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Prof. Phatiphat THOUNTHONG
King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Thailand 10800

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Research Keywords & Expertise

0 Battery
0 Fuel Cells
0 Supercapacitors
0 photovoltaic
0 Power electronics and drives

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Battery
photovoltaic
Supercapacitors
Power electronics and drives
Fuel Cells

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Short Biography

Phatiphat Thounthong gained a B.Sc. and M.E. in electrical engineering from King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology North Bangkok (KMITNB), Bangkok, Thailand, in 1996 and 2001, respectively, and a Ph.D. in electrical engineering from the Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine (INPL)-Université de Lorraine, Nancy-Lorraine, France, in 2005. Since 2012, he has been a Full Professor in the Department of Teacher Training in Electrical Engineering, King Mongkut’s University of Technology, North Bangkok. He is the author of 135 scientific papers (including 23 papers in IEEE Transactions/Magazines) published in Scopus, with 3160 citations and h-index = 29 (update: 12 May 2020). His current research interests include power electronics, electric drives, electric vehicles, electrical devices (fuel cells, photovoltaic, wind turbine, batteries, and supercapacitors), non-linear controls, and observers.

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Journal article
Published: 24 August 2021 in Sustainability
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This paper presents the utilization of differential flatness techniques from nonlinear control theory to permanent magnet assisted (PMa) synchronous reluctance motor (SynRM). The significant advantage of the proposed control approach is the potentiality to establish the behavior of the state variable system during the steady-state and transients operations as well. The mathematical models of PMa-SynRM are initially proved by the nonlinear case to show the flatness property. Then, the intelligent proportional-integral (iPI) is utilized as a control law to deal with some inevitable modeling errors and uncertainties for the torque and speed of the motor. Finally, a MicroLab Box dSPACE has been employed to implement the proposed control scheme. A small-scale test bench 1-KW relying on the PMa-SynRM has been designed and developed in the laboratory to approve the proposed control algorithm. The experimental results reflect that the proposed control effectively performs high performance during dynamic operating conditions for the inner torque loop control and outer speed loop control of the motor drive compared to the traditional PI control.

ACS Style

Songklod Sriprang; Nitchamon Poonnoy; Damien Guilbert; Babak Nahid-Mobarakeh; Noureddine Takorabet; Nicu Bizon; Phatiphat Thounthong. Design, Modeling, and Differential Flatness Based Control of Permanent Magnet-Assisted Synchronous Reluctance Motor for e-Vehicle Applications. Sustainability 2021, 13, 9502 .

AMA Style

Songklod Sriprang, Nitchamon Poonnoy, Damien Guilbert, Babak Nahid-Mobarakeh, Noureddine Takorabet, Nicu Bizon, Phatiphat Thounthong. Design, Modeling, and Differential Flatness Based Control of Permanent Magnet-Assisted Synchronous Reluctance Motor for e-Vehicle Applications. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (17):9502.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Songklod Sriprang; Nitchamon Poonnoy; Damien Guilbert; Babak Nahid-Mobarakeh; Noureddine Takorabet; Nicu Bizon; Phatiphat Thounthong. 2021. "Design, Modeling, and Differential Flatness Based Control of Permanent Magnet-Assisted Synchronous Reluctance Motor for e-Vehicle Applications." Sustainability 13, no. 17: 9502.

Journal article
Published: 12 August 2021 in Micromachines
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This report examines the heat and mass transfer in three-dimensional second grade non-Newtonian fluid in the presence of a variable magnetic field. Heat transfer is presented with the involvement of thermal relaxation time and variable thermal conductivity. The generalized theory for mass flux with variable mass diffusion coefficient is considered in the transport of species. The conservation laws are modeled in simplified form via boundary layer theory which results as a system of coupled non-linear partial differential equations. Group similarity analysis is engaged for the conversion of derived conservation laws in the form of highly non-linear ordinary differential equations. The solution is obtained vial optimal homotopy procedure (OHP). The convergence of the scheme is shown through error analysis. The obtained solution is displayed through graphs and tables for different influential parameters.

ACS Style

Muhammad Sohail; Umar Nazir; Omar Bazighifan; Rami Ahmad El-Nabulsi; Mahmoud M. Selim; Hussam Alrabaiah; Phatiphat Thounthong. Significant Involvement of Double Diffusion Theories on Viscoelastic Fluid Comprising Variable Thermophysical Properties. Micromachines 2021, 12, 951 .

AMA Style

Muhammad Sohail, Umar Nazir, Omar Bazighifan, Rami Ahmad El-Nabulsi, Mahmoud M. Selim, Hussam Alrabaiah, Phatiphat Thounthong. Significant Involvement of Double Diffusion Theories on Viscoelastic Fluid Comprising Variable Thermophysical Properties. Micromachines. 2021; 12 (8):951.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Sohail; Umar Nazir; Omar Bazighifan; Rami Ahmad El-Nabulsi; Mahmoud M. Selim; Hussam Alrabaiah; Phatiphat Thounthong. 2021. "Significant Involvement of Double Diffusion Theories on Viscoelastic Fluid Comprising Variable Thermophysical Properties." Micromachines 12, no. 8: 951.

