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Ante los indicadores de insostenibilidad ambiental y social, se busca un enfoque educativo eficaz que contribuya a revertirla. A tal efecto, se propone una educación moral, que no se centre tanto en contenidos como en facilitar que cada estudiante aprenda a buscarlos, hacerlos propios y los traduzca en compromisos de conducta personal. La propuesta educativa se presenta ejemplificada en una asignatura concreta, que sirve de hilo expositivo y ejemplo de aplicación. Tras una breve introducción sobre los indicadores de insostenibilidad, se presenta la planificación, metodología y objetivo de la asignatura. A continuación, se reflexiona sobre dos de los obstáculos a los que se enfrenta la educación moral en la actualidad: la fragmentación del saber y la dificultad para que los aprendizajes teóricos se traduzcan en conductas. Por último, se exploran dos oportunidades para la educación moral que pueden facilitar ese vínculo: la búsqueda de las causas profundas de problemas ambientales y sociales actuales, y el empleo de la belleza.
Jordi Puig Baguer; Ana Villarroya Ballarin; María Casas Jericó. La educación moral ante el reto de la sostenibilidad. Azafea: Revista de Filosofía 2019, 21, 181-206 .
AMA StyleJordi Puig Baguer, Ana Villarroya Ballarin, María Casas Jericó. La educación moral ante el reto de la sostenibilidad. Azafea: Revista de Filosofía. 2019; 21 (1):181-206.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJordi Puig Baguer; Ana Villarroya Ballarin; María Casas Jericó. 2019. "La educación moral ante el reto de la sostenibilidad." Azafea: Revista de Filosofía 21, no. 1: 181-206.
Environmental compensation includes a range of activities intended to counterbalance such negative impacts of development projects that remain in the environment after all preventive and corrective measures have been fully implemented. Sweden, being a member state of the European Union (EU), must implement environmental compensation under EU directives such as the Habitat Directive. However, like in other countries, implementation is not yet widespread in Sweden, and new practices and guidelines remain to be developed both nationally and at European level. This need is all the more urgent considering that the European Commission estimates that, within the EU, about 100,000 hectares of land is converted from its natural state each year. The aim of this paper is to describe current environmental-compensation practices in Swedish road and railway projects and to discuss issues of vital importance to the development of compensation policy, such as what to compensate for, how much, and how. A national inventory was performed, for the first time in Sweden, to identify compensation measures in road and railway projects. Data were collected from a national mailing list including 141 officials at county administrative boards (CABs), internal e-mail correspondence within the Swedish Transport Administration and databases of court decisions. The inventory focused on compensation measures ordered by virtue of the Swedish Environmental Code. In addition, two case studies were carried out to investigate the planning of compensation measures. The results showed that CABs and courts rarely order compensation in infrastructure projects, even though this is possible under Swedish law. Between 1999 and 2012, 37 cases (i.e. permits issued) were found for which compensation was ordered. Of these cases, 76% concerned compensation for encroachments on minor habitats such as small ponds and cairns. No CAB ordered compensation for non-protected areas. Compensation ratios were never explicitly mentioned in permits, but in practice a ratio of 1:1 (often measured as area or length) was usually applied. The compensation measures typically consisted in recreating the same kind of natural asset that was affected, in a location close to the damaged area. In the two cases specially studied, the road and railway planning processes were not properly adjusted to integrate compensation issues, resulting in unnecessary bureaucracy and insufficient co-ordination between different projects, such as between the environmental-impact assessment process and the compensation process or between closely related sub-projects in the same region. To meet the EU’s goal of no net loss of biodiversity, we suggest that policy requirements should be made stricter and that incentives for voluntary compensation should be created. In line with the goals of Swedish national transport policy and the European Landscape Convention, account should be taken of social and cultural aspects, and there should be a shift from a narrow focus on individual projects to a broader planning approach, since this would allow compensation measures to be taken where they can deliver the greatest environmental benefits.
