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Ship wakes generated by vessels moving through ecologically sensitive areas, or near poorly-protected infrastructure, can negatively impact these systems. This is especially true in regions hosting large seaports. Ship wakes in Tampa Bay, Florida, were calculated during two time periods using vessel movement data reported through the Automatic Identification System (AIS). The first period was for the years 2015–2017 using data from a government database. The second was during part of 2018 obtained by local monitoring. Only vessels operating at low Froude numbers were examined. Wake heights were estimated from each AIS record using an empirical equation and partitioned by functional vessel class. The largest estimated wakes were produced by the Passenger class. Cargo class vessels had the largest number of ships estimated to produce high wakes. Egmont Key, a long-eroding barrier island at the mouth of the Bay, was potentially subjected to the highest number of ship wakes and the highest cumulative wake energy. Differences in vessel representation in the two sets of AIS data yielded different distributions of wake energy by vessel class. Some strategies for managing wake energy are discussed.
Steven D. Meyers; Mark E. Luther; Stephanie Ringuet; Gary Raulerson; Ed Sherwood; Katie Conrad; Gianfranco Basili. Ship wakes and their potential shoreline impact in Tampa Bay. Ocean & Coastal Management 2021, 211, 105749 .
AMA StyleSteven D. Meyers, Mark E. Luther, Stephanie Ringuet, Gary Raulerson, Ed Sherwood, Katie Conrad, Gianfranco Basili. Ship wakes and their potential shoreline impact in Tampa Bay. Ocean & Coastal Management. 2021; 211 ():105749.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSteven D. Meyers; Mark E. Luther; Stephanie Ringuet; Gary Raulerson; Ed Sherwood; Katie Conrad; Gianfranco Basili. 2021. "Ship wakes and their potential shoreline impact in Tampa Bay." Ocean & Coastal Management 211, no. : 105749.
Biological assessments have been used for decades to determine ecological conditions in aquatic environments, yet they have not been extensively applied in estuaries that serve as transition zones between freshwater and marine environments. We present the development and validation of a nekton (fish and selected macroinvertebrate) index for annual monitoring of ecosystem health in Tampa Bay, Florida. We relied on long-term fisheries independent monitoring data of the early recruit and juvenile life history stages of nekton in Florida’s inshore waters. A set of metrics that included measures of abundance, species diversity, trophic structure, and taxa of commercial or recreational importance were explored, and a subset was selected via statistical models. Reference conditions specific to each season and management section of the bay were established from the long-term dataset. The final Tampa Bay Nekton Index included five metrics: the total number of taxa, the number of benthic taxa, the number of recreational/commercial fishery taxa, the number of feeding guilds, and the Shannon-Weiner diversity index. Nekton index scores were calculated for each sample and averaged by bay management section and year and then a “stoplight” color-coding system, based on quantiles, was used to group index scores for communication and management. In general, Tampa Bay’s nekton community appears to be resistant to large-scale changes in functional structure. The index was sensitive to a prolonged red tide event but eventually returned to preperturbation levels, indicating nekton community resilience. This index will be incorporated into monitoring and managing strategies of the local estuary program. Because this index was developed specifically for Tampa Bay and relies on bay-specific reference conditions, the index cannot be directly applied to other systems, but the methodology is transferrable so similar indices could be developed for other ecosystems with long-term monitoring data. Furthermore, using regional data, the index could be expanded/developed to assess health status among estuaries to inform decisions on prioritization of limited resources.
Meagan N. Schrandt; Timothy C. MacDonald; Edward T. Sherwood; Marcus W. Beck. A multimetric nekton index for monitoring, managing and communicating ecosystem health status in an urbanized Gulf of Mexico estuary. Ecological Indicators 2021, 123, 107310 .
AMA StyleMeagan N. Schrandt, Timothy C. MacDonald, Edward T. Sherwood, Marcus W. Beck. A multimetric nekton index for monitoring, managing and communicating ecosystem health status in an urbanized Gulf of Mexico estuary. Ecological Indicators. 2021; 123 ():107310.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMeagan N. Schrandt; Timothy C. MacDonald; Edward T. Sherwood; Marcus W. Beck. 2021. "A multimetric nekton index for monitoring, managing and communicating ecosystem health status in an urbanized Gulf of Mexico estuary." Ecological Indicators 123, no. : 107310.
