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Ester Scotto di Perta
Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy

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Journal article
Published: 03 July 2020 in Sustainability
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Landscape is increasingly characterized by a multifaced nature. In scientific literature and landscape governance, new landscape definitions are often coined to explain new meanings and to define specific intervention strategies and tools. The present study purposes a framework for the identification of hybrid landscapes as support for land-use planners, which aim to guarantee development opportunities as well as natural heritage preservation and valorization. “Marginal lands” were identified starting from EU Directives and scientific approaches, by means of multicriteria analysis. Different scenarios were built: (1) no-change; (2) energy crops; (3) green infrastructures. An ecosystem services approach, via landscape metrics analysis, was used to compare the possible effects of scenarios. About 20% of the study area, an internal area of the southern Apennines, was identified as suitable for land-use change in a medium-short time, and scenarios of land-use changes show a better condition, in terms of fragmentation, than as a current asset. Results showed the strategic role and potentialities of marginal lands, as a trade-off between nature conservation and development issues, suggesting new opportunities for green infrastructures and a renewable energies chain. The study allowed for deepening the close connection among landscape planning approaches, land use change scenarios building and environmental assessment, focused on the ex-ante evaluation stage.

ACS Style

Elena Cervelli; Ester Scotto Di Perta; Stefania Pindozzi. Identification of Marginal Landscapes as Support for Sustainable Development: GIS-Based Analysis and Landscape Metrics Assessment in Southern Italy Areas. Sustainability 2020, 12, 5400 .

AMA Style

Elena Cervelli, Ester Scotto Di Perta, Stefania Pindozzi. Identification of Marginal Landscapes as Support for Sustainable Development: GIS-Based Analysis and Landscape Metrics Assessment in Southern Italy Areas. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (13):5400.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Elena Cervelli; Ester Scotto Di Perta; Stefania Pindozzi. 2020. "Identification of Marginal Landscapes as Support for Sustainable Development: GIS-Based Analysis and Landscape Metrics Assessment in Southern Italy Areas." Sustainability 12, no. 13: 5400.

Journal article
Published: 08 April 2020 in Sustainability
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The storage of livestock manure is responsible for ammonia emissions into the atmosphere. Different natural covers could be used during animal manure storage, but the mitigation effect is influenced by the manure characteristics due to the housing or treatment systems. Starting from cattle and buffalo manure, the objectives of this study were (i) to assess the effect of anaerobic digestion (AD) and solid–liquid separation (SLS) on ammonia emissions during storage as well as natural crust development and (ii) to investigate the reduction in ammonia emissions by using a layer of straw to cover the stored animal manure. Storage conditions were simulated in a small-scale application in a climate-controlled room. Results showed that the higher organic matter content of cow raw slurry facilitated the surface crust formation starting from the first days of storage. AD with SLS increased ammonia emissions (48.5%) due to the increase of the ammoniacal nitrogen content. On the other hand, animal manure covered with a layer of straw showed a 7.3% reduction of ammonia emissions. This study suggests that treatments and covering strategies must be calibrated to different manure types to enhance the mitigation effect.

ACS Style

Ester Scotto Di Perta; Antonio Mautone; Marco Oliva; Elena Cervelli; Stefania Pindozzi. Influence of Treatments and Covers on NH3 Emissions from Dairy Cow and Buffalo Manure Storage. Sustainability 2020, 12, 2986 .

AMA Style

Ester Scotto Di Perta, Antonio Mautone, Marco Oliva, Elena Cervelli, Stefania Pindozzi. Influence of Treatments and Covers on NH3 Emissions from Dairy Cow and Buffalo Manure Storage. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (7):2986.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ester Scotto Di Perta; Antonio Mautone; Marco Oliva; Elena Cervelli; Stefania Pindozzi. 2020. "Influence of Treatments and Covers on NH3 Emissions from Dairy Cow and Buffalo Manure Storage." Sustainability 12, no. 7: 2986.

