years. The clinical intervention group (n = 35) participated in a 7-month after-school program in addition to curricular physical education lessons, while the nonclinical control group (n = 29) received usual curricular lessons. Measures included levels of PA and fitness and individual’s perceptions of physical ability. After treatment, the intervention group showed improved PA levels, perceived physical ability, and throwing and jumping task performances compared to the control group. Results indicate that a multicomponent program can improve levels of PA, fitness, and perceived competence of overweight participants. Findings highlight the importance of a comprehensive healthy lifestyle program that includes physical, psychosocial, and behavioral factors and suggest practical implications for educators, trainers, and teachers in identifying best practices targeting childhood obesity.

ACS Style

Milena Morano; Claudio Robazza; Laura Bortoli; Irene Rutigliano; Montse C. Ruiz; Angelo Campanozzi. Physical Activity and Physical Competence in Overweight and Obese Children: An Intervention Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 6370 .

AMA Style

Milena Morano, Claudio Robazza, Laura Bortoli, Irene Rutigliano, Montse C. Ruiz, Angelo Campanozzi. Physical Activity and Physical Competence in Overweight and Obese Children: An Intervention Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (17):6370.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Milena Morano; Claudio Robazza; Laura Bortoli; Irene Rutigliano; Montse C. Ruiz; Angelo Campanozzi. 2020. "Physical Activity and Physical Competence in Overweight and Obese Children: An Intervention Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 17: 6370.

Articles
Published: 06 August 2020 in International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology
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Italy was one of the most impacted countries by the COVID-19 crisis, with detrimental effects on the world of sports. In this exploratory study, we examined Italian athletes’ perceived stress and functional/dysfunctional psychobiosocial states during the COVID-19 crisis, comparing current assessment scores with data collected prior to the pandemic. Differences by gender, sport (i.e., individual vs team sport), and competitive level (elite/expert vs novice athletes) were also examined. The perceived stress scale and the psychobiosocial states scale were administered to 1132 competitive athletes about one month after the beginning of Italian lockdown. The comparison between the data collected during COVID-19 with the data collected before the pandemic outbreak revealed highly significant differences with medium to large effects sizes. Findings suggest that the COVID-19 crisis increased athletes’ perceived stress and dysfunctional psychobiosocial states, while decreased functional psychobiosocial states. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences by gender on perceived stress and both types of psychobiosocial states, as well as by competitive level on perceived stress and functional psychobiosocial states. Specifically, women reported higher perceived stress and dysfunctional psychobiosocial states scores than men, and lower functional psychobiosocial states scores. Elite/expert athletes reported lower perceived stress and higher functional psychobiosocial states scores than novice athletes. From a practical point of view, training regimens and healthy behaviours during pandemic crises should be introduced as standard habits for health and well-being. The application of specific well-being protocols for women and novice athletes should be encouraged.

ACS Style

Selenia Di Fronso; Sergio Costa; Cristina Montesano; Francesco Di Gruttola; Edoardo Giorgio Ciofi; Luana Morgilli; Claudio Robazza; Maurizio Bertollo. The effects of COVID-19 pandemic on perceived stress and psychobiosocial states in Italian athletes. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology 2020, 1 -13.

AMA Style

Selenia Di Fronso, Sergio Costa, Cristina Montesano, Francesco Di Gruttola, Edoardo Giorgio Ciofi, Luana Morgilli, Claudio Robazza, Maurizio Bertollo. The effects of COVID-19 pandemic on perceived stress and psychobiosocial states in Italian athletes. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology. 2020; ():1-13.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Selenia Di Fronso; Sergio Costa; Cristina Montesano; Francesco Di Gruttola; Edoardo Giorgio Ciofi; Luana Morgilli; Claudio Robazza; Maurizio Bertollo. 2020. "The effects of COVID-19 pandemic on perceived stress and psychobiosocial states in Italian athletes." International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology , no. : 1-13.