Journal article
Published: 27 July 2021 in Electronics
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The present article proposes a three-phase resonant boost inverter (TPRBI) to feed a permanent magnet brushless DC (PMBLDC) motor at the requested torque with low ripples due to the sinusoidal current injected into the PMBLDC motor. PMBLDC motors have the highest torque-to-weight ratio compared to other motors and are the best choice for electric vehicle applications. Conventionally, these motors are driven by voltage source inverters (VSI) with trapezoidal current injection, introducing unwanted torque ripples. Moreover, due to the buck operation of VSI, an extra power conversion stage is required to elevate the battery voltage level to desired DC-link voltage. This extra stage increases the number of components used, complexity of control and decreases the efficiency and reliability of the overall system. TPRBI injects sinusoidal current in the PMBLDC motor in the proposed method, thus minimizing the torque ripples. The proposed inverter also has an inherent voltage boost characteristic, thus eliminating the extra power conversion stage. The single-stage conversion from DC to boosted sinusoidal AC enhances the system reliability and efficiency and minimizes the cost and weight of the system. A MATLAB/Simulink model is presented along with simulation results and mathematical validation. A comparative evaluation of the proposed system with the conventional VSI-fed PMBLDC motor is presented in terms of induced torque ripples.

ACS Style

Prabhat Tripathi; Vijaya Laxmi; Ritesh Keshri; AmitKumar Jha; Bhargav Appasani; Nicu Bizon; Phatiphat Thounthong. A Three-Phase Resonant Boost Inverter Fed Brushless DC Motor Drive for Electric Vehicles. Electronics 2021, 10, 1799 .

AMA Style

Prabhat Tripathi, Vijaya Laxmi, Ritesh Keshri, AmitKumar Jha, Bhargav Appasani, Nicu Bizon, Phatiphat Thounthong. A Three-Phase Resonant Boost Inverter Fed Brushless DC Motor Drive for Electric Vehicles. Electronics. 2021; 10 (15):1799.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Prabhat Tripathi; Vijaya Laxmi; Ritesh Keshri; AmitKumar Jha; Bhargav Appasani; Nicu Bizon; Phatiphat Thounthong. 2021. "A Three-Phase Resonant Boost Inverter Fed Brushless DC Motor Drive for Electric Vehicles." Electronics 10, no. 15: 1799.

Journal article
Published: 20 July 2021 in Sustainability
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The cascaded connection of power converters in a DC microgrid may cause instabilities. Indeed, power converters operating as external loads exhibit constant power load (CPL) behaviors. In this study, the design of the feedback controller of a multi–cell interleaved fuel cell (FC) step–up power circuit is based on the adaptive Hamiltonian control law. It includes two integral terms to confirm that there is no steady-state error in the DC bus voltage, and to guarantee the current balancing of each input inductor current. The design confirms that the desired equilibrium point is (locally) asymptotically stable by using the Lyapunov stability proof. The control approach is validated via digital simulations and experimental tests performed with a 2500 W FC converter supplied by an FC/reformer size of 2500 W and 50 V.

ACS Style

Phatiphat Thounthong; Pongsiri Mungporn; Babak Nahid-Mobarakeh; Nicu Bizon; Serge Pierfederici; Damien Guilbert. Improved Adaptive Hamiltonian Control Law for Constant Power Load Stability Issue in DC Microgrid: Case Study for Multiphase Interleaved Fuel Cell Boost Converter. Sustainability 2021, 13, 8093 .

AMA Style

Phatiphat Thounthong, Pongsiri Mungporn, Babak Nahid-Mobarakeh, Nicu Bizon, Serge Pierfederici, Damien Guilbert. Improved Adaptive Hamiltonian Control Law for Constant Power Load Stability Issue in DC Microgrid: Case Study for Multiphase Interleaved Fuel Cell Boost Converter. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (14):8093.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Phatiphat Thounthong; Pongsiri Mungporn; Babak Nahid-Mobarakeh; Nicu Bizon; Serge Pierfederici; Damien Guilbert. 2021. "Improved Adaptive Hamiltonian Control Law for Constant Power Load Stability Issue in DC Microgrid: Case Study for Multiphase Interleaved Fuel Cell Boost Converter." Sustainability 13, no. 14: 8093.

Journal article
Published: 18 July 2021 in Electronics
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In this paper, a new control of the DC–DC power converter that interfaces the fuel cell (FC) system with the DC bus of the photovoltaic (PV) power system is proposed to increase the battery lifespan by its operating in charge-sustained mode. Thus, the variability of the PV power and the load demand is compensated by the FC power generated considering the power flows balance on the DC bus. During peak PV power, if the PV power exceeds the load demand, then the excess power on the DC bus will power an electrolyzer. The FC system operation as a backup energy source is optimized using a new fuel economy strategy proposed for fueling regulators. The fuel optimization function considers the fuel efficiency and electrical efficiency of the FC system to maximize fuel economy. The fuel economy obtained in the scenarios considered in this study is compared with reference strategies reported in the literature. For example, under scenarios considered in this paper, the fuel economy is between 4.82–20.71% and 1.64–3.34% compared to a commercial strategy based on static feed-forward (sFF) control and an advanced strategy recently proposed in the literature, respectively.

ACS Style

Nicu Bizon; Phatiphat Thounthong. Multi-Objective Energy Management Strategy for PV/FC Hybrid Power Systems. Electronics 2021, 10, 1721 .

AMA Style

Nicu Bizon, Phatiphat Thounthong. Multi-Objective Energy Management Strategy for PV/FC Hybrid Power Systems. Electronics. 2021; 10 (14):1721.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nicu Bizon; Phatiphat Thounthong. 2021. "Multi-Objective Energy Management Strategy for PV/FC Hybrid Power Systems." Electronics 10, no. 14: 1721.

