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Additive manufacturing (AM), owing to its unique layer-wise production method, can offer evident advantages such as faster production, lower cost, and less waste compared to traditional manufacturing (TM) technologies. The uses of AM in rapid tooling, prototyping, and manufacturing have been innovating the current manufacturing industry from the process level to the entire supply chain. Most existing research on AM is focused on process improvement and new materials, largely neglecting the potential economic and environmental benefits enabled by AM supply chains. This research investigates an innovative supply chain structure, i.e., the integrated production-inventory-transportation (PIT) structure that is uniquely enabled by AM because of its capability of fabricating the entire product with less or even no need for assembly and labor involvement. This paper quantifies and compares the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of TM and AM-enabled PIT supply chains. Since the manufacturing industry is a major source of GHG emissions in the U.S., it needs to be thoroughly studied to explore opportunities for reducing GHG emissions for environmental protection. Case study results suggest that a potential reduction of 26.43% of GHG emissions can be achieved by adopting the AM-enabled PIT supply chain structure. Sensitivity analysis results show that a 20% variation in GHG emission intensity (the amount of CO2eq emissions caused by generating a unit of electricity) can lead to a 6.26% change in the total GHG emissions from the AM-enabled PIT supply chain.
Lei Di; Yiran Yang. Greenhouse Gas Emission Analysis of Integrated Production-Inventory-Transportation Supply Chain Enabled by Additive Manufacturing. Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 2021, 144, 1 -14.
AMA StyleLei Di, Yiran Yang. Greenhouse Gas Emission Analysis of Integrated Production-Inventory-Transportation Supply Chain Enabled by Additive Manufacturing. Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering. 2021; 144 (3):1-14.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLei Di; Yiran Yang. 2021. "Greenhouse Gas Emission Analysis of Integrated Production-Inventory-Transportation Supply Chain Enabled by Additive Manufacturing." Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 144, no. 3: 1-14.
Additive manufacturing technologies have been adopted in a wide range of industries such as automotive, aerospace, and consumer products. Currently, additive manufacturing is mainly used for small-scale, low volume productions due to its limitations such as high unit cost. To enhance the scalability of additive manufacturing, it is critical to evaluate and preferably reduce the cost of adopting additive manufacturing for production. The current literature on additive manufacturing cost mainly adopts empirical approaches and does not sufficiently explore the cost-saving potentials enabled by leveraging different process planning algorithms. In this article, a mathematical cost model is established to quantify the different cost components in the direct metal laser sintering process, and it is applicable for evaluating the cost performance when adopting dynamic process planning with different layer-wise process parameters. The case study results indicate that 12.73% of the total production cost could be potentially reduced when applying the proposed dynamic process planning algorithm based on the complexity level of geometries. In addition, the sensitivity analysis results suggest that the raw material price and the overhead cost are the two key cost drivers in the current additive manufacturing market.
Lei Di; Yiran Yang. Cost Modeling and Evaluation of Direct Metal Laser Sintering with Integrated Dynamic Process Planning. Sustainability 2020, 13, 319 .
AMA StyleLei Di, Yiran Yang. Cost Modeling and Evaluation of Direct Metal Laser Sintering with Integrated Dynamic Process Planning. Sustainability. 2020; 13 (1):319.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLei Di; Yiran Yang. 2020. "Cost Modeling and Evaluation of Direct Metal Laser Sintering with Integrated Dynamic Process Planning." Sustainability 13, no. 1: 319.