Journal article
Published: 21 June 2020 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Sport participation in youngsters has been associated with long-lasting psychosocial and health-related benefits as well as increased levels of physical exercise in adulthood. The objective of this study was to examine some psychological factors of fundamental importance in enhancing sport participation and preventing burnout. A sample of 520 girls and boys aged 13–18 years, practicing individual or team sports, took part in a cross-sectional study to assess basic psychological need satisfaction, psychobiosocial states, and burnout symptoms. The specific purpose was to examine the mediation effects of emotion-related (i.e., functional/dysfunctional) psychobiosocial states on the relationship between basic psychological need satisfaction (i.e., autonomy-choice, competence, and relatedness) and burnout symptoms (i.e., emotional/physical exhaustion, a reduced sense of accomplishment, and sport devaluation). Competence need satisfaction was found to be the most influential variable, with direct and indirect effects on burnout components, in particular, on a reduced sense of sport accomplishment. Overall, findings support the usefulness of investigating psychobiosocial states in youth sport and indicate that functional psychobiosocial states, as consequences of environmental motivational aspects, can have a significant effect on contrasting burnout symptoms.

ACS Style

Milena Morano; Laura Bortoli; Montse C. Ruiz; Claudio Robazza. Psychobiosocial States as Mediators of the Effects of Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction on Burnout Symptoms in Youth Sport. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 4447 .

AMA Style

Milena Morano, Laura Bortoli, Montse C. Ruiz, Claudio Robazza. Psychobiosocial States as Mediators of the Effects of Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction on Burnout Symptoms in Youth Sport. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (12):4447.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Milena Morano; Laura Bortoli; Montse C. Ruiz; Claudio Robazza. 2020. "Psychobiosocial States as Mediators of the Effects of Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction on Burnout Symptoms in Youth Sport." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 12: 4447.

Journal article
Published: 23 May 2020 in Physical Therapy in Sport
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To culturally adapt the Attention Questionnaire of Rehabilitated Athletes Returning to Competition (AQ-RARC) in the Italian language. Cross-sectional study. Italian athletes. We recruited 324 athletes (215 men, 109 women) divided in two samples: 101 injured athletes returning to their first competition following injury, 223 non-injured athletes making their first competition of the regular season. The AQ-RARC-IT, the Psychobiosocial States Scale (PBS-ST), and a Concentration Disruption scale. Athletes completed the questionnaires at the end of their first competition. We investigated the construct validity, the internal consistency, and the concurrent validity of all measures. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) supported the two-factor structure of the AQ-RARC-IT yielding acceptable fit indices, CFI = 0.930, TLI = 0.912, RMSEA (90% CI) = 0.100 (.076–.123), and SRMR = 0.082. Concurrent validity was evaluated through Pearson’s correlation coefficients between measures. Correlations ranged in magnitude from weak to moderately high. Study findings showed satisfactory psychometric properties of the AQ-RARC-IT. The questionnaire can be used for clinical and research purposes.

ACS Style

Cristiana Conti; Selenia di Fronso; Maurizio Bertollo; Claudio Robazza. A cross-cultural validation of the Attention Questionnaire of Rehabilitated Athletes Returning to competition. Physical Therapy in Sport 2020, 44, 114 -120.

AMA Style

Cristiana Conti, Selenia di Fronso, Maurizio Bertollo, Claudio Robazza. A cross-cultural validation of the Attention Questionnaire of Rehabilitated Athletes Returning to competition. Physical Therapy in Sport. 2020; 44 ():114-120.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cristiana Conti; Selenia di Fronso; Maurizio Bertollo; Claudio Robazza. 2020. "A cross-cultural validation of the Attention Questionnaire of Rehabilitated Athletes Returning to competition." Physical Therapy in Sport 44, no. : 114-120.

