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Adding hydrocolloids into native starch is a secure and effective method of physical modification. In this study, the effect of sodium alginate (AG) on the gelatinization, rheological, and retrogradation properties of rice starch (RS) was investigated by measuring the pasting parameters, melting enthalpy (ΔH), rheological characteristic parameters, intensity ratio of 1047 cm−1 to 1022 cm−1 (R1047/1022), and relative crystallinity (RC) of RS–AG blends. Rapid visco analysis shows that AG could significantly change the gelatinization parameters of RS. Differential scanning calorimetry results show that the ΔH values of RS initially decreased in the low AG concentration range (0.10%–0.30%), but increased in the high AG concentration range (0.30%–0.50%). Dynamic rheological analysis reveals that the modulus (G′, G′′) and the loss tangent (tan δ) increased with the rise of the AG concentration from 0.10% to 0.50%. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction patterns collectively prove that the crystallinity of RS decreased with the addition of AG during the retrogradation periods. The interactions between AG and starch molecules in RS–AG blends were hypothesized to correlate with the aforementioned results.
Kai Yang; Xiaohu Luo; Yuheng Zhai; Jie Liu; Kaihe Chen; Xingfeng Shao; Xiping Wu; Yanan Li; Zhengxing Chen. Influence of sodium alginate on the gelatinization, rheological, and retrogradation properties of rice starch. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 2021, 185, 708 -715.
AMA StyleKai Yang, Xiaohu Luo, Yuheng Zhai, Jie Liu, Kaihe Chen, Xingfeng Shao, Xiping Wu, Yanan Li, Zhengxing Chen. Influence of sodium alginate on the gelatinization, rheological, and retrogradation properties of rice starch. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. 2021; 185 ():708-715.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKai Yang; Xiaohu Luo; Yuheng Zhai; Jie Liu; Kaihe Chen; Xingfeng Shao; Xiping Wu; Yanan Li; Zhengxing Chen. 2021. "Influence of sodium alginate on the gelatinization, rheological, and retrogradation properties of rice starch." International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 185, no. : 708-715.
Moisture content is an important factor that affects rice storage. Rice with high moisture (HM) content has superior taste but is difficult to store. In this study, low-dose electron beam irradiation (EBI) was used to study water distribution in newly harvested HM (15.03%) rice and dried rice (11.97%) via low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR). The gelatinization, texture and rheological properties of rice and the thermal and digestion properties of rice starch were determined. Results showed that low-dose EBI could change water distribution in rice mainly by affecting free water under low-moisture (LM) conditions and free water and bound water under HM conditions. HM rice showed smooth changes in gelatinization and rheological properties and softened textural properties. The swelling power and solubility index indicated that irradiation promoted the depolymerization of starch chains. Overall, low-dose EBI had little effect on the properties of rice. HM rice showed superior quality and taste, whereas LM rice exhibited superior nutritional quality. This work attempted to optimize the outcome of the EBI treatment of rice for storage purposes by analyzing its effects. It demonstrated that low-dose EBI was more effective and environmentally friendly than other techniques.
Lihong Pan; Jiali Xing; Xiaohu Luo; Yanan Li; Dongling Sun; Yuheng Zhai; Kai Yang; Zhengxing Chen. Influence of Electron Beam Irradiation on the Moisture and Properties of Freshly Harvested and Sun-Dried Rice. Foods 2020, 9, 1139 .
AMA StyleLihong Pan, Jiali Xing, Xiaohu Luo, Yanan Li, Dongling Sun, Yuheng Zhai, Kai Yang, Zhengxing Chen. Influence of Electron Beam Irradiation on the Moisture and Properties of Freshly Harvested and Sun-Dried Rice. Foods. 2020; 9 (9):1139.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLihong Pan; Jiali Xing; Xiaohu Luo; Yanan Li; Dongling Sun; Yuheng Zhai; Kai Yang; Zhengxing Chen. 2020. "Influence of Electron Beam Irradiation on the Moisture and Properties of Freshly Harvested and Sun-Dried Rice." Foods 9, no. 9: 1139.
In this study, rice grains were treated with electron beam irradiation (EBI). The storage properties of the irradiated rice, as well as the physicochemical properties of isolated starches, were studied. As irradiation dose was increased from 0 kGy to 10 kGy, the lipase activity of irradiated rice decreased from 7.82 mg KOH/100 g to 5.15 mg KOH/100 g. EBI treatment did not significantly (p < 0.05) change fatty acid values. The granular structure of the isolated starches was partially destroyed after severe irradiation, and EBI treatment also caused the degradation of the molecular structures of amylopectin and amylose. All of the starches with or without EBI treatment displayed A-type crystalline structures, and 10 kGy of irradiation disrupted double-helical structures and subsequently decreased relative crystallinity. The formation of carboxyl groups reduced the digestibility of the starches, whereas the disruption of crystallites allowed digestive enzymes to access degraded starch chains easily. Overall, results demonstrated that a low dose of irradiation had insignificant effects on the quality of rice grains and corresponding starches. Thus, EBI could be a green and safe strategy for rice storage.