Journal article
Published: 10 September 2019 in Journal of Agricultural Engineering
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Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a mature technology commonly used for manure treatment, both for the stabilisation of waste and for the production of energy. The introduction of new incentives could represent an opportunity for biogas production, when the current feed-in-tariffs, which improved the financial feasibility of AD plants producing electricity will end. This paper examines the feasibility of reconverting an existing AD biogas production plant into a biomethane production plant. The AD plant, in this case study, is a two-stage reactor situated in the centre of Italy and mainly fed with livestock manure from both cows and buffaloes. The economic analysis of two hypotheses is provided: i) continuing the electricity production from biogas after the end of the current incentives (2025); ii) considering the new incentives program for the biomethane and reconverting the plant, using hollow-fibre membranes for the purification of the raw biogas (SEPURAN® Green modules, EnviTec). For this purpose, investment and operating costs, based on plant monitoring data (2105.3 m3 d–1, Biogas production; 4432.9 kWh d–1, electricity production) as well as on market analysis for costs evaluation were considered. The mean biogas production for the considered year was about 30% less than the expected production, indicated by producer, highlighting the need for the optimisation of the management of the reactors. Moreover, based on the averaged methane production (June 2017-June 2018), results show that: i) plant conversion for the biomethane production is not suitable for small-scale plants, due to the high investment costs of upgrading technology (1.2 M€); ii) when current incentives end, the electricity production from biogas in the current plant may not be self-sufficient, due to the highly expensive operating costs. This paper provides a first analysis of the possible fate of the biogas plants under the new incentives.

ACS Style

Ester Scotto Di Perta; Elena Cervelli; Maria Pironti Di Campagna; Stefania Pindozzi. From biogas to biomethane: Techno-economic analysis of an anaerobic digestion power plant in a cattle/buffalo farm in central Italy. Journal of Agricultural Engineering 2019, 50, 127 -133.

AMA Style

Ester Scotto Di Perta, Elena Cervelli, Maria Pironti Di Campagna, Stefania Pindozzi. From biogas to biomethane: Techno-economic analysis of an anaerobic digestion power plant in a cattle/buffalo farm in central Italy. Journal of Agricultural Engineering. 2019; 50 (3):127-133.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ester Scotto Di Perta; Elena Cervelli; Maria Pironti Di Campagna; Stefania Pindozzi. 2019. "From biogas to biomethane: Techno-economic analysis of an anaerobic digestion power plant in a cattle/buffalo farm in central Italy." Journal of Agricultural Engineering 50, no. 3: 127-133.

Journal article
Published: 15 November 2018 in Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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Agriculture is still the main source of NH3 emissions. Consequently, ammonia reduction and monitoring are included in the strict EU targets. Unfortunately, the main issue with the quantification of NH3 emissions is that some uncertainties are still related to NH3 volatilization measurements, mainly because of the absence of a standard measurement technique. This study compares two different methods for measuring NH3 fluxes: the Integrated Horizontal Flux (IHF) method used with glass tubes and the wind tunnels (WT) with acid traps, in order to provide further insights into quantification of NH3 emissions. Specifically, three field trials were carried out, using different fertilizers on bare soil: urea, raw manure and liquid separated digestate from Mediterranean buffalo cows (Bubalus bubalis L.). Results show that the same diurnal flux variations for both methods was observed, except for those in urea trials, mainly because of the dynamics of urea volatilization. Generally, WT underestimated ammonia emissions, especially during the first six hours of experimentation, since the fixed air speed inside the tunnel is lower than the outside wind speed at the same height. Cumulative ammonia volatilization measured with WT differs from those measured with IHF by 32% (urea), 43% (raw manure) and 46% (liquid separated digestate), respectively. Moreover, WT estimations seemed to be affected by a short exposition time of the acid traps, demonstrating a poor correlation of IHF and WT method within 2–3 h. Indeed, linear correlation between two methods was improved to R2 = 0.92, by increasing the minimum samplers exposition time up to 3 h.

ACS Style

Ester Scotto di Perta; Nunzio Fiorentino; Laura Gioia; Elena Cervelli; Salvatore Faugno; Stefania Pindozzi. Prolonged sampling time increases correlation between wind tunnel and integrated horizontal flux method. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 2018, 265, 48 -55.