Research article
Published: 13 May 2020 in PLoS ONE
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The aims of this study were (1) to investigate whether 6−7-year-old children are accurate in perceiving their actual movement competence, and (2) to examine possible age- and gender-related differences. A total of 603 children (301 girls and 302 boys, aged 6 to 7 years) were assessed on the execution accuracy of six locomotor skills and six object control skills using the Test of Gross Motor Development (TGMD-2). The perceived competence of the same skills, plus six active play activities, was also gauged through the Pictorial Scale of Perceived Movement Skill Competence (PMSC-2). The factorial validity of the TGMD-2 and PMSC-2 scales was preliminarily ascertained using a Bayesian structural equation modeling approach. The relationships between the latent factors of the two instruments were then assessed. Gender and age differences were also examined. The factorial validity of the TGMD-2 and the PMSC-2 was confirmed after some adjustments. A subsequent analysis of the relationship between the latent factors (i.e., locomotor skills and object control) of the two instruments yielded very low estimates. Finally, boys and older children showed better competence in object control skills compared to their counterparts. Weak associations between actual and perceived competence suggest that inaccuracy in children’s perceptions can be likely due to a still limited development of cognitive skills needed for the evaluation of the own competence. From an applied perspective, interventions aimed at improving actual motor competence may also increase children’s self-perceived motor competence and their motivation toward physical activity.

ACS Style

Milena Morano; Laura Bortoli; Montse C. Ruiz; Angelo Campanozzi; Claudio Robazza. Actual and perceived motor competence: Are children accurate in their perceptions? PLoS ONE 2020, 15, e0233190 .

AMA Style

Milena Morano, Laura Bortoli, Montse C. Ruiz, Angelo Campanozzi, Claudio Robazza. Actual and perceived motor competence: Are children accurate in their perceptions? PLoS ONE. 2020; 15 (5):e0233190.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Milena Morano; Laura Bortoli; Montse C. Ruiz; Angelo Campanozzi; Claudio Robazza. 2020. "Actual and perceived motor competence: Are children accurate in their perceptions?" PLoS ONE 15, no. 5: e0233190.

Journal article
Published: 05 February 2020 in Sustainability
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The obesity epidemic and the decline of fitness among children highlights the need for suitable interventions designed to promote Physical Activity (PA) and healthy habits. The purpose of our pilot study was to assess the feasibility of a school-based program among overweight and obese children, by examining changes in their body composition, PA, physical fitness, and some psychosocial determinants of active behavior. An additional objective was to investigate the reciprocal relationship over time between PA and body image. Self-reported PA and health-related fitness tests were administered to 18 overweight and obese children (11.3 ± 0.4 years), before and after a 6-month intervention including nutritional education, skill-learning, playful physical activities, and exercise training. Participants were assessed on body composition, perceived physical ability, body image, and pleasant and unpleasant psychobiosocial states towards PA. After treatment, children showed decreased body mass index, body fat percentage, arm and waist circumferences, and skinfold thickness. Actual and perceived physical abilities, body image, and PA also improved over six months. Cross-lagged correlations suggest body image to be an antecedent to being physically active. Results showed that the multi-component school program may have sustainable benefits in reducing adiposity indicators and improving exercise adherence, physical fitness, and psychological well-being.

ACS Style

Milena Morano; Claudio Robazza; Irene Rutigliano; Laura Bortoli; Montse C. Ruiz; Angelo Campanozzi. Changes in Physical Activity, Motor Performance, and Psychosocial Determinants of Active Behavior in Children: A Pilot School-Based Obesity Program. Sustainability 2020, 12, 1128 .

AMA Style

Milena Morano, Claudio Robazza, Irene Rutigliano, Laura Bortoli, Montse C. Ruiz, Angelo Campanozzi. Changes in Physical Activity, Motor Performance, and Psychosocial Determinants of Active Behavior in Children: A Pilot School-Based Obesity Program. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (3):1128.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Milena Morano; Claudio Robazza; Irene Rutigliano; Laura Bortoli; Montse C. Ruiz; Angelo Campanozzi. 2020. "Changes in Physical Activity, Motor Performance, and Psychosocial Determinants of Active Behavior in Children: A Pilot School-Based Obesity Program." Sustainability 12, no. 3: 1128.

