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Quantifying the impact of carbon (C) and timber prices on harvest scheduling and economic returns is essential to define strategies for the sustainable management of short-rotation plantations so that they can provide timber products and contribute to C sequestration. In this paper, we present a mixed-integer linear programming model that optimizes harvest scheduling at the forest level, C sequestration, and Net Present Value (NPV) over a planning period of up to 15 years. The model included revenue from the sale of timber (pulplogs) and credits from the net C sequestered during the life of the stands. In addition, plantation establishment, management, harvesting, and transportation costs were included in the analysis. The study area comprised 88 Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill and Eucalyptus dunnii Maiden stands located in Uruguay, totaling a forest area of nearly 1882 ha. The study investigated the impact of C and timber prices on NPV, harvest schedules, stands’ harvest age, timber flows to customers, and C sequestered per period. The maximum NPV among all the scenarios evaluated (USD 7.53 M) was calculated for a C price of 30 USD t−1, an interest rate of 6%, and a timber price of 75 USD m−3. This was USD 2.14 M higher than the scenario with the same parameters but that included only revenue from timber. C prices also impacted stands’ harvest age, C sequestration, and timber flows delivered to end customers. On average, in scenarios that included C prices, timber flows and C sequestration increased by 15.4 and 12.1%, respectively, when C price increased from 5 to 30 USD t−1. These results demonstrate that harvest scheduling, harvest age, and NPV are very sensitive to C and timber, and that the best economic returns are obtained when the stands are managed to maximize timber production and C sequestration.
Andrés Hirigoyen; Mauricio Acuna; Cecilia Rachid-Casnati; Jorge Franco; Rafael Navarro-Cerrillo. Use of Optimization Modeling to Assess the Effect of Timber and Carbon Pricing on Harvest Scheduling, Carbon Sequestration, and Net Present Value of Eucalyptus Plantations. Forests 2021, 12, 651 .
AMA StyleAndrés Hirigoyen, Mauricio Acuna, Cecilia Rachid-Casnati, Jorge Franco, Rafael Navarro-Cerrillo. Use of Optimization Modeling to Assess the Effect of Timber and Carbon Pricing on Harvest Scheduling, Carbon Sequestration, and Net Present Value of Eucalyptus Plantations. Forests. 2021; 12 (6):651.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndrés Hirigoyen; Mauricio Acuna; Cecilia Rachid-Casnati; Jorge Franco; Rafael Navarro-Cerrillo. 2021. "Use of Optimization Modeling to Assess the Effect of Timber and Carbon Pricing on Harvest Scheduling, Carbon Sequestration, and Net Present Value of Eucalyptus Plantations." Forests 12, no. 6: 651.
Many planted Pinus forests are severely affected by defoliation and mortality processes caused by pests and droughts. The mapping of forest tree crown variables (e.g., leaf area index and pigments) is particularly useful in stand delineation for the management of declining forests. This work explores the potential of integrating multispectral WorldView-2 (WV-2) and Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS) data for stand delineation based on selected tree crown variables in Pinus sylvestris plantations in southern Spain. Needle pigments (chlorophyll and carotenes) and leaf area index (LAI) were quantified. Eight vegetation indices and ALS-derived metrics were produced, and seven predictors were selected to estimate and map tree crown variables using a Random Forest method and Gini index. Chlorophylls a and b (Chla and Chlb) were significantly higher in the non-defoliated and moderately defoliated trees than in severely defoliated trees (F = 14.02, p < 0.001 for Chla; F = 13.09, p < 0.001 for Chlb). A similar response was observed for carotenoids (Car) (F = 14.13, p < 0.001). The LAI also showed significant differences among the defoliation levels (F = 26.5, p < 0.001). The model for the chlorophyll a pigment used two vegetation indices, Plant Senescence Reflectance Index (PSRI) and Carotenoid Reflectance Index (CRI); three WV-2 band metrics, and three ALS metrics. The model built to describe the tree Chlb content used similar variables. The defoliation classification model was established with a single vegetation index, Green Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (GNDVI); two metrics of the blue band, and two ALS metrics. The pigment contents models provided R2 values of 0.87 (Chla, RMSE = 12.98%), 0.74 (Chlb, RMSE = 10.39%), and 0.88 (Car, RMSE = 10.05%). The cross-validated confusion matrix achieved a high overall classification accuracy (84.05%) and Kappa index (0.76). Defoliation and Chla showed the validation values for segmentations and, therefore, in the generation of the stand delineation. A total of 104 stands were delineated, ranging from 6.96 to 54.62 ha (average stand area = 16.26 ha). The distribution map of the predicted severity values in the P. sylvestris plantations showed a mosaic of severity patterns at the stand and individual tree scales. Overall, the findings of this work underscore the potential of WV-2 and ALS data integration for the assessment of stand delineation based on tree health status. The derived cartography is a relevant tool for developing adaptive silvicultural practices to reduce Pinus sylvestris mortality in planted forests at risk due to climate change.