Journal article
Published: 07 June 2021 in Crystals
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The magnetic dipole effect for thixotropic nanofluid with heat and mass transfer, as well as microorganism concentration past a curved stretching surface, is discussed. The flow is in a porous medium, which describes the Darcy–Forchheimer model. Through similarity transformations, the governing equations of the problem are transformed into non-linear ordinary differential equations, which are then processed using an efficient and powerful method known as the homotopy analysis method. All the embedded parameters are considered when analyzing the problem through solution. The dipole and porosity effects reduce the velocity, while the thixotropic nanofluid parameter increases the velocity. Through the dipole and radiation effects, the temperature is enhanced. The nanoparticles concentration increases as the Biot number and curvature, solutal, chemical reaction parameters increase, while it decreases with increasing Schmidt number. The microorganism motile density decreases as the Peclet and Lewis numbers increase. Streamlines demonstrate that the trapping on the curved stretched surface is uniform.

ACS Style

Noor Khan; Auwalu Usman; Arif Sohail; Abid Hussanan; Qayyum Shah; Naeem Ullah; Poom Kumam; Phatiphat Thounthong; Usa Humphries. A Framework for the Magnetic Dipole Effect on the Thixotropic Nanofluid Flow Past a Continuous Curved Stretched Surface. Crystals 2021, 11, 645 .

AMA Style

Noor Khan, Auwalu Usman, Arif Sohail, Abid Hussanan, Qayyum Shah, Naeem Ullah, Poom Kumam, Phatiphat Thounthong, Usa Humphries. A Framework for the Magnetic Dipole Effect on the Thixotropic Nanofluid Flow Past a Continuous Curved Stretched Surface. Crystals. 2021; 11 (6):645.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Noor Khan; Auwalu Usman; Arif Sohail; Abid Hussanan; Qayyum Shah; Naeem Ullah; Poom Kumam; Phatiphat Thounthong; Usa Humphries. 2021. "A Framework for the Magnetic Dipole Effect on the Thixotropic Nanofluid Flow Past a Continuous Curved Stretched Surface." Crystals 11, no. 6: 645.

Research article
Published: 26 May 2021 in Complexity
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Fractional partial differential equation models are frequently used to several physical phenomena. Despite the ability to express many complex phenomena in different disciplines, researchers have found that multiterm time-fractional PDEs improve the modeling accuracy for describing diffusion processes in contrast to the results of a single term. Nowadays, it attracts the attention of the active researchers. The aim of this work is concerned with the approximate numerical solutions of the three-term time-fractional Sobolev model equation using computationally attractive and reliable technique, known as a local meshless method. Because of the meshless character and the simple application in higher dimensions, there is a growing interest in meshless techniques. To assess the reliability and accuracy of the proposed method, three test problems and two types of irregular domains are taken into account.

ACS Style

Bander N. Almutairi; Ahmed E. Abouelregal; Bandar Bin-Mohsin; M. D. Alsulami; Phatiphat Thounthong. Numerical Solution of the Multiterm Time-Fractional Model for Heat Conductivity by Local Meshless Technique. Complexity 2021, 2021, 1 -10.

AMA Style

Bander N. Almutairi, Ahmed E. Abouelregal, Bandar Bin-Mohsin, M. D. Alsulami, Phatiphat Thounthong. Numerical Solution of the Multiterm Time-Fractional Model for Heat Conductivity by Local Meshless Technique. Complexity. 2021; 2021 ():1-10.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bander N. Almutairi; Ahmed E. Abouelregal; Bandar Bin-Mohsin; M. D. Alsulami; Phatiphat Thounthong. 2021. "Numerical Solution of the Multiterm Time-Fractional Model for Heat Conductivity by Local Meshless Technique." Complexity 2021, no. : 1-10.

Journal article
Published: 13 May 2021 in Sustainability
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This paper presents an analysis on the effect of a parasitic capacitance full-bridge class-D current source rectifier (FB-CDCSR) on a high step-up push–pull multiresonant converter (HSPPMRC). The proposed converter can provide high voltage for a 12 VDC battery using an isolated transformer and an FB-CDCSR. The main switches of the push–pull and diode full-bridge rectifier can be operated under a zero-current switching condition (ZCS). The advantages of this technique are that it uses a leakage inductance to achieve the ZCS for the power switch, and the leakage inductance and parasitic junction capacitance are used to design the secondary side of the resonant circuit. A prototype HSPPMRC was built and operated at 200 kHz fixed switching frequency, 340 VDC output voltage, and 250 W output power. In addition, the efficiency is equal to 96% at maximum load. Analysis of the effect of the parasitic junction capacitance on the full-bridge rectifier indicates that it has a significant impact on the operating point of the resonant tank and voltage. The proposed circuit design was verified via experimental results, which were found to be in agreement with the theoretical analysis.

ACS Style

Anusak Bilsalam; Chainarin Ekkaravarodome; Viboon Chunkag; Phatiphat Thounthong. Analyzing the Effect of Parasitic Capacitance in a Full-Bridge Class-D Current Source Rectifier on a High Step-Up Push–Pull Multiresonant Converter. Sustainability 2021, 13, 5477 .

