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Bacterial cell immobilization offers considerable advantages over traditional biotreatment methods using free bacteria. Bacillus velezensis was underwented isolation and genetic identification as COD-degrading bacteria in slaughter wastewaterand immobilized on the surface of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) microsphere with the adhesion to bio-carrier through direct physical adsorption. The removal CODMn rates of microsphere (PVA) immobilized cells were 16.99%, increased 9.38% from a 50% concentration of slaughter wastewater within 24 h at 37 °C, pH 7.0, and 120 rpm, which was about 2.2 times that of the free bacteria. A significant difference was found in two groups (p< 0.01 p value less than 0.01 means statistical significance), and the COD degradation rate of the microsphere immobilized Bacillus velezensis strain was higher than the control group (PVA: control vs 20.08: 10.81), with the processing time reaching 36 h (p< 0.05). Additionally, similar results were obtained from a 20% concentration of slaughter wastewater within 24 h and 36 h. Moreover, the starch and protein digestibility of the immobilized Bacillus velezensis strain was higher than that of the free bacteria (20.1%: 42.2% vs. 17.5%: 37.2%). These findings revealed that the PVA-bacteria system was a simple, green, and inexpensive process, as well as a promising method. The research goal is aimed to synergize the effects of adsorption and biodegradation, as it can enhance organic removal by immobilized Bacillus velezensis in slaughter wastewater. Moreover, it may be possible that more potential materials can be used as biological carriers for the immobilization of bacterial cells later, which is beneficial for the recycling of resources.
Jing Deng; Qijue Chen; Boyong Hu; Wen Li; Mingxi Jia; Yi Shi; Shouyao Xiong; Jie Bai; Huaqun Yin. Synergic Effect of Adsorption and Biodegradation by Microsphere Immobilizing Bacillus velezensis for Enhanced Removal Organics in Slaughter Wastewater. Processes 2021, 9, 1145 .
AMA StyleJing Deng, Qijue Chen, Boyong Hu, Wen Li, Mingxi Jia, Yi Shi, Shouyao Xiong, Jie Bai, Huaqun Yin. Synergic Effect of Adsorption and Biodegradation by Microsphere Immobilizing Bacillus velezensis for Enhanced Removal Organics in Slaughter Wastewater. Processes. 2021; 9 (7):1145.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJing Deng; Qijue Chen; Boyong Hu; Wen Li; Mingxi Jia; Yi Shi; Shouyao Xiong; Jie Bai; Huaqun Yin. 2021. "Synergic Effect of Adsorption and Biodegradation by Microsphere Immobilizing Bacillus velezensis for Enhanced Removal Organics in Slaughter Wastewater." Processes 9, no. 7: 1145.
This paper studies the optimal production planning in a hybrid Make-To-Stock (MTS) and Make-To-Order (MTO) production system for a single product under the cap-and-trade environment. The manufacturer aims to minimize the total cost in production, inventory and emissions allowances trading. The decisions include the selection of production mode (pure MTS, pure MTO or hybrid MTS/MTO), the inventory and emissions trading quantity. We derive the optimal solution analytically. We show that the cost of optimal MTO/MTS hybrid production strategy is remarkably less than that of either pure MTO or pure MTS production strategy alone. Compared with the no initial carbon quota and trading environment, there are significant differences in the optimal production decisions under trading environment. When the emissions cost is a source of costs, the manufacturer has to face more costs pressure even if there is no emissions allowance trading. In particular, the results show that the initial emissions allowance determines the optimal production decision and emissions allowance trading decision in cases where the difference between the inventory cost for per unit product and the delayed delivery cost for per unit order is between the minimum and the maximum emissions cost and has no effect on production mode and emissions allowances trading decision in other cases. These conclusions will provide optimal production decision and carbon trading decision for the manufacture under a cap-and-trade environment.
Shouyao Xiong; Yuanyuan Feng; Kai Huang. Optimal MTS and MTO Hybrid Production System for a Single Product Under the Cap-And-Trade Environment. Sustainability 2020, 12, 2426 .
AMA StyleShouyao Xiong, Yuanyuan Feng, Kai Huang. Optimal MTS and MTO Hybrid Production System for a Single Product Under the Cap-And-Trade Environment. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (6):2426.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShouyao Xiong; Yuanyuan Feng; Kai Huang. 2020. "Optimal MTS and MTO Hybrid Production System for a Single Product Under the Cap-And-Trade Environment." Sustainability 12, no. 6: 2426.