Mª Varo-Martínez; Rafael Navarro-Cerrillo. Stand Delineation of Pinus sylvestris L. Plantations Suffering Decline Processes Based on Biophysical Tree Crown Variables: A Necessary Tool for Adaptive Silviculture. Remote Sensing 2021, 13, 436 .
AMA StyleMª Varo-Martínez, Rafael Navarro-Cerrillo. Stand Delineation of Pinus sylvestris L. Plantations Suffering Decline Processes Based on Biophysical Tree Crown Variables: A Necessary Tool for Adaptive Silviculture. Remote Sensing. 2021; 13 (3):436.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMª Varo-Martínez; Rafael Navarro-Cerrillo. 2021. "Stand Delineation of Pinus sylvestris L. Plantations Suffering Decline Processes Based on Biophysical Tree Crown Variables: A Necessary Tool for Adaptive Silviculture." Remote Sensing 13, no. 3: 436.
The Juniperus genus has long been used and studied for the chemical components of its aerial parts (leaves, bark, twigs) and their bioactivity. Nevertheless, these studies and their compilation have been primarily focused on Europe and North America distributed taxa, leaving the knowledge and economic potential of the endangered Caribbean taxa highly underrepresented in literature. Although, these conifers have been barely investigated for their bioactive compounds, bibliography does indicate the presence of potent antitumoral, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial molecules such as deoxypodophyllotoxin, podophyllotoxin, amentoflavone and widdrol. Additional phytochemical potential can also be inferred from the systematical essential oil studies of the taxa, the only source of chemical composition information on most of them. These investigations can aid in the narrowing down of the possible bioactivities their lipidic extracts may possess, while also providing clues for the bioassays necessary to confirm them. This review aims to compile the known information on the usage, bioactivity and chemical composition of the Hispaniolian J. gracilior varieties and their phylogenetically proximal taxa (J. gracilior var. saxicola, J. barbadensis and J. bermudiana), to propitiate more holistic and in depth chemical studies on these potential phytochemical sources, in turn providing an economical incentive for their conservation.
Carolina Juncá Morales; Luis Enrique Rodríguez de Francisco; Cristina López Hidalgo; Rafael M Navarro Cerrillo; Omar Paíno Perdomo; Jesús Valentín Jorrín Novo. Endemic Juniperus gracilior varieties of the Hispaniola island, tree taxa of environmental and economic relevance and a valuable phytochemical source. Bosque (Valdivia) 2021, 42, 7 -22.
