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This paper refers to the issue that mainly appears in distribution grids, where renewable energy sources (RES) are widely installed. In such grids, one of the main problems is the coordination of energy production time with demand time, especially if photovoltaic energy sources are present. To face this problem, battery energy storage units (ESU) can be installed. In recent years, more and more attention has been paid to optimizing the use of ESU. This paper contains a simple description of available solutions for the application of ESU as well as an original proposal for selecting the optimal location and control of ESU. The ESU selection method is based on the use of a genetic algorithm and the ESU control method utilizes the fuzzy logic. The combination of the aforementioned methods/algorithms of ESU application is named an integrated algorithm. The performance of the proposed algorithm was validated by multivariate computer simulations with the use of the real low-voltage grid model. The DIgSILENT PowerFactory environment was employed to develop the simulation model of the integrated algorithm. The proposal was utilized to improve the voltage level in the distribution grid and to install the optimal number of ESU. Based on daily load variations for selected load profiles, it was shown that after the ESU application the voltage deviations in the analyzed network were significantly limited. Moreover, the analysis proves that both the location of ESU in the grid and the control of their active and reactive power are important from the point of view of reducing overall costs.
Agata Szultka; Seweryn Szultka; Stanislaw Czapp; Zbigniew Lubosny; Robert Malkowski. Integrated Algorithm for Selecting the Location and Control of Energy Storage Units to Improve the Voltage Level in Distribution Grids. Energies 2020, 13, 6720 .
AMA StyleAgata Szultka, Seweryn Szultka, Stanislaw Czapp, Zbigniew Lubosny, Robert Malkowski. Integrated Algorithm for Selecting the Location and Control of Energy Storage Units to Improve the Voltage Level in Distribution Grids. Energies. 2020; 13 (24):6720.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAgata Szultka; Seweryn Szultka; Stanislaw Czapp; Zbigniew Lubosny; Robert Malkowski. 2020. "Integrated Algorithm for Selecting the Location and Control of Energy Storage Units to Improve the Voltage Level in Distribution Grids." Energies 13, no. 24: 6720.
The development of renewable energy, including wind farms, photovoltaic farms as well as prosumer installations, and the development of electromobility pose new challenges for network operators. The results of these changes are, among others, the change of network load profiles and load flows determining greater volatility of voltages. Most of the proposed solutions do not assume a change of the transformer regulator algorithm. The possibilities of improving the quality of regulation, which can be found in the literature, most often include various methods of coordination of the operation of the transformer regulator with various devices operating in the Medium-Voltage (MV) network. This coordination can be decentralized or centralized. Unfortunately, the proposed solutions often require costly technical resources and/or large amounts of real-time data monitoring. The goal of the authors was to create an algorithm that extends the functionality of typical transformer control algorithms. The proposed solution allows for reducing the risk of voltage collapse. The performance of the proposed algorithm was validated using multivariate computer simulations and tests with the use of a physical model of the distribution network. The DIgSILENT PowerFactory environment was used to develop the simulation model of the proposed algorithm. Then, tests were conducted on real devices installed in the LINTEˆ2 Laboratory at the Gdańsk University of Technology, Poland. Selected test results are included in this paper. All results have shown that the proposed algorithm makes it possible to increase the reserve of the voltage stability of the node, in which it is applied, thus mitigating the risk of a voltage collapse occurring. The proposed algorithm does not require complex and costly technical solutions. Owing to its simplicity, it has a high potential for practical application, as confirmed by the real-time control experiment in the laboratory.
Robert Małkowski; Michał Izdebski; Piotr Miller. Adaptive Algorithm of a Tap-Changer Controller of the Power Transformer Supplying the Radial Network Reducing the Risk of Voltage Collapse. Energies 2020, 13, 5403 .
AMA StyleRobert Małkowski, Michał Izdebski, Piotr Miller. Adaptive Algorithm of a Tap-Changer Controller of the Power Transformer Supplying the Radial Network Reducing the Risk of Voltage Collapse. Energies. 2020; 13 (20):5403.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRobert Małkowski; Michał Izdebski; Piotr Miller. 2020. "Adaptive Algorithm of a Tap-Changer Controller of the Power Transformer Supplying the Radial Network Reducing the Risk of Voltage Collapse." Energies 13, no. 20: 5403.