Jesper Persson; Anders Larsson; Ana Villarroya. Compensation in Swedish infrastructure projects and suggestions on policy improvements. Nature Conservation 2015, 11, 113 -127.
AMA StyleJesper Persson, Anders Larsson, Ana Villarroya. Compensation in Swedish infrastructure projects and suggestions on policy improvements. Nature Conservation. 2015; 11 ():113-127.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJesper Persson; Anders Larsson; Ana Villarroya. 2015. "Compensation in Swedish infrastructure projects and suggestions on policy improvements." Nature Conservation 11, no. : 113-127.
Attempts to meet biodiversity goals through application of the mitigation hierarchy have gained wide traction globally with increased development of public policy, lending standards, and corporate practices. With interest in biodiversity offsets increasing in Latin America, we seek to strengthen the basis for policy development through a review of major environmental licensing policy frameworks in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Peru and Venezuela. Here we focused our review on an examination of national level policies to evaluate to which degree current provisions promote positive environmental outcomes. All the surveyed countries have national-level Environmental Impact Assessment laws or regulations that cover the habitats present in their territories. Although most countries enable the use of offsets only Brazil, Colombia, Mexico and Peru explicitly require their implementation. Our review has shown that while advancing quite detailed offset policies, most countries do not seem to have strong requirements regarding impact avoidance. Despite this deficiency most countries have a strong foundation from which to develop policy for biodiversity offsets, but several issues require further guidance, including how best to: (1) ensure conformance with the mitigation hierarchy; (2) identify the most environmentally preferable offsets within a landscape context; (3) determine appropriate mitigation replacement ratios; and (4) ensure appropriate time and effort is given to monitor offset performance.
Ana Villarroya; Ana Cristina Barros; Joseph Kiesecker. Policy Development for Environmental Licensing and Biodiversity Offsets in Latin America. PLOS ONE 2014, 9, e107144 .
AMA StyleAna Villarroya, Ana Cristina Barros, Joseph Kiesecker. Policy Development for Environmental Licensing and Biodiversity Offsets in Latin America. PLOS ONE. 2014; 9 (9):e107144.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAna Villarroya; Ana Cristina Barros; Joseph Kiesecker. 2014. "Policy Development for Environmental Licensing and Biodiversity Offsets in Latin America." PLOS ONE 9, no. 9: e107144.
The knowledge of biodiversity within an area is vital if we want to develop adequate conservation strategies. Biosphere Reserves are purposefully established for the sustainable use of their resources, and therefore their biodiversity should be well known. We compared and evaluated information available for Mexican Biosphere Reserves on threatened and non-threatened vertebrate species records from three different sources--the corresponding Biosphere Reserves management plans (MPs), the Global Biodiversity Information Facility index (GBIF), and scientific literature, in order to find potential knowledge gaps. Our results suggest that there were varying gaps in information among sources according to vertebrate group. For each group of vertebrate species, management plans held the largest subsets of information but were not complete, ranging from 89.6% of the combined known species of birds to 70% for amphibians and freshwater fishes. However, both GBIF and literature included data absent from MPs, and GBIF included data not otherwise available, proving it as important as literature or other data sources (e.g. field data) used for crafting such plans. Moreover, we found references to threatened species that were not listed in the MPs, reaching to as many as 50% of the total known species of fish. Species information shared by all three sources ranged from 28% for amphibians to 72.5% for birds. Conservation efforts should therefore take into account that possibly less charismatic taxa such as amphibians, reptiles and freshwater fish lack more information than birds or mammals. The disparity observed in the vertebrate species information constitutes an information gap that could (or should) be solved by scientists and managers alike
Andrea Pino-Del-Carpio; Arturo H. Ariño; Ana Villarroya; Jordi Puig; Rafael Miranda. The biodiversity data knowledge gap: Assessing information loss in the management of Biosphere Reserves. Biological Conservation 2014, 173, 74 -79.