Lihong Pan; Jiali Xing; Hao Zhang; Xiaohu Luo; Zhengxing Chen. Electron beam irradiation as a tool for rice grain storage and its effects on the physicochemical properties of rice starch. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 2020, 164, 2915 -2921.
AMA StyleLihong Pan, Jiali Xing, Hao Zhang, Xiaohu Luo, Zhengxing Chen. Electron beam irradiation as a tool for rice grain storage and its effects on the physicochemical properties of rice starch. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. 2020; 164 ():2915-2921.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLihong Pan; Jiali Xing; Hao Zhang; Xiaohu Luo; Zhengxing Chen. 2020. "Electron beam irradiation as a tool for rice grain storage and its effects on the physicochemical properties of rice starch." International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 164, no. : 2915-2921.
Electron beam irradiation (EBI) has high energy, no induced radioactivity, and strong degradation capacity toward mycotoxins, such as zearalenone (ZEN) and ochratoxin A (OTA). In this study, we determined EBI’s influence on the physical and chemical properties of corn contaminated with ZEN and OTA. Moreover, the toxicity of corn after EBI was assessed through a mouse experiment. Amylose content and starch crystallinity in corn decreased significantly (p < 0.05) at an irradiation dose higher than 20 kGy. Scanning electron microscopy results revealed that the starch particles of corn began to be crushed at 10 kGy. Essential and total amino acid contents in corn decreased significantly with increasing irradiation dose of EBI (p < 0.05). Feeding EBI-treated corn fodders to mice could significantly improve blood biochemical indexes. The EBI-treated group was not significantly different from the normal corn group and did not display histopathological changes of the liver. EBI treatment can influence the quality of corn to some extent and effectively lower the toxicity of ZEN and OTA in contaminated corn. The results provide a theoretical and practical basis for the processing of EBI-treated corn and its safety.
Xiaohu Luo; Yuheng Zhai; Lijun Qi; Lihong Pan; Jing Wang; Jiali Xing; Ren Wang; Li Wang; Qingchuan Zhang; Kai Yang; Zhengxing Chen. Influences of Electron Beam Irradiation on the Physical and Chemical Properties of Zearalenone- and Ochratoxin A-Contaminated Corn and In Vivo Toxicity Assessment. Foods 2020, 9, 376 .
AMA StyleXiaohu Luo, Yuheng Zhai, Lijun Qi, Lihong Pan, Jing Wang, Jiali Xing, Ren Wang, Li Wang, Qingchuan Zhang, Kai Yang, Zhengxing Chen. Influences of Electron Beam Irradiation on the Physical and Chemical Properties of Zearalenone- and Ochratoxin A-Contaminated Corn and In Vivo Toxicity Assessment. Foods. 2020; 9 (3):376.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXiaohu Luo; Yuheng Zhai; Lijun Qi; Lihong Pan; Jing Wang; Jiali Xing; Ren Wang; Li Wang; Qingchuan Zhang; Kai Yang; Zhengxing Chen. 2020. "Influences of Electron Beam Irradiation on the Physical and Chemical Properties of Zearalenone- and Ochratoxin A-Contaminated Corn and In Vivo Toxicity Assessment." Foods 9, no. 3: 376.
Zearalenone (ZEN) and ochratoxin A (OTA) are key concerns of the food industry because of their toxicity and pollution scope. This study investigated the effects of ozone and electron beam irradiation (EBI) on the degradation of ZEN and OTA. Results demonstrated that 2 mL of 50 μg/mL ZEN was completely degraded after 10 s of treatment by 2.0 mg/L ozone. The degradation rate of 1 μg/mL ZEN by 16 kGy EBI was 92.76%. Methanol was superior to acetonitrile in terms of degrading ZEN when the irradiation dose was higher than 6 kGy. The degradation rate of 2 mL of 5 μg/mL OTA by 50 mg/L ozone at 180 s was 34%, and that of 1 μg/mL OTA by 16 kGy EBI exceeded 90%. Moreover, OTA degraded more rapidly in acetonitrile. Ozone performed better in the degradation of ZEN, whereas EBI was better for OTA. The conclusions provide theoretical and practical bases for the degradation of different fungal toxins.
Kai Yang; Ke Li; Lihong Pan; Xiaohu Luo; Jiali Xing; Jing Wang; Li Wang; Ren Wang; Yuheng Zhai; Zhengxing Chen. Effect of Ozone and Electron Beam Irradiation on Degradation of Zearalenone and Ochratoxin A. Toxins 2020, 12, 138 .