Review
Published: 02 December 2019 in Journal of Intellectual Disability Research
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Background Inactivity is a major factor contributing to adverse health in people with intellectual disabilities (IDs). While it is generally agreed that physical activity (PA)/sport‐based interventions promote cognitive and social development in the general population, little is known about their specific benefits in adults with ID. The aims of this systematic review were (a) to examine the effects of PA/sport‐based interventions on intention, motivation and attitude regarding PA/sport participation in adults with ID and (b) to investigate the influence of these psychological factors on behavioural change (e.g. PA level) and quality of life. Methods A systematic review has been conducted searching four electronic databases (i.e. SCOPUS, Web of Science, PubMed and Cochrane Library). Studies were included if written in English, peer reviewed, had primary research data, and measured intention, motivation, attitude, behavioural outcomes or quality of life. Results Thirteen articles met our inclusion criteria of which 10 explored the effects of PA/sport as part of a multi‐component intervention. Most investigated outcomes were exercise self‐efficacy and quality of life. Five studies measured exercise self‐efficacy, and four of them found significant changes. One study found a significant improvement in quality of life and another study in life satisfaction. We observed lack of sport‐based interventions, few data about people with severe ID and limited psychological measures. Conclusions Personal and environmental factors are key components of behavioural change. Support of caregivers and individualised instructions may benefit exercise self‐efficacy. There is lack of information about the effects of psychological factors on behavioural change and quality of life in adults with ID.

ACS Style

R. Z. Bondár; S. Di Fronso; L. Bortoli; C. Robazza; G. S. Metsios; M. Bertollo. The effects of physical activity or sport‐based interventions on psychological factors in adults with intellectual disabilities: a systematic review. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research 2019, 64, 69 -92.

AMA Style

R. Z. Bondár, S. Di Fronso, L. Bortoli, C. Robazza, G. S. Metsios, M. Bertollo. The effects of physical activity or sport‐based interventions on psychological factors in adults with intellectual disabilities: a systematic review. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research. 2019; 64 (2):69-92.

Chicago/Turabian Style

R. Z. Bondár; S. Di Fronso; L. Bortoli; C. Robazza; G. S. Metsios; M. Bertollo. 2019. "The effects of physical activity or sport‐based interventions on psychological factors in adults with intellectual disabilities: a systematic review." Journal of Intellectual Disability Research 64, no. 2: 69-92.

Validation study
Published: 01 November 2019 in Physical Therapy in Sport
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The purpose of this study was to cross-culturally validate in the Italian language the I-PRRS and the SCI. Cross-sectional study. Injured Italian athletes. We recruited male (n = 73) and female (n = 27) athletes who returned to practice after having completed the rehabilitation. The measures comprised the I-PRRS, the SCI, and the Italian Mood Scale (ITAMS). Athletes completed the questionnaires within 1 day before their first official competition following injury. We investigated the construct validity, the internal consistency, and the concurrent validity of the I-PRRS and SCI with the ITAMS. Confirmatory Factor Analysis supported the two-factor structure of the I-PRRS (Confidence in performance capability and Confidence in recovery) and the three-factor structure of the SCI (SC-Physical Skills and Training, SC-Cognitive Efficiency, and SC-Resilience). The reliability scores of both I-PRRS and SCI subscales indicated good internal consistency. Correlation between the I-PRRS and the SCI ranged in magnitude from weak to moderately high. A similar trend of correlations was found between the subscales of the I-PRRS and the ITAMS, as well as between the subscales of the SCI and the ITAMS. Study findings showed satisfactory psychometric properties of the Italian version of the I-PRRS and SCI.

ACS Style

Cristiana Conti; Selenia Di Fronso; Claudio Robazza; Maurizio Bertollo. The Injury-Psychological Readiness to return to sport (I-PRRS) scale and the Sport Confidence Inventory (SCI): A cross-cultural validation. Physical Therapy in Sport 2019, 40, 218 -224.

