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An optimal power flow algorithm for unbalanced three-phase distribution grids is presented in this paper as a new tool for grid planning on low voltage level. As additional equipment like electric vehicles, heat pumps or solar power systems can sometimes cause unbalanced power flows, existing algorithms have to be adapted. In comparison to algorithms considering balanced power flows, the presented algorithm uses a complete model of a three-phase four-wire low voltage grid. Additionally, a constraint for the voltage unbalance in the grid is introduced. The algorithm can be used to optimize the operation of energy storage systems in unbalanced systems. The used grid model, constraints, objective function and solver are explained in detail. A validation of the algorithm using a commercial tool is done. Additionally, three exemplary optimizations are performed to show possible applications for this tool.
Lukas Held; Felicitas Mueller; Sina Steinle; Mohammed Barakat; Michael Suriyah; Thomas Leibfried. An Optimal Power Flow Algorithm for the Simulation of Energy Storage Systems in Unbalanced Three-Phase Distribution Grids. Energies 2021, 14, 1623 .
AMA StyleLukas Held, Felicitas Mueller, Sina Steinle, Mohammed Barakat, Michael Suriyah, Thomas Leibfried. An Optimal Power Flow Algorithm for the Simulation of Energy Storage Systems in Unbalanced Three-Phase Distribution Grids. Energies. 2021; 14 (6):1623.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLukas Held; Felicitas Mueller; Sina Steinle; Mohammed Barakat; Michael Suriyah; Thomas Leibfried. 2021. "An Optimal Power Flow Algorithm for the Simulation of Energy Storage Systems in Unbalanced Three-Phase Distribution Grids." Energies 14, no. 6: 1623.
The integration of multiple energy sectors, such as electricity, heating, and mobility, into an overall smart energy system is a key part of the journey towards a fossil-free energy system. Exploiting the operational flexibility of these sectors will lead to the efficient operation of the integrated smart energy system. The use of heat pumps for the heating supply based on renewable energy resources is reasonable in many cases. Combining heat pumps with thermal storages, these systems can offer flexibility to an energy system based on fluctuating power generation. Flexibility can be defined as the capability to adapt an initial schedule in order to support the energy system in terms of the provision of power reserve. In this paper, an approach to determine the time-dependent flexibility potential of a heat pump system is presented. The optimization-based approach considers all the constraints resulting from the system topology, including the required heating demand of the connected building. As a result, constraints for the integration of the available flexibility in a modified Optimal Power Flow (OPF) calculation are given. These lead to the ensured feasibility of the flexibility provision without considering the system boundaries of the heat pump site within the OPF.
Sina Steinle; Martin Zimmerlin; Felicitas Mueller; Lukas Held; Michael R. Suriyah; Thomas Leibfried. Time-Dependent Flexibility Potential of Heat Pump Systems for Smart Energy System Operation. Energies 2020, 13, 903 .
AMA StyleSina Steinle, Martin Zimmerlin, Felicitas Mueller, Lukas Held, Michael R. Suriyah, Thomas Leibfried. Time-Dependent Flexibility Potential of Heat Pump Systems for Smart Energy System Operation. Energies. 2020; 13 (4):903.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSina Steinle; Martin Zimmerlin; Felicitas Mueller; Lukas Held; Michael R. Suriyah; Thomas Leibfried. 2020. "Time-Dependent Flexibility Potential of Heat Pump Systems for Smart Energy System Operation." Energies 13, no. 4: 903.