AMA Style

Anusak Bilsalam, Chainarin Ekkaravarodome, Viboon Chunkag, Phatiphat Thounthong. Analyzing the Effect of Parasitic Capacitance in a Full-Bridge Class-D Current Source Rectifier on a High Step-Up Push–Pull Multiresonant Converter. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (10):5477.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Anusak Bilsalam; Chainarin Ekkaravarodome; Viboon Chunkag; Phatiphat Thounthong. 2021. "Analyzing the Effect of Parasitic Capacitance in a Full-Bridge Class-D Current Source Rectifier on a High Step-Up Push–Pull Multiresonant Converter." Sustainability 13, no. 10: 5477.

Journal article
Published: 11 April 2021 in Electronics
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In this article a new active control driver circuit is designed using the second-generation current conveyor for the satellite’s torquer system. The torquer plays an important role in the attitude control of the satellite. Based on the magneto-meter data, the satellite’s microprocessor calculates the required current for the torque and sends a reference command. A close loop control system is designed, which generates the desired output current. The parameters of the controller are optimized using a variant of the well-known evolutionary algorithm, the genetic algorithm (GA). This variant is known as the segmented GA. The controller is experimentally implemented using the commercially available integrated circuit, the AD844. The error between the experimental and simulation results has RMS values in range of 0.01–0.16 A for the output current and 0.41–0.6 V for the output voltage. It has mean value of 0.01 A for the output current and has mean values in the range of 0.33–0.48 V for the output voltage. It has standard deviation of 0.01 A for the output current and standard deviations in the range of 0.24–0.35 V for the output voltage. Thus, there is a close match between the simulation and experimental results, validating the design approach. These designs have many practical applications, particularly for nanosatellites powered by photovoltaic panels.

ACS Style

Vijay Verma; Rajeev Ranjan; Pallav Prince; Bhargav Appasani; Nicu Bizon; Phatiphat Thounthong. A New Active Control Driver Circuit for Satellite’s Torquer System Using Second Generation Current Conveyor. Electronics 2021, 10, 911 .

AMA Style

Vijay Verma, Rajeev Ranjan, Pallav Prince, Bhargav Appasani, Nicu Bizon, Phatiphat Thounthong. A New Active Control Driver Circuit for Satellite’s Torquer System Using Second Generation Current Conveyor. Electronics. 2021; 10 (8):911.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Vijay Verma; Rajeev Ranjan; Pallav Prince; Bhargav Appasani; Nicu Bizon; Phatiphat Thounthong. 2021. "A New Active Control Driver Circuit for Satellite’s Torquer System Using Second Generation Current Conveyor." Electronics 10, no. 8: 911.

Journal article
Published: 25 March 2021 in Mathematics
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The load frequency control (LFC) and tie-line power are the key deciding factors to evaluate the performance of a multiarea power system. In this paper, the performance analysis of a two-area power system is presented. This analysis is based on two performance metrics: LFC and tie-line power. The power system consists of a thermal plant generation system and a hydro plant generation system. The performance is evaluated by designing a proportional plus integral (PI) controller. The hybrid gravitational search with firefly algorithm (hGFA) has been devised to achieve proper tuning of the controller parameter. The designed algorithm involves integral time absolute error (ITAE) as an objective function. For two-area hydrothermal power systems, the load frequency and tie-line power are correlated with the system generation capacity and the load. Any deviation in the generation and in the load capacity causes variations in the load frequencies, as well as in the tie-line power. Variations from the nominal value may hamper the operation of the power system with adverse consequences. Hence, performance of the hydrothermal power system is analyzed using the simulations based on the step load change. To elucidate the efficacy of the hGFA, the performance is compared with some of the well-known optimization techniques, namely, particle swarm optimization (PSO), genetic algorithm (GA), gravitational search algorithm (GSA) and the firefly algorithm (FA).

ACS Style

Deepak Gupta; Ankit Soni; AmitKumar Jha; Sunil Mishra; Bhargav Appasani; Avireni Srinivasulu; Nicu Bizon; Phatiphat Thounthong. Hybrid Gravitational–Firefly Algorithm-Based Load Frequency Control for Hydrothermal Two-Area System. Mathematics 2021, 9, 712 .

AMA Style

Deepak Gupta, Ankit Soni, AmitKumar Jha, Sunil Mishra, Bhargav Appasani, Avireni Srinivasulu, Nicu Bizon, Phatiphat Thounthong. Hybrid Gravitational–Firefly Algorithm-Based Load Frequency Control for Hydrothermal Two-Area System. Mathematics. 2021; 9 (7):712.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Deepak Gupta; Ankit Soni; AmitKumar Jha; Sunil Mishra; Bhargav Appasani; Avireni Srinivasulu; Nicu Bizon; Phatiphat Thounthong. 2021. "Hybrid Gravitational–Firefly Algorithm-Based Load Frequency Control for Hydrothermal Two-Area System." Mathematics 9, no. 7: 712.