Habitat restoration efforts should integrate past trends, current status, expected climate change and coastal development impacts, remaining realistic opportunities, and resource management community capabilities. Integrating these concepts, a new target setting approach is being implemented in the Tampa Bay region with broad transferability potential. Past changes, as determined through a three-decade habitat change analysis and over forty years of habitat restoration experience in the region, has informed the new approach. It is also primarily focused on what is possible today and the projected needs for the future, rather than focusing on or attempting to replicate past ecological conditions. Likewise, this new paradigm accounts for persistent local and global stressors – especially watershed development, sea level rise, and climate change. As such, newly established numeric targets are “place-based,” meaning that they attempt to maximize the remaining restoration and conservation “opportunity areas” within the watershed. Lastly, the approach is comprehensive in that targets for the range of critical habitats, from subtidal to uplands, are now defined. This approach represents a general framework for addressing competing interests in planning for habitat restoration that could be applied in other coastal settings where sustainable urbanization practices are desired to co-exist with natural environments.
Gary E Raulerson; Douglas E Robison; Marcus W Beck; Maya C Burke; Thomas F Ries; Justin A Saarinen; Christine M Sciarrino; Edward T Sherwood; David A Tomasko. Seizing diminishing habitat conservation and restoration opportunities in the Tampa Bay, FL watershed: An urban estuary in recovery. 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleGary E Raulerson, Douglas E Robison, Marcus W Beck, Maya C Burke, Thomas F Ries, Justin A Saarinen, Christine M Sciarrino, Edward T Sherwood, David A Tomasko. Seizing diminishing habitat conservation and restoration opportunities in the Tampa Bay, FL watershed: An urban estuary in recovery. . 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGary E Raulerson; Douglas E Robison; Marcus W Beck; Maya C Burke; Thomas F Ries; Justin A Saarinen; Christine M Sciarrino; Edward T Sherwood; David A Tomasko. 2020. "Seizing diminishing habitat conservation and restoration opportunities in the Tampa Bay, FL watershed: An urban estuary in recovery." , no. : 1.
In the United States, extensive investments have been made to restore the ecological function and services of coastal marine habitats. Despite a growing body of science supporting coastal restoration, few studies have addressed the suite of societally enabling conditions that helped facilitate successful restoration and recovery efforts that occurred at meaningful ecological (i.e., ecosystem) scales, and where restoration efforts were sustained for longer (i.e., several years to decades) periods. Here, we examined three case studies involving large-scale and long-term restoration efforts including the seagrass restoration effort in Tampa Bay, Florida, the oyster restoration effort in the Chesapeake Bay in Maryland and Virginia, and the tidal marsh restoration effort in San Francisco Bay, California. The ecological systems and the specifics of the ecological restoration were not the focus of our study. Rather, we focused on the underlying social and political contexts of each case study and found common themes of the factors of restoration which appear to be important for maintaining support for large-scale restoration efforts. Four critical elements for sustaining public and/or political support for large-scale restoration include: (1) resources should be invested in building public support prior to significant investments into ecological restoration; (2) building political support provides a level of significance to the recovery planning efforts and creates motivation to set and achieve meaningful recovery goals; (3) recovery plans need to be science-based with clear, measurable goals that resonate with the public; and (4) the accountability of progress toward reaching goals needs to be communicated frequently and in a way that the general public comprehends. These conclusions may help other communities move away from repetitive, single, and seemingly unconnected restoration projects towards more large-scale, bigger impact, and coordinated restoration efforts.
Bryan DeAngelis; Ariana Sutton-Grier; Allison Colden; Katie Arkema; Christopher Baillie; Richard Bennett; Jeff Benoit; Seth Blitch; Anthony Chatwin; Alyssa Dausman; Rachel Gittman; Holly Greening; Jessica Henkel; Rachel Houge; Ron Howard; A. Hughes; Jeremy Lowe; Steven Scyphers; Edward Sherwood; Stephanie Westby; Jonathan Grabowski. Social Factors Key to Landscape-Scale Coastal Restoration: Lessons Learned from Three U.S. Case Studies. Sustainability 2020, 12, 869 .