AMA Style

Cristiana Conti, Selenia Di Fronso, Claudio Robazza, Maurizio Bertollo. The Injury-Psychological Readiness to return to sport (I-PRRS) scale and the Sport Confidence Inventory (SCI): A cross-cultural validation. Physical Therapy in Sport. 2019; 40 ():218-224.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cristiana Conti; Selenia Di Fronso; Claudio Robazza; Maurizio Bertollo. 2019. "The Injury-Psychological Readiness to return to sport (I-PRRS) scale and the Sport Confidence Inventory (SCI): A cross-cultural validation." Physical Therapy in Sport 40, no. : 218-224.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2019 in European Journal of Psychological Assessment
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This study examined the factor structure and reliability of the Psychobiosocial States (PBS-S) scale in the assessment of situational performance-related experiences. We administered the scale to 483 Finnish athletes before a practice session to assess the intensity and perceived impact of their performance-related feeling states. The hypothesized two-factor structure indicating functional effects (10 items) and dysfunctional effects (10 items) toward performance was examined via exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Regarding the intensity and perceived impact dimensions of reported states, ESEM and CFA showed a good fit for a two-factor solution of a 14-item PBS-S scale (seven functional and seven dysfunctional items). For both intensity and impact ratings, core state functional modalities were bodily, cognitive, and volitional, while core state dysfunctional modalities were volitional, operational, and anxiety. Findings support the use of a 14-item PBS-S scale to measure a range of preperformance states.

ACS Style

Montse C. Ruiz; Claudio Robazza; Asko Tolvanen; Juri Hanin. The Psychobiosocial States (PBS-S) Scale. European Journal of Psychological Assessment 2019, 35, 658 -665.

AMA Style

Montse C. Ruiz, Claudio Robazza, Asko Tolvanen, Juri Hanin. The Psychobiosocial States (PBS-S) Scale. European Journal of Psychological Assessment. 2019; 35 (5):658-665.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Montse C. Ruiz; Claudio Robazza; Asko Tolvanen; Juri Hanin. 2019. "The Psychobiosocial States (PBS-S) Scale." European Journal of Psychological Assessment 35, no. 5: 658-665.

Original research article
Published: 22 March 2019 in Frontiers in Psychology
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This two-wave study investigated the temporal interplay between motivation and the intensity and reported impact of athletes’ emotions in training settings. In total, 217 athletes completed self-report measures of motivational climate, motivation regulations, emotional states (i.e., pleasant states, anger, and anxiety) experienced before practice at two time points during a 3-month period. Latent change score modeling revealed significantly negative paths from task-involving climate at time 1 to the latent change in the intensity of dysfunctional anxiety and anger, and significantly positive paths from ego-involving climate at time 1 to the latent change in dysfunctional anger (i.e., intensity and reported impact). The paths from controlled motivation at time 1 to the latent change in the intensity of dysfunctional anxiety and vice versa were significantly positive. The path from controlled motivation at time 1 to the latent change in the intensity of functional anger was significantly positive, but not vice versa. In addition, the paths from dysfunctional anger (i.e., intensity and reported impact) at time 1 to the latent change in motivation regulations were significant, but not vice versa. Overall, evidence provided suggested that the temporal interplay of motivation and emotions is contingent on the specific emotions. The findings highlight the role of coach-created motivational climate and the importance of identifying high levels of controlled motivation to help athletes better adapt to psychological stress.

ACS Style

Montse C. Ruiz; Claudio Robazza; Asko Tolvanen; Saara Haapanen; Joan L. Duda. Coach-Created Motivational Climate and Athletes’ Adaptation to Psychological Stress: Temporal Motivation-Emotion Interplay. Frontiers in Psychology 2019, 10, 1 .

AMA Style

Montse C. Ruiz, Claudio Robazza, Asko Tolvanen, Saara Haapanen, Joan L. Duda. Coach-Created Motivational Climate and Athletes’ Adaptation to Psychological Stress: Temporal Motivation-Emotion Interplay. Frontiers in Psychology. 2019; 10 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Montse C. Ruiz; Claudio Robazza; Asko Tolvanen; Saara Haapanen; Joan L. Duda. 2019. "Coach-Created Motivational Climate and Athletes’ Adaptation to Psychological Stress: Temporal Motivation-Emotion Interplay." Frontiers in Psychology 10, no. : 1.