Journal article
Published: 12 March 2021 in Energies
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The automatic load frequency control for multi-area power systems has been a challenging task for power system engineers. The complexity of this task further increases with the incorporation of multiple sources of power generation. For multi-source power system, this paper presents a new heuristic-based hybrid optimization technique to achieve the objective of automatic load frequency control. In particular, the proposed optimization technique regulates the frequency deviation and the tie-line power in multi-source power system. The proposed optimization technique uses the main features of three different optimization techniques, namely, the Firefly Algorithm (FA), the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), and the Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA). The proposed algorithm was used to tune the parameters of a Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller to achieve the automatic load frequency control of the multi-source power system. The integral time absolute error was used as the objective function. Moreover, the controller was also tuned to ensure that the tie-line power and the frequency of the multi-source power system were within the acceptable limits. A two-area power system was designed using MATLAB-Simulink tool, consisting of three types of power sources, viz., thermal power plant, hydro power plant, and gas-turbine power plant. The overall efficacy of the proposed algorithm was tested for two different case studies. In the first case study, both the areas were subjected to a load increment of 0.01 p.u. In the second case, the two areas were subjected to different load increments of 0.03 p.u and 0.02 p.u, respectively. Furthermore, the settling time and the peak overshoot were considered to measure the effect on the frequency deviation and on the tie-line response. For the first case study, the settling times for the frequency deviation in area-1, the frequency deviation in area-2, and the tie-line power flow were 8.5 s, 5.5 s, and 3.0 s, respectively. In comparison, these values were 8.7 s, 6.1 s, and 5.5 s, using PSO; 8.7 s, 7.2 s, and 6.5 s, using FA; and 9.0 s, 8.0 s, and 11.0 s using GSA. Similarly, for case study II, these values were: 5.5 s, 5.6 s, and 5.1 s, using the proposed algorithm; 6.2 s, 6.3 s, and 5.3 s, using PSO; 7.0 s, 6.5 s, and 10.0 s, using FA; and 8.5 s, 7.5 s, and 12.0 s, using GSA. Thus, the proposed algorithm performed better than the other techniques.

ACS Style

Deepak Gupta; AmitKumar Jha; Bhargav Appasani; Avireni Srinivasulu; Nicu Bizon; Phatiphat Thounthong. Load Frequency Control Using Hybrid Intelligent Optimization Technique for Multi-Source Power Systems. Energies 2021, 14, 1581 .

AMA Style

Deepak Gupta, AmitKumar Jha, Bhargav Appasani, Avireni Srinivasulu, Nicu Bizon, Phatiphat Thounthong. Load Frequency Control Using Hybrid Intelligent Optimization Technique for Multi-Source Power Systems. Energies. 2021; 14 (6):1581.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Deepak Gupta; AmitKumar Jha; Bhargav Appasani; Avireni Srinivasulu; Nicu Bizon; Phatiphat Thounthong. 2021. "Load Frequency Control Using Hybrid Intelligent Optimization Technique for Multi-Source Power Systems." Energies 14, no. 6: 1581.

Journal article
Published: 11 March 2021 in Mathematics
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A new real-time strategy is proposed in this article to optimize the hydrogen utilization of a fuel cell vehicle, by switching the control references of fueling regulators, based on load-following. The advantages of this strategy are discussed and compared, with advanced strategies that also use the aforementioned load-following mode regulator of fueling controllers, but in the entire loading range, respectively, with a benchmark strategy utilizing the static feed-forward control of fueling controllers. Additionally, the advantages of energy-storage function in a charge-sustained mode, such as a longer service life and reduced size due to the implementation of the proposed switching strategy, are presented for the dynamic profiles across the entire load range. The optimization function was designed to improve the fuel economy by adding to the total power of the fuel utilization efficiency (in a weighted way). The proposed optimization loop will seek the reference value to control the fueling regulator in real-time, which is not regulated by a load-following approach. The best switching threshold between the high and low loading scales were obtained using a sensitivity analysis carried out for both fixed and dynamic loads. The results obtained were promising—(1) the fuel economy was two-times higher than the advanced strategies mentioned above; and (2) the total fuel consumption was 13% lower than the static feed-forward strategy. This study opens new research directions for fuel cell vehicles, such as for obtaining the best fuel economy or estimating fuel consumption up to the first refueling station on the planned road.

ACS Style

Nicu Bizon; Phatiphat Thounthong. A Simple and Safe Strategy for Improving the Fuel Economy of a Fuel Cell Vehicle. Mathematics 2021, 9, 604 .

AMA Style

Nicu Bizon, Phatiphat Thounthong. A Simple and Safe Strategy for Improving the Fuel Economy of a Fuel Cell Vehicle. Mathematics. 2021; 9 (6):604.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nicu Bizon; Phatiphat Thounthong. 2021. "A Simple and Safe Strategy for Improving the Fuel Economy of a Fuel Cell Vehicle." Mathematics 9, no. 6: 604.

Review
Published: 09 March 2021 in Sustainability
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Networked control systems (NCSs) are attracting the attention of control system engineers. The NCS has created a paradigm shift in control system technology. An NCS consists of control loops joined through communication networks in which both the control signal and the feedback signal are exchanged between the system and the controller. However, its materialization faces several challenges as it requires the integration of advanced control and communication techniques. This paper presents an extensive review of NCSs from the perspective of control system design. The evolution of NCSs is broadly divided in three phases, namely NCSs prior to 2000, NCSs during 2001–2010, and NCSs from 2011 onwards. This division corresponds to the initial status, intermediate status, and the recent status of the developments in the design of NCSs. The advancement of different control techniques during these phases has been discussed comprehensively. This paper also describes the transition of control systems form continuous domain to networked domain, which makes it better than the traditional control systems. Some important practical applications, which have been implemented using NCSs, have also been discussed. The thrust areas for future research on NCS have also been identified.

ACS Style

Mayank Gautam; Avadh Pati; Sunil Mishra; Bhargav Appasani; Ersan Kabalci; Nicu Bizon; Phatiphat Thounthong. A Comprehensive Review of the Evolution of Networked Control System Technology and Its Future Potentials. Sustainability 2021, 13, 2962 .