AMA StyleBryan DeAngelis, Ariana Sutton-Grier, Allison Colden, Katie Arkema, Christopher Baillie, Richard Bennett, Jeff Benoit, Seth Blitch, Anthony Chatwin, Alyssa Dausman, Rachel Gittman, Holly Greening, Jessica Henkel, Rachel Houge, Ron Howard, A. Hughes, Jeremy Lowe, Steven Scyphers, Edward Sherwood, Stephanie Westby, Jonathan Grabowski. Social Factors Key to Landscape-Scale Coastal Restoration: Lessons Learned from Three U.S. Case Studies. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (3):869.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBryan DeAngelis; Ariana Sutton-Grier; Allison Colden; Katie Arkema; Christopher Baillie; Richard Bennett; Jeff Benoit; Seth Blitch; Anthony Chatwin; Alyssa Dausman; Rachel Gittman; Holly Greening; Jessica Henkel; Rachel Houge; Ron Howard; A. Hughes; Jeremy Lowe; Steven Scyphers; Edward Sherwood; Stephanie Westby; Jonathan Grabowski. 2020. "Social Factors Key to Landscape-Scale Coastal Restoration: Lessons Learned from Three U.S. Case Studies." Sustainability 12, no. 3: 869.
Habitat and water quality restoration projects are commonly used to enhance coastal resources or mitigate the negative impacts of water quality stressors. Significant resources have been expended for restoration projects, yet much less attention has focused on evaluating broad regional outcomes beyond site-specific assessments. This study presents an empirical framework to evaluate multiple datasets in the Tampa Bay area (Florida, USA) to identify (1) the types of restoration projects that have produced the greatest improvements in water quality and (2) time frames over which different projects may produce water quality benefits. Information on the location and date of completion of 887 restoration projects from 1971 to 2017 were spatially and temporally matched with water quality records at each of the 45 long-term monitoring stations in Tampa Bay. The underlying assumption was that the developed framework could identify differences in water quality changes between types of restoration projects based on aggregate estimates of chlorophyll-a concentrations before and after the completion of one to many projects. Water infrastructure projects to control point source nutrient loading into the Bay were associated with the highest likelihood of chlorophyll-a reduction, particularly for projects occurring prior to 1995. Habitat restoration projects were also associated with reductions in chlorophyll-a, although the likelihood of reductions from the cumulative effects of these projects were less than those from infrastructure improvements alone. The framework is sufficiently flexible for application to different spatiotemporal contexts and could be used to develop reasonable expectations for implementation of future water quality restoration activities throughout the Gulf of Mexico.
Marcus W. Beck; Edward T. Sherwood; Jessica Renee Henkel; Kirsten Dorans; Kathryn Ireland; Patricia Varela. Assessment of the Cumulative Effects of Restoration Activities on Water Quality in Tampa Bay, Florida. Estuaries and Coasts 2019, 42, 1774 -1791.
AMA StyleMarcus W. Beck, Edward T. Sherwood, Jessica Renee Henkel, Kirsten Dorans, Kathryn Ireland, Patricia Varela. Assessment of the Cumulative Effects of Restoration Activities on Water Quality in Tampa Bay, Florida. Estuaries and Coasts. 2019; 42 (7):1774-1791.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarcus W. Beck; Edward T. Sherwood; Jessica Renee Henkel; Kirsten Dorans; Kathryn Ireland; Patricia Varela. 2019. "Assessment of the Cumulative Effects of Restoration Activities on Water Quality in Tampa Bay, Florida." Estuaries and Coasts 42, no. 7: 1774-1791.
Kimberly K. Yates; Christopher S. Moore; Nathan H. Goldstein; Edward T. Sherwood. Tampa Bay Ocean and Coastal Acidification Monitoring Quality Assurance Project Plan. Open-File Report 2019, 1 .
AMA StyleKimberly K. Yates, Christopher S. Moore, Nathan H. Goldstein, Edward T. Sherwood. Tampa Bay Ocean and Coastal Acidification Monitoring Quality Assurance Project Plan. Open-File Report. 2019; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKimberly K. Yates; Christopher S. Moore; Nathan H. Goldstein; Edward T. Sherwood. 2019. "Tampa Bay Ocean and Coastal Acidification Monitoring Quality Assurance Project Plan." Open-File Report , no. : 1.