AMA Style

Ester Scotto di Perta, Nunzio Fiorentino, Laura Gioia, Elena Cervelli, Salvatore Faugno, Stefania Pindozzi. Prolonged sampling time increases correlation between wind tunnel and integrated horizontal flux method. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology. 2018; 265 ():48-55.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ester Scotto di Perta; Nunzio Fiorentino; Laura Gioia; Elena Cervelli; Salvatore Faugno; Stefania Pindozzi. 2018. "Prolonged sampling time increases correlation between wind tunnel and integrated horizontal flux method." Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 265, no. : 48-55.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2018 in Transactions of the ASABE
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Ammonia emission reduces the reliability and nitrogen (N) fertilizer efficiency of animal manure and mineral fertilizers applied to fields. The loss of ammonia to the atmosphere is frequently compensated for by costly over-application of N fertilizers. New technologies to reduce ammonia emission are regularly developed, and their efficacy needs to be tested using accurate methods. To date, a major obstacle to many available emission measurement techniques is the requirement of large plot sizes of homogeneous surface characteristics, which particularly is a challenge to the number of plot-level replicates that can be carried out on a field providing uniform surface characteristics throughout. The objectives of this research were to test three different methods for measuring NH3 flux when applied to small plots (<315 m2) by comparison with conventional micrometeorological methods and to determine the labor intensity and expenses related to the respective methods in their entirety. The integrated horizontal flux (IHF) method and the ZINST method were used with passive flux Leuning samplers as micrometeorological reference methods. As examples of conventional small-plot emission measurement techniques, wind tunnels measuring gas-phase ammonia using ALPHA passive diffusion samplers and a flux chamber method using Dräger tubes for measurements of ammonia concentration (DTM) were used. As an inexpensive alternative small-plot method, we studied the feasibility of applying ALPHA passive diffusion samplers and battery-driven cup anemometers at ZINST height on small source areas (<315 m2), coupled with a backward Lagrangian stochastic (bLS) dispersion model to calculate emission fluxes (referred to as the AbLS method). When exposure duration was appropriate and weather conditions were not extreme, tests showed no significant difference in NH3 emission fluxes measured with AbLS, compared to those obtained with IHF and ZINST using Leuning samplers. However, the AbLS method did not give reliable emission measurements in periods with high wind speeds and heavy rain. It was also shown that the AbLS method provided valid results when reducing the plot radius from the standard 20 m to 10 m, or even 5 m, provided that the ALPHA samplers were exposed for at least 5 or 6 h. Emission from 200 kg urea-N ha-1 was between 20 and 30 kg N ha-1 in the two trials. The cost for one study running for one week using the ZINST or bLS methodology, including equipment for four plots and eight measurement intervals, was $2785 if horizontal fluxes were measured using the ALPHA samplers, compared to $12,301 using the Leuning samplers and $13,928 using gas washing bottles. Using the DTM flux chamber method once is a little more expensive than using the AbLS method, but less expensive if the cost of purchasing the equipment is distributed over five studies in five years. Using wind tunnels is as costly as measuring emissions with the Leuning samplers or gas washing bottles using the bLS or ZINST method. Keywords: ALPHA samplers, Ammonia emission, AbLS, bLS method, DTM method, IHF method, Labor cost, Passive ammonia samplers, Wind tunnels.

ACS Style

Simon Vilms Pedersen; Ester Scotto Di Perta; Sasha D. Hafner; Andreas S. Pacholski; Sven G. Sommer. Evaluation of a Simple, Small-Plot Meteorological Technique for Measurement of Ammonia Emission: Feasibility, Costs, and Recommendations. Transactions of the ASABE 2018, 61, 103 -115.

AMA Style

Simon Vilms Pedersen, Ester Scotto Di Perta, Sasha D. Hafner, Andreas S. Pacholski, Sven G. Sommer. Evaluation of a Simple, Small-Plot Meteorological Technique for Measurement of Ammonia Emission: Feasibility, Costs, and Recommendations. Transactions of the ASABE. 2018; 61 (1):103-115.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Simon Vilms Pedersen; Ester Scotto Di Perta; Sasha D. Hafner; Andreas S. Pacholski; Sven G. Sommer. 2018. "Evaluation of a Simple, Small-Plot Meteorological Technique for Measurement of Ammonia Emission: Feasibility, Costs, and Recommendations." Transactions of the ASABE 61, no. 1: 103-115.