In contemporary power systems, the load shedding schemes are typically based on disconnecting a pre-specified amount of load after the frequency drops below a predetermined value. The actual conditions at the time of disturbance may largely differ from the assumptions, which can lead to non-optimal or ineffective operation of the load shedding scheme. For many years, increasing the effectiveness of the underfrequency load shedding (UFLS) schemes has been the subject of research around the world. Unfortunately, the proposed solutions often require costly technical resources and/or large amounts of real-time data monitoring. This paper puts forth an UFLS scheme characterized by increased effectiveness in the case of large disturbances and reduced disconnected power in the case of small and medium disturbances compared to the conventional load-shedding solutions. These advantages are achieved by replacing time-consuming consecutive load dropping with the simultaneous load dropping mechanism and by replacing ineffective fixed-frequency activation thresholds independent of the state of the system with implicit adaptive thresholds based on fuzzy logic computations. The proposed algorithm does not require complex and costly technical solutions. The performance of the proposed scheme was validated using multivariate computer simulations. Selected test results are included in this paper.
Robert Małkowski; Janusz Nieznański. Underfrequency Load Shedding: An Innovative Algorithm Based on Fuzzy Logic. Energies 2020, 13, 1456 .
AMA StyleRobert Małkowski, Janusz Nieznański. Underfrequency Load Shedding: An Innovative Algorithm Based on Fuzzy Logic. Energies. 2020; 13 (6):1456.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRobert Małkowski; Janusz Nieznański. 2020. "Underfrequency Load Shedding: An Innovative Algorithm Based on Fuzzy Logic." Energies 13, no. 6: 1456.
This paper presents research on a hybrid photovoltaic-battery energy storage system, declaring its hourly production levels as a member of a balancing group submitting common scheduling unit to the day-ahead market. It also discusses the variability of photovoltaic system generation and energy storage response. The major research questions were whether the operation of a hybrid photovoltaic-battery energy storage system is viable from the technical and economic viewpoint and how to size battery energy storage for that purpose. The DIgSILENT PowerFactory environment was used to develop the simulation model of postulated hybrid system. Then, tests were conducted on real devices installed in the LINTE^2 laboratory at Gdańsk University of Technology, Poland. Firstly, power generation in the photovoltaic system was modeled using hardware in the loop technique and tested in cooperation with emulated photovoltaic and real battery energy storage system (lithium-ion battery, 25 kWh). Secondly, a real photovoltaic power plant (33 kW) and real battery energy storage were applied. The results obtained from laboratory experiments showed that market operation of hybrid photovoltaic-battery energy storage system is feasible. However, developing a control strategy constitutes a great challenge, as the operator is forced to intervene more frequently than the simulation models indicate in order to keep the parameters of battery storage within accepted ranges, especially in view of a sudden weather breakdown. Levelized cost of electricity from photovoltaic-battery energy storage system varied from 314 to 455 $/MWh, which has proven to be from two to three times higher than the current annual average day-ahead market price in Poland.
Robert Małkowski; Marcin Jaskólski; Wojciech Pawlicki. Operation of the Hybrid Photovoltaic-Battery System on the Electricity Market—Simulation, Real-Time Tests and Cost Analysis. Energies 2020, 13, 1402 .
AMA StyleRobert Małkowski, Marcin Jaskólski, Wojciech Pawlicki. Operation of the Hybrid Photovoltaic-Battery System on the Electricity Market—Simulation, Real-Time Tests and Cost Analysis. Energies. 2020; 13 (6):1402.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRobert Małkowski; Marcin Jaskólski; Wojciech Pawlicki. 2020. "Operation of the Hybrid Photovoltaic-Battery System on the Electricity Market—Simulation, Real-Time Tests and Cost Analysis." Energies 13, no. 6: 1402.