AMA Style

Mayank Gautam, Avadh Pati, Sunil Mishra, Bhargav Appasani, Ersan Kabalci, Nicu Bizon, Phatiphat Thounthong. A Comprehensive Review of the Evolution of Networked Control System Technology and Its Future Potentials. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (5):2962.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mayank Gautam; Avadh Pati; Sunil Mishra; Bhargav Appasani; Ersan Kabalci; Nicu Bizon; Phatiphat Thounthong. 2021. "A Comprehensive Review of the Evolution of Networked Control System Technology and Its Future Potentials." Sustainability 13, no. 5: 2962.

Regular article
Published: 01 March 2021 in The European Physical Journal Plus
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In this study, a mathematical model for rotating thermal nanobeams is presented. A system of equations is derived that describes the thermoelastic behaviour of rotating nanoscale beams. The proposed model is based on Eringen’s nonlocal elasticity theory, Euler–Bernoulli's assumptions, and generalized thermoelasticity with two different phase lags. The nanoscale beam material is completely surrounded by an axial magnetic field and exposed to a time-dependent variable temperature field. The Laplace transform in the state-space approach is employed to solve the problem studied. Because of the difficulty in finding the inversion of the Laplace transforms, it was obtained numerically using one of the techniques based on the technique of the Fourier series expansion. The significance of different parameters such as the rotational angular velocity, nonlocal parameter, temperature change, and magnetic field on the nanobeam response has been investigated. Moreover, the results obtained are verified with the corresponding results from the literature.

ACS Style

Ahmed E. Abouelregal; Hijaz Ahmad; Khaled A. Gepreeld; Phatiphat Thounthong. Modelling of vibrations of rotating nanoscale beams surrounded by a magnetic field and subjected to a harmonic thermal field using a state-space approach. The European Physical Journal Plus 2021, 136, 1 -23.

AMA Style

Ahmed E. Abouelregal, Hijaz Ahmad, Khaled A. Gepreeld, Phatiphat Thounthong. Modelling of vibrations of rotating nanoscale beams surrounded by a magnetic field and subjected to a harmonic thermal field using a state-space approach. The European Physical Journal Plus. 2021; 136 (3):1-23.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ahmed E. Abouelregal; Hijaz Ahmad; Khaled A. Gepreeld; Phatiphat Thounthong. 2021. "Modelling of vibrations of rotating nanoscale beams surrounded by a magnetic field and subjected to a harmonic thermal field using a state-space approach." The European Physical Journal Plus 136, no. 3: 1-23.

Journal article
Published: 14 January 2021 in IEEE Access
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The core determination of this article is to investigate the augmentation in the radiative heat transfer rate of Fe3O4 - MoS2 - H2O hybrid nanofluid specifying a flow over an inclined plate subject to ramped heating and heat generation/consumption effects. The flow of considered hybrid nanofluid is developed due to the ramped motion of the inclined plate that encounters the magnetic effects and immersed in a porous material. The fractional form of energy and momentum equations is obtained by employing the concept of the Atangana-Baleanu fractional derivative. Some unit-free quantities are introduced and the Laplace transform method is operated to construct the exact solutions of these equations. The noteworthy physical significance of involved parameters is discussed with the aid of graphical illustrations. To analyze the behavior of shear stress and heat transfer rate, numerical computations are tabulated in terms of skin friction coefficient and Nusselt number. All the figures and tables are prepared for both ramped and isothermal boundary conditions to highlight the impacts of the ramped heating condition and ramped motion of the inclined plate. It is observed that a water-based hybrid nanofluid that contains equal proportions of Fe3O4 and MoS2 nanoparticles exhibits an improvement of 6.14% in the heat transfer rate. The motion of hybrid nanofluid is retarded by fractional and inclination parameters, whereas the thermal radiation parameter serves as a flow supportive factor. Moreover, it is realized that ramping of the boundary surface and the fractional model are more effective for enhancing the heat transfer rate and limiting the shear stress. This result accentuates the significance of ramping technique in achieving a faster cooling rate and better flow control for various engineering applications.

ACS Style

Talha Anwar; Poom Kumam; Phatiphat Thounthong. Fractional Modeling and Exact Solutions to Analyze Thermal Performance of Fe3O4-MoS2-Water Hybrid Nanofluid Flow Over an Inclined Surface With Ramped Heating and Ramped Boundary Motion. IEEE Access 2021, 9, 12389 -12404.

AMA Style

Talha Anwar, Poom Kumam, Phatiphat Thounthong. Fractional Modeling and Exact Solutions to Analyze Thermal Performance of Fe3O4-MoS2-Water Hybrid Nanofluid Flow Over an Inclined Surface With Ramped Heating and Ramped Boundary Motion. IEEE Access. 2021; 9 (99):12389-12404.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Talha Anwar; Poom Kumam; Phatiphat Thounthong. 2021. "Fractional Modeling and Exact Solutions to Analyze Thermal Performance of Fe3O4-MoS2-Water Hybrid Nanofluid Flow Over an Inclined Surface With Ramped Heating and Ramped Boundary Motion." IEEE Access 9, no. 99: 12389-12404.