AMA StyleKai Yang, Ke Li, Lihong Pan, Xiaohu Luo, Jiali Xing, Jing Wang, Li Wang, Ren Wang, Yuheng Zhai, Zhengxing Chen. Effect of Ozone and Electron Beam Irradiation on Degradation of Zearalenone and Ochratoxin A. Toxins. 2020; 12 (2):138.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKai Yang; Ke Li; Lihong Pan; Xiaohu Luo; Jiali Xing; Jing Wang; Li Wang; Ren Wang; Yuheng Zhai; Zhengxing Chen. 2020. "Effect of Ozone and Electron Beam Irradiation on Degradation of Zearalenone and Ochratoxin A." Toxins 12, no. 2: 138.
The effects of electron beam irradiation (EBI) treatment on the freshness and quality of brown and milled rice at different irradiation doses were investigated. The colors of brown rice (P > 0.05) and milled rice (P < 0.05) slightly changed after 5 kGy irradiation. After irradiation, the viscosities and amylose contents of the samples decreased (P < 0.05), crystal forms remained unchanged, but crystallinities decreased (P < 0.05). The microstructures of the samples did not change according to the results of the scanning electron microscopy. During the 120-day storage process, the free fatty acids of the irradiated samples increased at a slower rate than the non-irradiated samples did. Lipase activity was inhibited effectively, and the total viable bacterial count was significantly reduced (P < 0.05). Results indicated the potential of EBI to improve the quality and extend the shelf lives of brown and milled rice during storage.
Xiaohu Luo; Yulin Li; Dan Yang; Jiali Xing; Ke Li; Ming Yang; Ren Wang; Li Wang; Yuwei Zhang; Zhengxing Chen. Effects of electron beam irradiation on storability of brown and milled rice. Journal of Stored Products Research 2018, 81, 22 -30.
AMA StyleXiaohu Luo, Yulin Li, Dan Yang, Jiali Xing, Ke Li, Ming Yang, Ren Wang, Li Wang, Yuwei Zhang, Zhengxing Chen. Effects of electron beam irradiation on storability of brown and milled rice. Journal of Stored Products Research. 2018; 81 ():22-30.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXiaohu Luo; Yulin Li; Dan Yang; Jiali Xing; Ke Li; Ming Yang; Ren Wang; Li Wang; Yuwei Zhang; Zhengxing Chen. 2018. "Effects of electron beam irradiation on storability of brown and milled rice." Journal of Stored Products Research 81, no. : 22-30.
Zearalenone (ZEN) and ochratoxin A (OTA) are secondary toxic metabolites widely present in grains and grain products. In this study, the effects of electron beam irradiation (EBI) on ZEN and OTA in corn and the quality of irradiated corn were investigated. Results indicated that EBI significantly affected ZEN and OTA. The degradation rates of ZEN and OTA at 10 kGy in solution were 65.6% and 75.2%, respectively. The initial amounts significantly affected the degradation rate. ZEN and OTA in corn were decreased by the irradiation dose, and their degradation rates at 50 kGy were 71.1% and 67.9%, respectively. ZEN and OTA were more easily degraded in corn kernel than in corn flour. Moisture content (MC) played a vital role in ZEN and OTA degradation. High MC was attributed to high ZEN and OTA degradation. The quality of irradiated corn was evaluated on the basis of irradiation dose. L* value changed, but this change was not significant (p > 0.05). By contrast, a* and b* decreased significantly (p < 0.05) with irradiation dose. The fatty acid value increased significantly. The pasting properties, including peak, trough, breakdown, and final and setback viscosities, were also reduced significantly (p < 0.05) by irradiation. Our study verified that EBI could effectively degrade ZEN and OTA in corn. Irradiation could also affect corn quality.
Xiaohu Luo; Lijun Qi; Yuntao Liu; Ren Wang; Dan Yang; Ke Li; Li Wang; Yanan Li; Yuwei Zhang; Zhengxing Chen. Effects of Electron Beam Irradiation on Zearalenone and Ochratoxin A in Naturally Contaminated Corn and Corn Quality Parameters. Toxins 2017, 9, 84 .
AMA StyleXiaohu Luo, Lijun Qi, Yuntao Liu, Ren Wang, Dan Yang, Ke Li, Li Wang, Yanan Li, Yuwei Zhang, Zhengxing Chen. Effects of Electron Beam Irradiation on Zearalenone and Ochratoxin A in Naturally Contaminated Corn and Corn Quality Parameters. Toxins. 2017; 9 (3):84.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXiaohu Luo; Lijun Qi; Yuntao Liu; Ren Wang; Dan Yang; Ke Li; Li Wang; Yanan Li; Yuwei Zhang; Zhengxing Chen. 2017. "Effects of Electron Beam Irradiation on Zearalenone and Ochratoxin A in Naturally Contaminated Corn and Corn Quality Parameters." Toxins 9, no. 3: 84.