In recent years renewable sources have been dominating power system. The share of wind power in energy production increases year by year, which meets the need to protect the environment. Possibility of conducting, not only computer simulation, but also laboratory studies of wind turbine operation and impact on the power system and other power devices in laboratory conditions would be very useful. This article presents a method of performing real-time hybrid model of a wind turbine. The advantage of a hybrid model is the combination of the possibilities and flexibility of simulation of aerodynamic and mechanical phenomena with the electric machine, which is seen from the point of view of the grid as a real wind turbine. The originality of the presented approach is using a real-time digital model to control a power device connected to the grid. Real-time simulation is performed of aerodynamic phenomena and conversion of wind energy for a mechanical moment on the shaft, which controls via a converter of asynchronous motor driving a doubly-fed induction generator. The hybrid model allows testing wind turbines in transient conditions after disturbances not feasible with physical wind. The paper describes the concept and the structure of a wind turbine hybrid model. Components of a wind turbine hybrid model are described. The results of laboratory studies of the real-time hybrid model of a wind turbine are presented.
Robert Rink; Robert Malkowski. Real-time hybrid model of a wind turbine with doubly fed induction generator. 2019 IEEE 60th International Scientific Conference on Power and Electrical Engineering of Riga Technical University (RTUCON) 2019, 1 -5.
AMA StyleRobert Rink, Robert Malkowski. Real-time hybrid model of a wind turbine with doubly fed induction generator. 2019 IEEE 60th International Scientific Conference on Power and Electrical Engineering of Riga Technical University (RTUCON). 2019; ():1-5.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRobert Rink; Robert Malkowski. 2019. "Real-time hybrid model of a wind turbine with doubly fed induction generator." 2019 IEEE 60th International Scientific Conference on Power and Electrical Engineering of Riga Technical University (RTUCON) , no. : 1-5.
The article presents four concepts of the multi-zone voltage regulation (MZVR) system. It is a combination of a distribution transformer with an on-load tap-changer, for step voltage regulation, and a power electronic converter, dimensioned for a fraction of MZVR power, realizing continuous voltage regulation, supplemented by a special switch, the so-called bypass. This allows voltage regulation at high resolution, wide range and with high dynamics and increased reliability. The work contains selected computer simulation results of the continuous regulation system, and considerations about extending the MZVR continuous voltage regulation range and its power level.
Ryszard Strzelecki; Wojciech Matelski; Robert Malkowski; Valentin Tomasov; Leszek Wolski; Antoni Krahel. Distribution Transformer with Multi-Zone Voltage Regulation for Smart Grid System Application. 2019 IEEE 6th International Conference on Energy Smart Systems (ESS) 2019, 132 -137.
AMA StyleRyszard Strzelecki, Wojciech Matelski, Robert Malkowski, Valentin Tomasov, Leszek Wolski, Antoni Krahel. Distribution Transformer with Multi-Zone Voltage Regulation for Smart Grid System Application. 2019 IEEE 6th International Conference on Energy Smart Systems (ESS). 2019; ():132-137.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRyszard Strzelecki; Wojciech Matelski; Robert Malkowski; Valentin Tomasov; Leszek Wolski; Antoni Krahel. 2019. "Distribution Transformer with Multi-Zone Voltage Regulation for Smart Grid System Application." 2019 IEEE 6th International Conference on Energy Smart Systems (ESS) , no. : 132-137.
Paper presents comparison of two Energy Storage Devices: based on Flywheel and based on Supercapacitor. Units were designed for LINTE^2 power system laboratory owned by Gdansk University of Technology in Poland. Both Storage Devices are based on bi-directional IGBT Power Converters and Functional Unit Controller comprising Simulink Real-Time platform and control system model designed and parametrized in Simulink. In the first paragraph introductory information about the LINTE^2 laboratory project and Power System Functional Units is provided. In the second paragraph parameters and control functions assignment of both devices are listed. Communication interfaces, Simulink Real-Time platform and other implementation details are described in the third chapter. In the fourth chapter experimental results from both devices are presented and compared.
Bartosz Kedra; Robert Malkowski. Comparison of Supercapacitor and Flywheel Energy Storage Devices Based on Power Converters and Simulink Real-Time. 2018 IEEE International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering and 2018 IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Europe (EEEIC / I&CPS Europe) 2018, 1 -5.