AMA StyleCarolina Juncá Morales, Luis Enrique Rodríguez de Francisco, Cristina López Hidalgo, Rafael M Navarro Cerrillo, Omar Paíno Perdomo, Jesús Valentín Jorrín Novo. Endemic Juniperus gracilior varieties of the Hispaniola island, tree taxa of environmental and economic relevance and a valuable phytochemical source. Bosque (Valdivia). 2021; 42 (1):7-22.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarolina Juncá Morales; Luis Enrique Rodríguez de Francisco; Cristina López Hidalgo; Rafael M Navarro Cerrillo; Omar Paíno Perdomo; Jesús Valentín Jorrín Novo. 2021. "Endemic Juniperus gracilior varieties of the Hispaniola island, tree taxa of environmental and economic relevance and a valuable phytochemical source." Bosque (Valdivia) 42, no. 1: 7-22.
Airborne lidar scanner (ALS) technology is used in a variety of applications, including forestry. ALS has enormous potential for the estimation of relevant biometric parameters in forest plantations. This study investigates the use of an object-oriented semi-automated segmentation algorithm for stands delineation, based on modeling ALS data, in plantations of Eucalyptus grandis and E. dunnii in Uruguay. The results show that non-parametric methods delivered more accurate and less biased results for total volume (TV) with R2 0.93, RMSE 20.04 m3 h−1 for E. grandis and R2 0.93, RMSE 18.43 m3 h−1 for E.dunnii; and above ground biomass (AGB) with R2 0.95, RMSE 70.2 kg h−1 for E. grandis and R2 0.96, RMSE: 71.2 Kg h−1 for E. dunnii. Parametric methods performed better for dominant height (Ho) with R2 0.98, RMSE 0.67 m and R2: 0.96, RMSE: 0.8 m for E. grandis and E. dunnii, respectively. The most informative ALS metrics for the estimation of AGB and TV were metrics related to the elevation in parametric models (Elev.70 and Elev.75), while for the non-parametric models (k-NN) they were Elev.75 and canopy density. For Ho, the ALS metrics selected were also related to elevation both in the parametric (Elev.90 and Elev.99) and random forest models (Elev.max and Elev.75). The segmentation methodology proposed here matched closely the segments delineated by human operators, and provides a low-cost, cost-effective, easy to apply and update model aimed at generating AGB or TV maps for harvest tasks, based on rasters derived from ALS metrics. The present research shows the capacity of ALS metrics to improve extensive strategic inventories; validating and promoting the adoption of ALS technology for inventory forest stands of Eucalyptus spp. in Uruguay.
Andrés Hirigoyen; Mª Varo-Martinez; Cecilia Rachid-Casnati; Jorge Franco; Rafael Navarro-Cerrillo. Stand Characterization of Eucalyptus spp. Plantations in Uruguay Using Airborne Lidar Scanner Technology. Remote Sensing 2020, 12, 3947 .
AMA StyleAndrés Hirigoyen, Mª Varo-Martinez, Cecilia Rachid-Casnati, Jorge Franco, Rafael Navarro-Cerrillo. Stand Characterization of Eucalyptus spp. Plantations in Uruguay Using Airborne Lidar Scanner Technology. Remote Sensing. 2020; 12 (23):3947.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndrés Hirigoyen; Mª Varo-Martinez; Cecilia Rachid-Casnati; Jorge Franco; Rafael Navarro-Cerrillo. 2020. "Stand Characterization of Eucalyptus spp. Plantations in Uruguay Using Airborne Lidar Scanner Technology." Remote Sensing 12, no. 23: 3947.
Forest vulnerability to drought is expected to increase under anthropogenic climate change, and drought-induced mortality and community dynamics following drought have major ecological and societal impacts. Here, we show that tree mortality concomitant with drought has led to short-term (mean 5 y, range 1 to 23 y after mortality) vegetation-type conversion in multiple biomes across the world (131 sites). Self-replacement of the dominant tree species was only prevalent in 21% of the examined cases and forests and woodlands shifted to nonwoody vegetation in 10% of them. The ultimate temporal persistence of such changes remains unknown but, given the key role of biological legacies in long-term ecological succession, this emerging picture of postdrought ecological trajectories highlights the potential for major ecosystem reorganization in the coming decades. Community changes were less pronounced under wetter postmortality conditions. Replacement was also influenced by management intensity, and postdrought shrub dominance was higher when pathogens acted as codrivers of tree mortality. Early change in community composition indicates that forests dominated by mesic species generally shifted toward more xeric communities, with replacing tree and shrub species exhibiting drier bioclimatic optima and distribution ranges. However, shifts toward more mesic communities also occurred and multiple pathways of forest replacement were observed for some species. Drought characteristics, species-specific environmental preferences, plant traits, and ecosystem legacies govern postdrought species turnover and subsequent ecological trajectories, with potential far-reaching implications for forest biodiversity and ecosystem services.