Original research article
Published: 06 December 2018 in Frontiers in Psychology
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The purpose of this cross-sectional investigation was to examine the item characteristics, factor structure, reliability, convergent validity, and nomological validity of the Psychobiosocial States in Physical Education (PBS-SPE) scale. In Study 1, a sample of 1,030 students (582 girls and 448 boys, 10 to 19-year-olds), drawn from middle or high schools, rated the intensity of the 20 items version of the PBS-SPE scale thinking about the feelings they had usually experienced in physical education classes. In Study 2, an additional sample of 1,025 students (578 girls, 447 boys, 10 to 19-year-olds), rated the 16 items of the final version of the scale. Two subsamples also completed an affective-related measure (i.e., the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale) and two motivation scales often used in the physical education domain (i.e., the Teacher-Initiated Motivational Climate in Physical Education Questionnaire and the Situational Motivation Scale). Exploratory structural equation modeling and confirmatory factor analyses of the data showed that a two-factor, 16-item solution (i.e., 8 pleasant/functional items and 8 unpleasant/dysfunctional items) of the PBS-SPE scale reached satisfactory fit indices. Multi-group comparisons provided support for measurement and structural invariance across samples, gender, and age. Convergent and nomological validity was also upheld. Overall, the findings offer support for the use of a new instrument in the assessment of PBS-SPE settings.

ACS Style

Laura Bortoli; Francesca Vitali; Rossana Di Battista; Montse C. Ruiz; Claudio Robazza. Initial Validation of the Psychobiosocial States in Physical Education (PBS-SPE) Scale. Frontiers in Psychology 2018, 9, 2446 .

AMA Style

Laura Bortoli, Francesca Vitali, Rossana Di Battista, Montse C. Ruiz, Claudio Robazza. Initial Validation of the Psychobiosocial States in Physical Education (PBS-SPE) Scale. Frontiers in Psychology. 2018; 9 ():2446.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Laura Bortoli; Francesca Vitali; Rossana Di Battista; Montse C. Ruiz; Claudio Robazza. 2018. "Initial Validation of the Psychobiosocial States in Physical Education (PBS-SPE) Scale." Frontiers in Psychology 9, no. : 2446.

Reference entry
Published: 30 July 2018 in Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Psychology
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Emotions are multifaceted subjective feelings that reflect expected, current, or past interactions with the environment. They involve sets of interrelated psychological processes, encompassing affective, cognitive, motivational, physiological, and expressive or behavioral components. Emotions play a fundamental role in human adaptation and performance by improving sensory intake, detection of relevant stimuli, readiness for behavioral responses, decision-making, memory, and interpersonal interactions. These beneficial effects enhance human health and performance in any endeavor, including sport, work, and the arts. However, emotions can also be maladaptive. Their beneficial or maladaptive effects depend on their content, time of occurrence, and intensity level. Emotional self-regulation refers to the processes by which individuals modify the type, quality, time course, and intensity of their emotions. Individuals attempt to regulate their emotions to attain beneficial effects, to deal with unfavorable circumstances, or both. Emotional self-regulation occurs when persons monitor the emotions they are experiencing and try to modify or maintain them. It can be automatic or effortful, conscious or unconscious. The process model of emotion regulation provides a framework for the classification of antecedent- and response-focused regulation processes. These processes are categorized according to the point at which they have their primary impact in the emotion generative process: situation selection (e.g., confrontation and avoidance), situation modification (e.g., direct situation modification, support-seeking, and conflict resolution), attentional deployment (e.g., distraction, concentration, and mindfulness), cognitive change (e.g., self-efficacy appraisals, challenge/threat appraisals, positive reappraisal, and acceptance), and response modulation (e.g., regulation of experience, arousal regulation, and expressive suppression). In addition to the process model of emotion regulation, other prominent approaches provide useful insights to the study of adaptation and self-regulation for performance enhancement. These include the strength model of self-control, the dual-process theories, the biopsychosocial model, the attentional control theory, and the individual zones of optimal functioning model. Based on the latter model, emotion-centered and action-centered interrelated strategies have been proposed for self-regulation in sport. Within this framework, performers identify, regulate, and optimize their functional and dysfunctional emotions and their most relevant components of functional performance patterns.

ACS Style

Claudio Robazza; Montse C. Ruiz. Emotional Self-Regulation in Sport and Performance. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Psychology 2018, 1 .