AMA StyleBartosz Kedra, Robert Malkowski. Comparison of Supercapacitor and Flywheel Energy Storage Devices Based on Power Converters and Simulink Real-Time. 2018 IEEE International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering and 2018 IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Europe (EEEIC / I&CPS Europe). 2018; ():1-5.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBartosz Kedra; Robert Malkowski. 2018. "Comparison of Supercapacitor and Flywheel Energy Storage Devices Based on Power Converters and Simulink Real-Time." 2018 IEEE International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering and 2018 IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Europe (EEEIC / I&CPS Europe) , no. : 1-5.
The intermittency of renewable energy sources (RES) constitutes a challenge for effective power system control. Fossil-fuel-based units offering ancillary power services to meet the short-term power imbalance are a financial and environmental burden for the society. Energy storage systems (ESS) can be the solution in view of the electricity market development and growing environmental concern. The major questions are, in what circumstances participation in the day-ahead market (DAM) by means of the RES-ESS co-operation is technically feasible and how to size ESS for PV participation in DAM. This paper is an attempt of addressing these questions. To provide the answer, the simulation model of solar power generation system with battery ESS (BESS) was developed using DIgSILENT Power Factory environment.
Robert Malkowski; Pawel Bucko; Marcin Jaskólski; Wojciech Pawlicki; Alicja Stoltmann. Simulation of the Dynamics of Renewable Energy Sources with Energy Storage Systems. 2018 15th International Conference on the European Energy Market (EEM) 2018, 1 -5.
AMA StyleRobert Malkowski, Pawel Bucko, Marcin Jaskólski, Wojciech Pawlicki, Alicja Stoltmann. Simulation of the Dynamics of Renewable Energy Sources with Energy Storage Systems. 2018 15th International Conference on the European Energy Market (EEM). 2018; ():1-5.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRobert Malkowski; Pawel Bucko; Marcin Jaskólski; Wojciech Pawlicki; Alicja Stoltmann. 2018. "Simulation of the Dynamics of Renewable Energy Sources with Energy Storage Systems." 2018 15th International Conference on the European Energy Market (EEM) , no. : 1-5.
The interest in energy storage is still increasing. Energy storage units are installed in high voltage networks, medium voltage networks and low voltage distribution networks as well. These units are often used to improve power quality. One of the criteria for improving power quality is reducing voltage deviations. Depending on the type of network and specifying its R/X ratio, this criterion can be fulfilled by control of active or reactive power. This paper presents the selection of both location and rated power of energy storage units for two distribution networks with different R/X ratios. The selection is performed with the use of genetic algorithm. Effect of this selection on voltage levels in the networks is presented as well.
Agata Szultka; Robert Malkowski; Stanislaw Czapp; Seweryn Szultka. Impact of R/X ratio of distribution network on selection and control of energy storage units. 2017 International Conference on Information and Digital Technologies (IDT) 2017, 359 -364.
AMA StyleAgata Szultka, Robert Malkowski, Stanislaw Czapp, Seweryn Szultka. Impact of R/X ratio of distribution network on selection and control of energy storage units. 2017 International Conference on Information and Digital Technologies (IDT). 2017; ():359-364.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAgata Szultka; Robert Malkowski; Stanislaw Czapp; Seweryn Szultka. 2017. "Impact of R/X ratio of distribution network on selection and control of energy storage units." 2017 International Conference on Information and Digital Technologies (IDT) , no. : 359-364.
This electronic document is a "live" template and already defines the components of your paper [title, text, heads, etc.] in its style sheet. Paper presents information on Energy Storage Device based on Flywheel and bi-directional IGBT Power Converters - designed for LINTÊ2 laboratory owned by Gdansk University of Technology in Poland. Paper is divided into four sections. First section of the paper provides introductory information on the Energy Storage Device and its capabilities. In the second section of the paper concept of the unit is presented. Requirements for the unit are described as well as proposed and introduced functions are listed. Implementation details are given in third section of paper. Hardware structure is presented and described. Information about used communication interface, data maintenance and storage solution, as well as used Simulink realtime features are presented. List and description of all measurements is provided. In the last section of the paper results of experiments using Energy Storage Device based on Flywheel and Power Converters performed in laboratory are presented.