AMA StyleAndrea Pino-Del-Carpio, Arturo H. Ariño, Ana Villarroya, Jordi Puig, Rafael Miranda. The biodiversity data knowledge gap: Assessing information loss in the management of Biosphere Reserves. Biological Conservation. 2014; 173 ():74-79.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndrea Pino-Del-Carpio; Arturo H. Ariño; Ana Villarroya; Jordi Puig; Rafael Miranda. 2014. "The biodiversity data knowledge gap: Assessing information loss in the management of Biosphere Reserves." Biological Conservation 173, no. : 74-79.
The main scientific bibliography addressing the rationale behind ecological compensation is reviewed in order to examine general guidelines. This contains interesting general guidance on how to implement compensation, and provides the basis for future developments in compensation practice. On this basis, we propose a further step in compensation practice, advancing compensation proposals or rules for specific kinds of projects and contexts, focusing on road projects in the Spanish Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). Three main residual impacts of roads are identified which usually remain uncompensated for: the loss of natural and semi-natural land use, the increase in emissions resulting from any new road, and the fragmentation, severance or barrier effect on the landscape and its wildlife. To counteract these, four proposals, or “rules”, are advanced: conservation of natural and semi-natural land use area, conservation of dominant plant species physiognomy, compensation for emissions, and the rule of positive defragmentation
Ana Villarroya; Jesper Persson; Jordi Puig. Ecological compensation: From general guidance and expertise to specific proposals for road developments. Environmental Impact Assessment Review 2014, 45, 54 -62.
AMA StyleAna Villarroya, Jesper Persson, Jordi Puig. Ecological compensation: From general guidance and expertise to specific proposals for road developments. Environmental Impact Assessment Review. 2014; 45 ():54-62.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAna Villarroya; Jesper Persson; Jordi Puig. 2014. "Ecological compensation: From general guidance and expertise to specific proposals for road developments." Environmental Impact Assessment Review 45, no. : 54-62.
To reduce ecological impacts caused by development projects, avoidance, minimization and compensation techniques have to be taken together into consideration along Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) procedures. This paper explores the particular role that ecological compensation has had in recent road and railway EIA procedures in Spain, as seen through the review of a set of recent EIA Records of Decision (RODs) that confirms precedent findings. Noticing that residual impacts are not paid much attention, and that there is no evidence of a solid public participation in ecological impact evaluation, it proposes to increase the awareness on residual impacts, as a way to make easier public access to the allegedly most sensitive moment of EIA implementation: (residual) impact evaluation.
Ana Villarroya; Jordi Puig. A proposal to improve ecological compensation practice in road and railway projects in Spain. Environmental Impact Assessment Review 2013, 42, 87 -94.
AMA StyleAna Villarroya, Jordi Puig. A proposal to improve ecological compensation practice in road and railway projects in Spain. Environmental Impact Assessment Review. 2013; 42 ():87-94.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAna Villarroya; Jordi Puig. 2013. "A proposal to improve ecological compensation practice in road and railway projects in Spain." Environmental Impact Assessment Review 42, no. : 87-94.
Jordi Puig; Ana Villarroya. Ecological quality loss and damage compensation in estuaries: Clues from a lawsuit in the Basque Country, Spain. Ocean & Coastal Management 2013, 71, 46 -51.
AMA StyleJordi Puig, Ana Villarroya. Ecological quality loss and damage compensation in estuaries: Clues from a lawsuit in the Basque Country, Spain. Ocean & Coastal Management. 2013; 71 ():46-51.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJordi Puig; Ana Villarroya. 2013. "Ecological quality loss and damage compensation in estuaries: Clues from a lawsuit in the Basque Country, Spain." Ocean & Coastal Management 71, no. : 46-51.
Javier Otegui; Ana Villarroya; Arturo H. Arino. PROTECTED AREAS IN THE SPANISH PYRENEES: A MEANINGFUL WAY TO PRESERVE BIODIVERSITY? Environmental Engineering and Management Journal 2012, 11, 1133 -1140.