AMA Style

Claudio Robazza, Montse C. Ruiz. Emotional Self-Regulation in Sport and Performance. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Psychology. 2018; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Claudio Robazza; Montse C. Ruiz. 2018. "Emotional Self-Regulation in Sport and Performance." Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Psychology , no. : 1.

Original articles
Published: 06 June 2018 in Chronobiology International
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Chronotype questionnaires provide a simple and time-effective approach to assessing individual differences in circadian variations. Chronotype questionnaires traditionally focused on one dimension of chronotype, namely its orientation along a continuum of morningness and eveningness. The Caen Chronotype Questionnaire (CCQ) was developed to assess an additional dimension of chronotype that captures the extent to which individual functioning varies during the day (amplitude). The aim of this study was to provide a multilanguage validation of the CCQ in six world regions (Arabic, Dutch, German, Italian, Portuguese and Spanish). At Time 1, a total of 2788 participants agreed to take part in the study (Arabic, n = 731; Dutch, n = 538; German, n = 329; Italian, n = 473; Portuguese, n = 361; Spanish, n = 356). Participants completed an assessment of the CCQ together with the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ; Horne & Ostberg 1976) as well as questions related to factors theoretically related to chronotype (age, shift work, physical activity, sleep parameters and coffee consumption). One month later, participants again completed the CCQ. Results showed that the two-factor structure (morningness-eveningness and amplitude) of the CCQ could be replicated in all six languages. However, measurement invariance could not be assumed regarding the factor loadings across languages, meaning that items loaded more on their factors in some translations than in others. Test–retest reliability of the CCQ ranged from unacceptable (German version) to excellent (Dutch, Portuguese). Convergent validity was established through small–medium effect size correlations between the morningness-eveningness dimension of the CCQ and the MEQ. Taken together, our findings generally support the use of the translated versions of the CCQ. Further validation work on the CCQ is required including convergent validation against physiological markers of sleep, health and well-being.

ACS Style

Sylvain Laborde; Fabrice Dosseville; Asma Aloui; Helmi Ben Saad; Maurizio Bertollo; Laura Bortoli; Barbara Braun; Karim Chamari; Hamdi Chtourou; Yvonne de Kort; Abdulaziz Farooq; Marijke Cm Gordijn; Pablo Greco; Félix Guillén; Monoem Haddad; Thomas Jean Hosang; Karim Khalladi; Romain Lericollais; Mariana Lopes; Claudio Robazza; Karin Smolders; Alexander Wurm; Mark Allen. Convergent and construct validity and test–retest reliability of the Caen Chronotype Questionnaire in six languages. Chronobiology International 2018, 35, 1294 -1304.

AMA Style

Sylvain Laborde, Fabrice Dosseville, Asma Aloui, Helmi Ben Saad, Maurizio Bertollo, Laura Bortoli, Barbara Braun, Karim Chamari, Hamdi Chtourou, Yvonne de Kort, Abdulaziz Farooq, Marijke Cm Gordijn, Pablo Greco, Félix Guillén, Monoem Haddad, Thomas Jean Hosang, Karim Khalladi, Romain Lericollais, Mariana Lopes, Claudio Robazza, Karin Smolders, Alexander Wurm, Mark Allen. Convergent and construct validity and test–retest reliability of the Caen Chronotype Questionnaire in six languages. Chronobiology International. 2018; 35 (9):1294-1304.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sylvain Laborde; Fabrice Dosseville; Asma Aloui; Helmi Ben Saad; Maurizio Bertollo; Laura Bortoli; Barbara Braun; Karim Chamari; Hamdi Chtourou; Yvonne de Kort; Abdulaziz Farooq; Marijke Cm Gordijn; Pablo Greco; Félix Guillén; Monoem Haddad; Thomas Jean Hosang; Karim Khalladi; Romain Lericollais; Mariana Lopes; Claudio Robazza; Karin Smolders; Alexander Wurm; Mark Allen. 2018. "Convergent and construct validity and test–retest reliability of the Caen Chronotype Questionnaire in six languages." Chronobiology International 35, no. 9: 1294-1304.