368 HIGHLIGHTS Tampa Bay blue carbon ecosystems are currently being restored despite continuing urbanization within the watershed Tampa Bay blue carbon ecosystems have been providing significant carbon sequestration benefits to the estuary over contemporary periods (carbon burial rates range from 0.71 Mg C ha−1 year−1 for salt marsh to 1.78 Mg C ha−1 year−1 for mature mangroves) Continued urbanization and climate change stressors were simulated to potentially change the distribution and extent of blue carbon ecosystems in the future Maintenance and potential future expansion of blue carbon ecosystem in the Tampa Bay estuary will require continuing improvements in bay water quality and allowance/planning for habitat migrations upslope from the developed coast
Edward T. Sherwood; Holly S. Greening; Gary E. Raulerson; Lindsey Sheehan; Dave Tomasko; Doug Robison; Stephen Crooks; Ryan P. Moyer; Kara R. Radabaugh; Stefanie Simpson; Steve Emmett-Mattox; Kimberly Yates. Tampa Bay Estuary Case Study. A Blue Carbon Primer 2018, 367 -381.
AMA StyleEdward T. Sherwood, Holly S. Greening, Gary E. Raulerson, Lindsey Sheehan, Dave Tomasko, Doug Robison, Stephen Crooks, Ryan P. Moyer, Kara R. Radabaugh, Stefanie Simpson, Steve Emmett-Mattox, Kimberly Yates. Tampa Bay Estuary Case Study. A Blue Carbon Primer. 2018; ():367-381.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEdward T. Sherwood; Holly S. Greening; Gary E. Raulerson; Lindsey Sheehan; Dave Tomasko; Doug Robison; Stephen Crooks; Ryan P. Moyer; Kara R. Radabaugh; Stefanie Simpson; Steve Emmett-Mattox; Kimberly Yates. 2018. "Tampa Bay Estuary Case Study." A Blue Carbon Primer , no. : 367-381.
In Tampa Bay, Florida, USA, reduction in wastewater nutrient loading of approximately 90% in the late 1970s resulted in rapid reduction of more than 50% of external total nitrogen loading. Continuing nutrient management actions from public and private sectors are associated with a steadily declining TN load rate since the mid-1980s -- despite an increase of more than 1M people living within the Tampa Bay metropolitan area since then—and with concomitant reduction in chlorophyll-a concentrations and ambient nutrient concentrations. Seagrass extent has increased by more than 65% since the 1980s, and in 2014 exceeded the recovery goal adopted in 1996. There is evidence that Tampa Bay’s successful seagrass recovery may provide additional benefits, including buffering of global ocean acidification trends and increased carbon sequestration, both of which can be important to compensate for negative impacts of CO2 emissions. Maintaining Tampa Bay’s positive trajectory towards recovery will require continued watershed-based nutrient management and community involvement.
Holly Greening; Anthony Janicki; Ed T. Sherwood. Seagrass Recovery in Tampa Bay, Florida (USA). The Wetland Book 2018, 495 -506.
AMA StyleHolly Greening, Anthony Janicki, Ed T. Sherwood. Seagrass Recovery in Tampa Bay, Florida (USA). The Wetland Book. 2018; ():495-506.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHolly Greening; Anthony Janicki; Ed T. Sherwood. 2018. "Seagrass Recovery in Tampa Bay, Florida (USA)." The Wetland Book , no. : 495-506.
In 1995, the Tampa Bay Estuary Program adopted a goal of restoring seagrass areal coverage to 1950s levels after decades of decline. Reaching this goal required collaboration from public and private sectors, and the implementation of over 450 projects (e.g., wastewater upgrades, stormwater improvements, habitat restoration, education, and many others) at an estimated cost of $649 M. Nutrient loading has been cut in half, water clarity is now similar to 1950s levels, and in 2016, 16,857 ha of seagrasses were reported baywide –about 1,480 ha above the original restoration goal. Ongoing monitoring and assessments continue to describe both the total extent and composition of Tampa Bay seagrass beds which guide current management efforts. In addition, ancillary benefits of Tampa Bay’s seagrass resource recovery have started to emerge that will provide additional support and guidance for future management and recovery efforts. Resumen: En 1995, el programa del estuario de la bahía de Tampa adoptó una meta de restaurar la cobertura del pasto marino a los niveles de los años 50 después de décadas de declive. Alcanzar esta meta requería la colaboración de los sectores público y privado y la implementación de más de 450 proyectos (por ejemplo, mejoras de aguas residuales, mejoras de aguas pluviales, restauración de hábitat, educación y muchos otros) a un costo estimado de $649 millones. La carga de nutrientes se ha reducido a la mitad, la claridad del agua ahora es similar a los niveles de los años 50, y en 2016, 16.857 hectáreas de pastos marinos fueron divulgadas a través de la bahía –cerca de 1.480 ha sobre la meta original de la restauración. El monitoreo continuo y las evaluaciones continúan describiendo tanto la extensión total y la composición de los lechos marinos de Tampa Bay que guían los esfuerzos actuales de manejo. Además, los beneficios adicionales de la recuperación de los recursos marinos de la bahía de Tampa Bay han comenzado a surgir, lo que proporcionará apoyo adicional y orientación para futuros esfuerzos de gestión y recuperación.