Journal article
Published: 12 January 2021 in IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy
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Rapid developments in hydrogen fuel cell (FC) energy and DC microgrid systems have extended the applications of multiphase parallel interleaved step-up converters for stabilizing DC bus voltages. DC microgrid applications include vehicle systems, shipboard power systems, and more electric aircraft, which generate power at low voltage levels. The cascade architecture of a power converter in a DC microgrid may cause large oscillations and imbalance given that converters considered as loads have constant power load characteristics. In this work, output DC bus voltage stabilization and current sharing of a multiphase parallel-interleaved-FC boost converter is presented. The proposed robust controller with added integrator action is based on the HamiltonianLyapunov function. The efficacy and robustness of the designed controller were successfully authenticated by experimental results obtained using a 2.5 kW prototype FC converter (via four-phase parallel-interleaved boost converters) and the dSPACE MicroLabBox platform. The main source of the FC is based on a fuel reformer engine that converts fuel methanol and water into H2 gas in a polymer-electrolyte-membrane-FC stack (50 V, 2.5 kW).

ACS Style

Phatiphat Thounthong; Pongsiri Mungporn; Serge Pierfederici; Damien Guilbert; Noureddine Takorabet; Babak Nahid-Mobarakeh; Yihua Hu; Nicu Bizon; Yigeng Huangfu; Poom Kumam; Piyabut Burikham. Robust Hamiltonian Energy Control Based on Lyapunov Function for Four-Phase Parallel Fuel Cell Boost Converter for DC Microgrid Applications. IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy 2021, 12, 1500 -1511.

AMA Style

Phatiphat Thounthong, Pongsiri Mungporn, Serge Pierfederici, Damien Guilbert, Noureddine Takorabet, Babak Nahid-Mobarakeh, Yihua Hu, Nicu Bizon, Yigeng Huangfu, Poom Kumam, Piyabut Burikham. Robust Hamiltonian Energy Control Based on Lyapunov Function for Four-Phase Parallel Fuel Cell Boost Converter for DC Microgrid Applications. IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy. 2021; 12 (3):1500-1511.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Phatiphat Thounthong; Pongsiri Mungporn; Serge Pierfederici; Damien Guilbert; Noureddine Takorabet; Babak Nahid-Mobarakeh; Yihua Hu; Nicu Bizon; Yigeng Huangfu; Poom Kumam; Piyabut Burikham. 2021. "Robust Hamiltonian Energy Control Based on Lyapunov Function for Four-Phase Parallel Fuel Cell Boost Converter for DC Microgrid Applications." IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy 12, no. 3: 1500-1511.

Review
Published: 05 January 2021 in Energies
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With the development of technologies in recent decades and the imposition of international standards to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, car manufacturers have turned their attention to new technologies related to electric/hybrid vehicles and electric fuel cell vehicles. This paper focuses on electric fuel cell vehicles, which optimally combine the fuel cell system with hybrid energy storage systems, represented by batteries and ultracapacitors, to meet the dynamic power demand required by the electric motor and auxiliary systems. This paper compares the latest proposed topologies for fuel cell electric vehicles and reveals the new technologies and DC/DC converters involved to generate up-to-date information for researchers and developers interested in this specialized field. From a software point of view, the latest energy management strategies are analyzed and compared with the reference strategies, taking into account performance indicators such as energy efficiency, hydrogen consumption and degradation of the subsystems involved, which is the main challenge for car developers. The advantages and disadvantages of three types of strategies (rule-based strategies, optimization-based strategies and learning-based strategies) are discussed. Thus, future software developers can focus on new control algorithms in the area of artificial intelligence developed to meet the challenges posed by new technologies for autonomous vehicles.

ACS Style

Ioan-Sorin Sorlei; Nicu Bizon; Phatiphat Thounthong; Mihai Varlam; Elena Carcadea; Mihai Culcer; Mariana Iliescu; Mircea Raceanu. Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles—A Brief Review of Current Topologies and Energy Management Strategies. Energies 2021, 14, 252 .

AMA Style

Ioan-Sorin Sorlei, Nicu Bizon, Phatiphat Thounthong, Mihai Varlam, Elena Carcadea, Mihai Culcer, Mariana Iliescu, Mircea Raceanu. Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles—A Brief Review of Current Topologies and Energy Management Strategies. Energies. 2021; 14 (1):252.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ioan-Sorin Sorlei; Nicu Bizon; Phatiphat Thounthong; Mihai Varlam; Elena Carcadea; Mihai Culcer; Mariana Iliescu; Mircea Raceanu. 2021. "Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles—A Brief Review of Current Topologies and Energy Management Strategies." Energies 14, no. 1: 252.

Journal article
Published: 27 November 2020 in Crystals
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To achieve considerably high thermal conductivity, hybrid nanofluids are some of the best alternatives that can be considered as renewable energy resources and as replacements for the traditional ways of heat transfer through fluids. The subject of the present work is to probe the heat and mass transfer flow of an ethylene glycol based hybrid nanofluid (Au-ZnO/C22H6O22) in three dimensions with homogeneous-heterogeneous chemical reactions and the nanoparticle shape factor. The applications of appropriate similarity transformations are done to make the corresponding non-dimensional equations, which are used in the analytic computation through the homotopy analysis method (HAM). Graphical representations are shown for the behaviors of the parameters and profiles. The hybrid nanofluid (Au-ZnO/C22H6O2) has a great influence on the flow, temperature, and cubic autocatalysis chemical reactions. The axial velocity and the heat transfer increase and the concentration of the cubic autocatalytic chemical reactions decreases with increasing stretching parameters. The tangential velocity and the concentration of cubic autocatalytic chemical reactions decrease and the heat transfer increases with increasing Reynolds number. A close agreement of the present work with the published study is achieved.