Frede Blaabjerg; Bartosz Kedra; Robert Malkowski. Energy storage device based on flywheel, power converters and Simulink real-time. 2017 IEEE International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering and 2017 IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Europe (EEEIC / I&CPS Europe) 2017, 1 -4.
AMA StyleFrede Blaabjerg, Bartosz Kedra, Robert Malkowski. Energy storage device based on flywheel, power converters and Simulink real-time. 2017 IEEE International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering and 2017 IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Europe (EEEIC / I&CPS Europe). 2017; ():1-4.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFrede Blaabjerg; Bartosz Kedra; Robert Malkowski. 2017. "Energy storage device based on flywheel, power converters and Simulink real-time." 2017 IEEE International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering and 2017 IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Europe (EEEIC / I&CPS Europe) , no. : 1-4.
In this paper, the problem of placement and rated power of capacitor banks in the Distribution Network (DN) is considered. We try to suggest the best places for installing capacitor banks and define their reactive power. The considered formulation requires the optimization of the cost of two different objectives. Therefore the use of properly multiobjective heuristic optimization methods is desirable. To solve this problem we use a heuristic method such as Genetic Algorithm. The first goal is to achieve a voltage level in every nodes of the power network on required level. The second goal is to limit the cost connected with buying and installing capacitors. Finally, numerical results on a distribution system demonstrate that the proposed formulation and approach are effective and feasible for finding an optimal placement of capacitor banks.
Agata Szultka; Robert Malkowski. Selection of optimal location and rated power of capacitor banks in distribution network using genetic algorithm. 2017 18th International Scientific Conference on Electric Power Engineering (EPE) 2017, 1 -6.
AMA StyleAgata Szultka, Robert Malkowski. Selection of optimal location and rated power of capacitor banks in distribution network using genetic algorithm. 2017 18th International Scientific Conference on Electric Power Engineering (EPE). 2017; ():1-6.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAgata Szultka; Robert Malkowski. 2017. "Selection of optimal location and rated power of capacitor banks in distribution network using genetic algorithm." 2017 18th International Scientific Conference on Electric Power Engineering (EPE) , no. : 1-6.
Testing Situation Awareness Network for the Electrical Power Infrastructure; Acta Energetica. 1. Introduction
Rafal Leszczyna; Robert Małkowski; Michał R. Wróbel. Testing Situation Awareness Network for the Electrical Power Infrastructure. Acta Energetica 2016, 28, 81 -87.
AMA StyleRafal Leszczyna, Robert Małkowski, Michał R. Wróbel. Testing Situation Awareness Network for the Electrical Power Infrastructure. Acta Energetica. 2016; 28 (3):81-87.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRafal Leszczyna; Robert Małkowski; Michał R. Wróbel. 2016. "Testing Situation Awareness Network for the Electrical Power Infrastructure." Acta Energetica 28, no. 3: 81-87.
Robert Małkowski; Bartosz Kędra. Laboratory Load Model Based on 150 kVA Power Frequency Converter and Simulink Real-Time – Concept, Implementation, Experiments. Acta Energetica 2016, 28, 94 -101.
AMA StyleRobert Małkowski, Bartosz Kędra. Laboratory Load Model Based on 150 kVA Power Frequency Converter and Simulink Real-Time – Concept, Implementation, Experiments. Acta Energetica. 2016; 28 (3):94-101.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRobert Małkowski; Bartosz Kędra. 2016. "Laboratory Load Model Based on 150 kVA Power Frequency Converter and Simulink Real-Time – Concept, Implementation, Experiments." Acta Energetica 28, no. 3: 94-101.