Edward T. Sherwood; Holly S. Greening; J.O. Roger Johansson; Kristen Kaufman; Gary E. Raulerson. Tampa Bay (Florida, USA): Documenting Seagrass Recovery since the 1980’s and Reviewing the Benefits. Southeastern Geographer 2017, 57, 294 -319.
AMA StyleEdward T. Sherwood, Holly S. Greening, J.O. Roger Johansson, Kristen Kaufman, Gary E. Raulerson. Tampa Bay (Florida, USA): Documenting Seagrass Recovery since the 1980’s and Reviewing the Benefits. Southeastern Geographer. 2017; 57 (3):294-319.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEdward T. Sherwood; Holly S. Greening; J.O. Roger Johansson; Kristen Kaufman; Gary E. Raulerson. 2017. "Tampa Bay (Florida, USA): Documenting Seagrass Recovery since the 1980’s and Reviewing the Benefits." Southeastern Geographer 57, no. 3: 294-319.
In Tampa Bay, Florida, USA, reduction in wastewater nutrient loading of approximately 90 % in the late 1970s resulted in rapid reduction of more than 50 % of external total nitrogen loading. Continuing nutrient management actions from public and private sectors are associated with a steadily declining TN load rate since the mid-1980s -- despite an increase of more than 1M people living within the Tampa Bay metropolitan area since then—and with concomitant reduction in chlorophyll-a concentrations and ambient nutrient concentrations. Seagrass extent has increased by more than 65 % since the 1980s, and in 2014 exceeded the recovery goal adopted in 1996. There is evidence that Tampa Bay’s successful seagrass recovery may provide additional benefits, including buffering of global ocean acidification trends and increased carbon sequestration, both of which can be important to compensate for negative impacts of CO2 emissions. Maintaining Tampa Bay’s positive trajectory towards recovery will require continued watershed-based nutrient management and community involvement.
H. Greening; A. Janicki; E. T. Sherwood. Seagrass Recovery in Tampa Bay, Florida (USA). The Wetland Book 2016, 1 -12.
AMA StyleH. Greening, A. Janicki, E. T. Sherwood. Seagrass Recovery in Tampa Bay, Florida (USA). The Wetland Book. 2016; ():1-12.
Chicago/Turabian StyleH. Greening; A. Janicki; E. T. Sherwood. 2016. "Seagrass Recovery in Tampa Bay, Florida (USA)." The Wetland Book , no. : 1-12.
Edward T. Sherwood; Holly S. Greening; Anthony J. Janicki; David J. Karlen. Tampa Bay estuary: Monitoring long-term recovery through regional partnerships. Regional Studies in Marine Science 2016, 4, 1 -11.
AMA StyleEdward T. Sherwood, Holly S. Greening, Anthony J. Janicki, David J. Karlen. Tampa Bay estuary: Monitoring long-term recovery through regional partnerships. Regional Studies in Marine Science. 2016; 4 ():1-11.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEdward T. Sherwood; Holly S. Greening; Anthony J. Janicki; David J. Karlen. 2016. "Tampa Bay estuary: Monitoring long-term recovery through regional partnerships." Regional Studies in Marine Science 4, no. : 1-11.
Time series of environmental measurements are essential for detecting, measuring and understanding changes in the Earth system and its biological communities. Observational series have accumulated over the past 2–5 decades from measurements across the world's estuaries, bays, lagoons, inland seas and shelf waters influenced by runoff. We synthesize information contained in these time series to develop a global view of changes occurring in marine systems influenced by connectivity to land. Our review is organized around four themes: (i) human activities as drivers of change; (ii) variability of the climate system as a driver of change; (iii) successes, disappointments and challenges of managing change at the sea-land interface; and (iv) discoveries made from observations over time. Multidecadal time series reveal that many of the world's estuarine–coastal ecosystems are in a continuing state of change, and the pace of change is faster than we could have imagined a decade ago. Some have been transformed into novel ecosystems with habitats, biogeochemistry and biological communities outside the natural range of variability. Change takes many forms including linear and nonlinear trends, abrupt state changes and oscillations. The challenge of managing change is daunting in the coastal zone where diverse human pressures are concentrated and intersect with different responses to climate variability over land and over ocean basins. The pace of change in estuarine–coastal ecosystems will likely accelerate as the human population and economies continue to grow and as global climate change accelerates. Wise stewardship of the resources upon which we depend is critically dependent upon a continuing flow of information from observations to measure, understand and anticipate future changes along the world's coastlines.