AMA StyleJavier Otegui, Ana Villarroya, Arturo H. Arino. PROTECTED AREAS IN THE SPANISH PYRENEES: A MEANINGFUL WAY TO PRESERVE BIODIVERSITY? Environmental Engineering and Management Journal. 2012; 11 (6):1133-1140.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJavier Otegui; Ana Villarroya; Arturo H. Arino. 2012. "PROTECTED AREAS IN THE SPANISH PYRENEES: A MEANINGFUL WAY TO PRESERVE BIODIVERSITY?" Environmental Engineering and Management Journal 11, no. 6: 1133-1140.
Arturo H. Ariño; Javier Otegui; Ana Villarroya; Anabel Perez De Zabalza. PRIMARY BIODIVERSITY DATA RECORDS IN THE PYRENEES. Environmental Engineering and Management Journal 2012, 11, 1059 -1075.
AMA StyleArturo H. Ariño, Javier Otegui, Ana Villarroya, Anabel Perez De Zabalza. PRIMARY BIODIVERSITY DATA RECORDS IN THE PYRENEES. Environmental Engineering and Management Journal. 2012; 11 (6):1059-1075.
Chicago/Turabian StyleArturo H. Ariño; Javier Otegui; Ana Villarroya; Anabel Perez De Zabalza. 2012. "PRIMARY BIODIVERSITY DATA RECORDS IN THE PYRENEES." Environmental Engineering and Management Journal 11, no. 6: 1059-1075.
Jordi Puig; Ana Villarroya. URBAN AND INDUSTRIAL LAND-USE CHANGES ALONGSIDE MOTORWAYS WITHIN THE PYRENEAN AREA OF NAVARRE, SPAIN. Environmental Engineering and Management Journal 2012, 11, 1213 -1220.
AMA StyleJordi Puig, Ana Villarroya. URBAN AND INDUSTRIAL LAND-USE CHANGES ALONGSIDE MOTORWAYS WITHIN THE PYRENEAN AREA OF NAVARRE, SPAIN. Environmental Engineering and Management Journal. 2012; 11 (6):1213-1220.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJordi Puig; Ana Villarroya. 2012. "URBAN AND INDUSTRIAL LAND-USE CHANGES ALONGSIDE MOTORWAYS WITHIN THE PYRENEAN AREA OF NAVARRE, SPAIN." Environmental Engineering and Management Journal 11, no. 6: 1213-1220.
Road construction generally reduces the ecological value of the environment. To recover it, the value of the residual ecological impacts should be counterbalanced by compensation measures within the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) procedure. Ecological valuation and impact valuation are central to EIA performance. As long as residual impacts are valued, the rationale behind specific compensation proposals may be strengthened. This paper proposes a simple, transparent and adaptable approach to ecological and impact valuation. It aims at improving the perception, compilation and valuation of certain residual ecological impacts, as a means to encourage compensation practice within EIA.
Ana Villarroya; Jordi Puig. Valuation of residual impacts of roads on landscape ecological units in Navarre, Spain. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management 2011, 55, 339 -353.
AMA StyleAna Villarroya, Jordi Puig. Valuation of residual impacts of roads on landscape ecological units in Navarre, Spain. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management. 2011; 55 (3):339-353.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAna Villarroya; Jordi Puig. 2011. "Valuation of residual impacts of roads on landscape ecological units in Navarre, Spain." Journal of Environmental Planning and Management 55, no. 3: 339-353.
Ana Villarroya; Jordi Puig. Ecological compensation and Environmental Impact Assessment in Spain. Environmental Impact Assessment Review 2010, 30, 357 -362.
AMA StyleAna Villarroya, Jordi Puig. Ecological compensation and Environmental Impact Assessment in Spain. Environmental Impact Assessment Review. 2010; 30 (6):357-362.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAna Villarroya; Jordi Puig. 2010. "Ecological compensation and Environmental Impact Assessment in Spain." Environmental Impact Assessment Review 30, no. 6: 357-362.