Among the strategies of protecting information assets of the power system, sharing of information about current cybersecurity incidents between energy operators appears to be a prerequisite. Exchange of information leads to the effective detection of attacks and exploited vulnerabilities as well as the identification of countermeasures. This paper presents the results of continuation of our works on developing a secure and efficient information sharing platform for the power system, namely the security requirements for the platform together with the approach of their elicitation as well as security controls which respond to them.
Rafal Leszczyna; Michal R. Wrobel; Robert Malkowski. Security requirements and controls for incident information sharing in the polish power system. 2016 10th International Conference on Compatibility, Power Electronics and Power Engineering (CPE-POWERENG) 2016, 94 -99.
AMA StyleRafal Leszczyna, Michal R. Wrobel, Robert Malkowski. Security requirements and controls for incident information sharing in the polish power system. 2016 10th International Conference on Compatibility, Power Electronics and Power Engineering (CPE-POWERENG). 2016; ():94-99.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRafal Leszczyna; Michal R. Wrobel; Robert Malkowski. 2016. "Security requirements and controls for incident information sharing in the polish power system." 2016 10th International Conference on Compatibility, Power Electronics and Power Engineering (CPE-POWERENG) , no. : 94-99.
One of the main issues related to the optimization of the MV (middle voltage) network is to reduce losses of active and reactive power. Lower losses of active and reactive power give not only economic advantage, but also improvement of energy quality. The object of regulation that can be used for these purposes are transformer with On-Load Tap Changer and capacitor's banks. This paper presents results of analysis of the possibility of using capacitor banks installed inside the MV network (in industrial consumer) in order to minimize power losses in the power network. The results of analysis allowed to determine which of the criteria adjustment: constant voltage or maintain constant values of power factor tgφ, in individual buses is better. It was also pointed to the necessity of the coordination between actions of regulators of the transformer and capacitor banks.
Agata Dzionk; Robert Malkowski. Activity coordination of capacitor banks and power transformer controllers in order to reduce power losses in the MV grid. 2016 10th International Conference on Compatibility, Power Electronics and Power Engineering (CPE-POWERENG) 2016, 27 -32.
AMA StyleAgata Dzionk, Robert Malkowski. Activity coordination of capacitor banks and power transformer controllers in order to reduce power losses in the MV grid. 2016 10th International Conference on Compatibility, Power Electronics and Power Engineering (CPE-POWERENG). 2016; ():27-32.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAgata Dzionk; Robert Malkowski. 2016. "Activity coordination of capacitor banks and power transformer controllers in order to reduce power losses in the MV grid." 2016 10th International Conference on Compatibility, Power Electronics and Power Engineering (CPE-POWERENG) , no. : 27-32.
Process of power system restoration, especially after blackout, is very complicated logistically and technically. In order to restore thermal power plant in power system, as a source of power hydro power plant is commonly used. The distance between these power plants may be relatively high – even over 500 km. High voltage overhead transmission lines to connect the power plants during the creation of post blackout start-up path are switched on under no load condition. Relatively high value of natural reactive power of these lines makes that value of voltage at the end of the switched line may reach an unacceptable high level, in spite of application of typical algorithm of automatic voltage regulator of synchronous generator. In the paper a new method of effective use of load compensation during creation of post blackout start-up path is proposed. Theoretical assumptions and simulation results of an investigation are presented. An experiment performed in the Polish Power System is also described. This experiment proved that the method proposed by the authors is advisable. The method may be utilized by power system operators for power system restoration process in emergency conditions. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.eie.22.4.15907
Robert Malkowski; Maciej Losinski; Stanislaw Czapp; Robert Kowalak. A New Method of the Load Compensation Use during Creation of Post Blackout Start-up Path in Power System. Elektronika ir Elektrotechnika 2016, 22, 1 .
AMA StyleRobert Malkowski, Maciej Losinski, Stanislaw Czapp, Robert Kowalak. A New Method of the Load Compensation Use during Creation of Post Blackout Start-up Path in Power System. Elektronika ir Elektrotechnika. 2016; 22 (4):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRobert Malkowski; Maciej Losinski; Stanislaw Czapp; Robert Kowalak. 2016. "A New Method of the Load Compensation Use during Creation of Post Blackout Start-up Path in Power System." Elektronika ir Elektrotechnika 22, no. 4: 1.