Journal article
Published: 01 July 2016 in Computers and Electronics in Agriculture
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Asymmetric flow conditions in wind tunnel was verified using CFD.Different configurations were proposed to optimize aerodynamic conditions.CFD results were compared with wind speed measurements and validation was performed.Fully developed and symmetric flow was obtained introducing guide channels. Livestock and agricultural activities contribute significantly to atmospheric ammonia emission in Europe. The volatilization process depends on many factors, especially wind speed and rainfall. The most important methods to evaluate ammonia volatilization are the wind tunnel and micrometeorological methods. The tunnels are more flexible and simple to use in every situation. Few studies have been carried out to determine, which conditions are established inside the chamber and how they influence the ammonia volatilization and measurement.The aim of this research was to investigate the effects of the wind tunnel configuration and flow inlet velocity, by means of CFD simulations and wind speed measurements, in order to achieve a better aerodynamic performance. The SST k-ω model used for simulations was first validated in order to prove the consistency of the model itself. Several configurations were simulated and compared. In particular, in order to overcome the asymmetric flow conditions that occurred in all wind tunnel configurations, four flow distribution devices were proposed and simulated. The best setup was chosen with the purpose of reaching both the best uniform velocity distribution (to ensure homogeneous volatilization from the emitting surface) and easy transport for field applications. It consists of an emission chamber 40cm wide, 25cm high and 80cm long, situated between a divergent diffuser and a convergent duct, respectively 50cm and 25cm long. Moreover, structures similar to honeycombs, namely guiding channels, were introduced in the divergent diffuser, because they showed the best aerodynamic performance. These 20 channels, located in the divergent diffuser, prevent flow from separating, by means of the reduction of the expansion angle, obtaining the desired flow conditions inside the wind tunnel. Finally, it was verified that CFD confirmed its usefulness as a decision-support instrument to design and simulate possible solutions, reducing design time.

ACS Style

Ester Scotto di Perta; Maria Angela Agizza; Giancarlo Sorrentino; Lorenzo Boccia; Stefania Pindozzi. Study of aerodynamic performances of different wind tunnel configurations and air inlet velocities, using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 2016, 125, 137 -148.

AMA Style

Ester Scotto di Perta, Maria Angela Agizza, Giancarlo Sorrentino, Lorenzo Boccia, Stefania Pindozzi. Study of aerodynamic performances of different wind tunnel configurations and air inlet velocities, using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Computers and Electronics in Agriculture. 2016; 125 ():137-148.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ester Scotto di Perta; Maria Angela Agizza; Giancarlo Sorrentino; Lorenzo Boccia; Stefania Pindozzi. 2016. "Study of aerodynamic performances of different wind tunnel configurations and air inlet velocities, using computational fluid dynamics (CFD)." Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 125, no. : 137-148.

Journal article
Published: 01 April 2015 in Waste Management
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This research compares the operation of one-stage and two-stage anaerobic continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR) systems fed semi-continuously with food waste. The main purpose was to investigate the effects of ammoniacal nitrogen on the anaerobic digestion process. The two-stage system gave more reliable operation compared to one-stage due to: (i) a better pH self-adjusting capacity; (ii) a higher resistance to organic loading shocks; and (iii) a higher conversion rate of organic substrate to biomethane. Also a small amount of biohydrogen was detected from the first stage of the two-stage reactor making this system attractive for biohythane production. As the digestate contains ammoniacal nitrogen, re-circulating it provided the necessary alkalinity in the systems, thus preventing an eventual failure by volatile fatty acids (VFA) accumulation. However, re-circulation also resulted in an ammonium accumulation, yielding a lower biomethane production. Based on the batch experimental results the 50% inhibitory concentration of total ammoniacal nitrogen on the methanogenic activities was calculated as 3.8 g/L, corresponding to 146 mg/L free ammonia for the inoculum used for this research. The two-stage system was affected by the inhibition more than the one-stage system, as it requires less alkalinity and the physically separated methanogens are more sensitive to inhibitory factors, such as ammonium and propionic acid.

ACS Style

Javkhlan Ariunbaatar; Ester Scotto di Perta; Antonio Panico; Luigi Frunzo; Giovanni Esposito; Piet Nicolaas Luc Lens; Francesco Pirozzi. Effect of ammoniacal nitrogen on one-stage and two-stage anaerobic digestion of food waste. Waste Management 2015, 38, 388 -398.

AMA Style

Javkhlan Ariunbaatar, Ester Scotto di Perta, Antonio Panico, Luigi Frunzo, Giovanni Esposito, Piet Nicolaas Luc Lens, Francesco Pirozzi. Effect of ammoniacal nitrogen on one-stage and two-stage anaerobic digestion of food waste. Waste Management. 2015; 38 ():388-398.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Javkhlan Ariunbaatar; Ester Scotto di Perta; Antonio Panico; Luigi Frunzo; Giovanni Esposito; Piet Nicolaas Luc Lens; Francesco Pirozzi. 2015. "Effect of ammoniacal nitrogen on one-stage and two-stage anaerobic digestion of food waste." Waste Management 38, no. : 388-398.