James E. Cloern; Paulo Abreu; Jacob Carstensen; Laurent Chauvaud; Ragnar Elmgren; Jacques Grall; Holly Greening; John Olov Roger Johansson; Mati Kahru; Edward T. Sherwood; Jie Xu; Kedong Yin. Human activities and climate variability drive fast-paced change across the world's estuarine-coastal ecosystems. Global Change Biology 2015, 22, 513 -529.
AMA StyleJames E. Cloern, Paulo Abreu, Jacob Carstensen, Laurent Chauvaud, Ragnar Elmgren, Jacques Grall, Holly Greening, John Olov Roger Johansson, Mati Kahru, Edward T. Sherwood, Jie Xu, Kedong Yin. Human activities and climate variability drive fast-paced change across the world's estuarine-coastal ecosystems. Global Change Biology. 2015; 22 (2):513-529.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJames E. Cloern; Paulo Abreu; Jacob Carstensen; Laurent Chauvaud; Ragnar Elmgren; Jacques Grall; Holly Greening; John Olov Roger Johansson; Mati Kahru; Edward T. Sherwood; Jie Xu; Kedong Yin. 2015. "Human activities and climate variability drive fast-paced change across the world's estuarine-coastal ecosystems." Global Change Biology 22, no. 2: 513-529.
Water quality monitoring is a cornerstone of environmental protection and ambient monitoring provides managers with the critical data they need to take informed action. Unlike site-specific monitoring that is at the heart of regulatory permit compliance, regional monitoring can provide an integrated, holistic view of the environment, allowing managers to obtain a more complete picture of natural variability and cumulative impacts, and more effectively prioritize management actions. By reviewing four long-standing regional monitoring programs that cover portions of all three coasts in the United States–Chesapeake Bay, Tampa Bay, Southern California Bight, and San Francisco Bay–important insights can be gleaned about the benefits that regional monitoring provides to managers. These insights include the underlying reasons that make regional monitoring programs successful, the challenges to maintain relevance and viability in the face of ever-changing technology, competing demands and shifting management priorities. The lessons learned can help other managers achieve similar successes as they seek to establish and reinvigorate their own monitoring programs.
K. Schiff; P.R. Trowbridge; E.T. Sherwood; P. Tango; R.A. Batiuk. Regional monitoring programs in the United States: Synthesis of four case studies from Pacific, Atlantic, and Gulf Coasts. Regional Studies in Marine Science 2015, 4, A1 -A7.
AMA StyleK. Schiff, P.R. Trowbridge, E.T. Sherwood, P. Tango, R.A. Batiuk. Regional monitoring programs in the United States: Synthesis of four case studies from Pacific, Atlantic, and Gulf Coasts. Regional Studies in Marine Science. 2015; 4 ():A1-A7.
Chicago/Turabian StyleK. Schiff; P.R. Trowbridge; E.T. Sherwood; P. Tango; R.A. Batiuk. 2015. "Regional monitoring programs in the United States: Synthesis of four case studies from Pacific, Atlantic, and Gulf Coasts." Regional Studies in Marine Science 4, no. : A1-A7.
The Tampa Bay estuary is a unique and valued ecosystem that currently thrives between subtropical and temperate climates along Florida’s west-central coast. The watershed is considered urbanized (42 % lands developed); however, a suite of critical coastal habitats still persists. Current management efforts are focused toward restoring the historic balance of these habitat types to a benchmark 1950s period. We have modeled the anticipated changes to a suite of habitats within the Tampa Bay estuary using the sea level affecting marshes model under various sea level rise (SLR) scenarios. Modeled changes to the distribution and coverage of mangrove habitats within the estuary are expected to dominate the overall proportions of future critical coastal habitats. Modeled losses in salt marsh, salt barren, and coastal freshwater wetlands by 2100 will significantly affect the progress achieved in “Restoring the Balance” of these habitat types over recent periods. Future land management and acquisition priorities within the Tampa Bay estuary should consider the impending effects of both continued urbanization within the watershed and climate change. This requires the recognition that: (1) the Tampa Bay estuary is trending towards a mangrove-dominated system; (2) the current management paradigm of “Restoring the Balance” may no longer provide realistic, attainable goals; (3) restoration that creates habitat mosaics will prove more resilient in the future; and (4) establishing subtidal and upslope “refugia” may be a future strategy in this urbanized estuary to allow sensitive habitat types (e.g., seagrass and salt barren) to persist under anticipated climate change and SLR impacts.