This paper presents the influence of automatic voltage regulator (AVR) of synchronous generator on the process of creation of post black-out start-up path. Two elements of AVR have a significant impact on this process underexcitation limiter (UEL) and load compensation (LC). The authors present a theoretical investigation and simulation results that illustrate how the mentioned elements of AVR affect voltage levels in a power system during the creation of start-up path. The results of the study show that present procedures of the preparation of start-up path in Polish Power System should be modified.
Robert Malkowski; Stanislaw Czapp; Robert Kowalak; Maciej Losinski. Study of the operation of synchronous generator voltage regulator during the creation of post blackout start-up path. 2015 International Conference on Information and Digital Technologies 2015, 239 -243.
AMA StyleRobert Malkowski, Stanislaw Czapp, Robert Kowalak, Maciej Losinski. Study of the operation of synchronous generator voltage regulator during the creation of post blackout start-up path. 2015 International Conference on Information and Digital Technologies. 2015; ():239-243.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRobert Malkowski; Stanislaw Czapp; Robert Kowalak; Maciej Losinski. 2015. "Study of the operation of synchronous generator voltage regulator during the creation of post blackout start-up path." 2015 International Conference on Information and Digital Technologies , no. : 239-243.
The Polish Power System is becoming increasingly more dependent on Information and Communication Technologies which results in its exposure to cyberattacks, including the evolved and highly sophisticated threats such as Advanced Persistent Threats or Distributed Denial of Service attacks. The most exposed components are SCADA systems in substations and Distributed Control Systems in power plants. When addressing this situation the usual cyber security technologies are prerequisite, but not sufficient. With the rapidly evolving cyber threat landscape the use of partnerships and information sharing has become critical. However due to several anonymity concerns the relevant stakeholders may become reluctant to exchange sensitive information about security incidents. In the paper a multi-agent architecture is presented for the Polish Power System which addresses the anonymity concerns.
Rafal Leszczyna; Maciej Losinski; Robert Malkowski. Security information sharing for the polish power system. 2015 Modern Electric Power Systems (MEPS) 2015, 1 -6.
AMA StyleRafal Leszczyna, Maciej Losinski, Robert Malkowski. Security information sharing for the polish power system. 2015 Modern Electric Power Systems (MEPS). 2015; ():1-6.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRafal Leszczyna; Maciej Losinski; Robert Malkowski. 2015. "Security information sharing for the polish power system." 2015 Modern Electric Power Systems (MEPS) , no. : 1-6.
The use of shunt compensators such as FACTS (for example SVC) in power systems gives possibility of fast and flexible control of voltage or reactive power. An efficient cooperation between a transformer and compensator connected to busbars, or transformer's tertiary winding, requires a proper coordination of controls. The article contains theoretical considerations and simulation results which indicate that such coordination is necessary. The principal recommendations for the transformer and compensator controllers settings and the coordination between control systems have been presented.
Robert Malkowski; Robert Kowalak; Jacek Klucznik; Malkowski Robert. SVC and power transformers controllers coordination. 2015 IEEE Eindhoven PowerTech 2015, 1 -5.
AMA StyleRobert Malkowski, Robert Kowalak, Jacek Klucznik, Malkowski Robert. SVC and power transformers controllers coordination. 2015 IEEE Eindhoven PowerTech. 2015; ():1-5.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRobert Malkowski; Robert Kowalak; Jacek Klucznik; Malkowski Robert. 2015. "SVC and power transformers controllers coordination." 2015 IEEE Eindhoven PowerTech , no. : 1-5.
Robert Malkowski; Zbigniew Szczerba. The Large Customer Reactive Power Control Possibilities. Acta Energetica 2014, 1, 114 -119.
AMA StyleRobert Malkowski, Zbigniew Szczerba. The Large Customer Reactive Power Control Possibilities. Acta Energetica. 2014; 1 (18):114-119.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRobert Malkowski; Zbigniew Szczerba. 2014. "The Large Customer Reactive Power Control Possibilities." Acta Energetica 1, no. 18: 114-119.