ACS Style

Noor Saeed Khan; Poom Kumam; Phatiphat Thounthong. Computational Approach to Dynamic Systems through Similarity Measure and Homotopy Analysis Method for Renewable Energy. Crystals 2020, 10, 1086 .

AMA Style

Noor Saeed Khan, Poom Kumam, Phatiphat Thounthong. Computational Approach to Dynamic Systems through Similarity Measure and Homotopy Analysis Method for Renewable Energy. Crystals. 2020; 10 (12):1086.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Noor Saeed Khan; Poom Kumam; Phatiphat Thounthong. 2020. "Computational Approach to Dynamic Systems through Similarity Measure and Homotopy Analysis Method for Renewable Energy." Crystals 10, no. 12: 1086.

Journal article
Published: 23 November 2020 in Applied Sciences
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In this study, the performance and safe operation of the fuel cell (FC) system and battery-based energy storage system (ESS) included in an FC/ESS/renewable hybrid power system (HPS) is fully analyzed under dynamic load and variable power from renewable sources. Power-following control (PFC) is used for either the air regulator or the fuel regulator of the FC system, or it is switched to the inputs of the air and hydrogen regulators based on a threshold of load demand; these strategies are referred to as air-PFC, fuel-PFC, and air/fuel-PFC, respectively. The performance and safe operation of the FC system and battery-based ESS under these strategies is compared to the static feed-forward (sFF) control used by most commercial strategies implemented in FC systems, FC/renewable HPSs, and FC vehicles. This study highlights the benefits of using a PFC-based strategy to establish FC-system fueling flows, in addition to an optimal control of the boost power converter to maximize fuel economy. For example, the fuel economy for a 6 kW FC system using the air/fuel-PFC strategy compared to the strategies air-PFC, fuel-PFC, and the sFF benchmark is 6.60%, 7.53%, and 12.60% of the total hydrogen consumed by these strategies under a load profile of up and down the stairs using 1 kW/2 s per step. For an FC/ESS/renewable system, the fuel economy of an air/fuel-PFC strategy compared to same strategies is 7.28%, 8.23%, and 13.43%, which is better by about 0.7% because an FC system operates at lower power due to the renewable energy available in this case study.

ACS Style

Nicu Bizon; Mihai Oproescu; Phatiphat Thounthong; Mihai Varlam; Elena Carcadea; Mihai Culcer; Mariana Iliescu; Maria Simona Raboaca; Ioan Sorin Sorlei. Improving the Fuel Economy and Battery Lifespan in Fuel Cell/Renewable Hybrid Power Systems Using the Power-Following Control of the Fueling Regulators. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 8310 .

AMA Style

Nicu Bizon, Mihai Oproescu, Phatiphat Thounthong, Mihai Varlam, Elena Carcadea, Mihai Culcer, Mariana Iliescu, Maria Simona Raboaca, Ioan Sorin Sorlei. Improving the Fuel Economy and Battery Lifespan in Fuel Cell/Renewable Hybrid Power Systems Using the Power-Following Control of the Fueling Regulators. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (22):8310.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nicu Bizon; Mihai Oproescu; Phatiphat Thounthong; Mihai Varlam; Elena Carcadea; Mihai Culcer; Mariana Iliescu; Maria Simona Raboaca; Ioan Sorin Sorlei. 2020. "Improving the Fuel Economy and Battery Lifespan in Fuel Cell/Renewable Hybrid Power Systems Using the Power-Following Control of the Fueling Regulators." Applied Sciences 10, no. 22: 8310.

Journal article
Published: 20 November 2020 in Sustainability
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In this paper, four fuel economy strategies using power tracking control of the fuel cell boost converter and fuel cell optimization through the control of the fueling regulators were analyzed. The performance and safe operation in conditions of load disturbances and variations of renewable energy were considered. A benchmark strategy was used as a well-known strategy, which was based on the static feed-forward control of the fueling regulators. One of the four strategies is new and was based on switching the optimization reference to air and fuel regulators based on a threshold of the required power from the fuel cell system. The advantages of using the power tracking control and the optimization based on two variables instead of one are highlighted in sizing the battery capacity and its lifetime, and obtaining fuel economy respectively. The percentages of fuel economy for the analyzed strategies compared to the reference strategy are between 2.83% and 4.36%, and between 7.69% and 12.94%, in the case of a dynamic load cycle with an average of 5 kW and 2.5 kW, respectively.

ACS Style

Nicu Bizon; Phatiphat Thounthong; Damien Guilbert. Efficient Operation of the Hybrid Power System Using an Optimal Fueling Strategy and Control of the Fuel Cell Power Based on the Required Power Tracking Algorithm. Sustainability 2020, 12, 9690 .

AMA Style

Nicu Bizon, Phatiphat Thounthong, Damien Guilbert. Efficient Operation of the Hybrid Power System Using an Optimal Fueling Strategy and Control of the Fuel Cell Power Based on the Required Power Tracking Algorithm. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (22):9690.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nicu Bizon; Phatiphat Thounthong; Damien Guilbert. 2020. "Efficient Operation of the Hybrid Power System Using an Optimal Fueling Strategy and Control of the Fuel Cell Power Based on the Required Power Tracking Algorithm." Sustainability 12, no. 22: 9690.