Edward T. Sherwood; Holly S. Greening. Potential Impacts and Management Implications of Climate Change on Tampa Bay Estuary Critical Coastal Habitats. Environmental Management 2013, 53, 401 -415.
AMA StyleEdward T. Sherwood, Holly S. Greening. Potential Impacts and Management Implications of Climate Change on Tampa Bay Estuary Critical Coastal Habitats. Environmental Management. 2013; 53 (2):401-415.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEdward T. Sherwood; Holly S. Greening. 2013. "Potential Impacts and Management Implications of Climate Change on Tampa Bay Estuary Critical Coastal Habitats." Environmental Management 53, no. 2: 401-415.
In the Tampa Bay region of Florida, extreme levels of annual and seasonal rainfall are often associated with tropical cyclones and strong El Niño episodes. We used stepwise multiple regression models to describe associations between annual and seasonal rainfall levels and annual, bay-segment mean water clarity (as Secchi depth [m]), chlorophylla (μg I−1), color (pcu), and turbidity (ntu) over a 20-yr period (1985–2004) during which estimated nutrient loadings have been dominated by non-point sources. For most bay segments, variations in annual mean water clarity were associated with variations in chlorophylla concentrations, which were associated in turn with annual or seasonal rainfall. In two bay segments these associations with annual rainfall were superimposed on significant long-term declining trends in chlorophylla. Color was significantly associated with annual rainfall in all bay segments, and in one segment variations in color were the best predictors of variations in water clarity. Turbidity showed a declining trend over time in all bay segments and no association with annual rainfall, and was significantly associated with variations in water clarity in only one bay segment. While chlorophylla, color, and turbidity a affected water clarity to varying degrees, the effects of extreme rainfall events (El Niño events in 1998 and 2003, and multiple tropical cyclone events in 2004) on water clarity were relatively short-lived, persisting for periods of months rather than years. During the 20-yr period addressed in these analyses, declining temporal trends in chlorophylla and turbidity, produced in part by a long-term watershed management program that has focused on curtailing annual loadings of nitrogen and other pollutants, may have helped to prevent the bay as a whole from responding more adversely to the high rainfall periods that occurred in 1998 and 2003–2004.
Gerold Morrison; Edward T. Sherwood; Richard Boler; Joe Barron. Variations in water clarity and chlorophylla in Tampa Bay, Florida, in response to annual rainfall, 1985–2004. Estuaries and Coasts 2006, 29, 926 -931.
AMA StyleGerold Morrison, Edward T. Sherwood, Richard Boler, Joe Barron. Variations in water clarity and chlorophylla in Tampa Bay, Florida, in response to annual rainfall, 1985–2004. Estuaries and Coasts. 2006; 29 (6):926-931.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGerold Morrison; Edward T. Sherwood; Richard Boler; Joe Barron. 2006. "Variations in water clarity and chlorophylla in Tampa Bay, Florida, in response to annual rainfall, 1985–2004." Estuaries and Coasts 29, no. 6: 926-931.
Edward T. Sherwood; Debra J. Murie; Daryl C. Parkyn. Postrelease Rate of Loss of Juvenile Red Drum Stocked out of Season in the Chassahowitzka National Wildlife Refuge, Florida. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 2004, 24, 1469 -1479.
AMA StyleEdward T. Sherwood, Debra J. Murie, Daryl C. Parkyn. Postrelease Rate of Loss of Juvenile Red Drum Stocked out of Season in the Chassahowitzka National Wildlife Refuge, Florida. North American Journal of Fisheries Management. 2004; 24 (4):1469-1479.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEdward T. Sherwood; Debra J. Murie; Daryl C. Parkyn. 2004. "Postrelease Rate of Loss of Juvenile Red Drum Stocked out of Season in the Chassahowitzka National Wildlife Refuge, Florida." North American Journal of Fisheries Management 24, no. 4: 1469-1479.