Enric Batllori; Francisco Lloret; Tuomas Aakala; William R. L. Anderegg; Ermias Aynekulu; Devin P. Bendixsen; Abdallah Bentouati; Christof Bigler; C. John Burk; J. Julio Camarero; Michele Colangelo; Jonathan D. Coop; Roderick Fensham; M. Lisa Floyd; Lucía Galiano; Joseph L. Ganey; Patrick Gonzalez; Anna L. Jacobsen; Jeffrey Michael Kane; Thomas Kitzberger; Juan C. Linares; Suzanne B. Marchetti; George Matusick; Michael Michaelian; Rafael M. Navarro-Cerrillo; Robert Brandon Pratt; Miranda D. Redmond; Andreas Rigling; Francesco Ripullone; Gabriel Sangüesa-Barreda; Yamila Sasal; Sandra Saura-Mas; Maria Laura Suarez; Thomas T. Veblen; Albert Vilà-Cabrera; Caroline Vincke; Ben Zeeman. Forest and woodland replacement patterns following drought-related mortality. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2020, 117, 29720 -29729.
AMA StyleEnric Batllori, Francisco Lloret, Tuomas Aakala, William R. L. Anderegg, Ermias Aynekulu, Devin P. Bendixsen, Abdallah Bentouati, Christof Bigler, C. John Burk, J. Julio Camarero, Michele Colangelo, Jonathan D. Coop, Roderick Fensham, M. Lisa Floyd, Lucía Galiano, Joseph L. Ganey, Patrick Gonzalez, Anna L. Jacobsen, Jeffrey Michael Kane, Thomas Kitzberger, Juan C. Linares, Suzanne B. Marchetti, George Matusick, Michael Michaelian, Rafael M. Navarro-Cerrillo, Robert Brandon Pratt, Miranda D. Redmond, Andreas Rigling, Francesco Ripullone, Gabriel Sangüesa-Barreda, Yamila Sasal, Sandra Saura-Mas, Maria Laura Suarez, Thomas T. Veblen, Albert Vilà-Cabrera, Caroline Vincke, Ben Zeeman. Forest and woodland replacement patterns following drought-related mortality. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2020; 117 (47):29720-29729.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEnric Batllori; Francisco Lloret; Tuomas Aakala; William R. L. Anderegg; Ermias Aynekulu; Devin P. Bendixsen; Abdallah Bentouati; Christof Bigler; C. John Burk; J. Julio Camarero; Michele Colangelo; Jonathan D. Coop; Roderick Fensham; M. Lisa Floyd; Lucía Galiano; Joseph L. Ganey; Patrick Gonzalez; Anna L. Jacobsen; Jeffrey Michael Kane; Thomas Kitzberger; Juan C. Linares; Suzanne B. Marchetti; George Matusick; Michael Michaelian; Rafael M. Navarro-Cerrillo; Robert Brandon Pratt; Miranda D. Redmond; Andreas Rigling; Francesco Ripullone; Gabriel Sangüesa-Barreda; Yamila Sasal; Sandra Saura-Mas; Maria Laura Suarez; Thomas T. Veblen; Albert Vilà-Cabrera; Caroline Vincke; Ben Zeeman. 2020. "Forest and woodland replacement patterns following drought-related mortality." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 47: 29720-29729.
Systematic forest networks of health monitoring have been established to follow changes in tree vigor and mortality. These networks often lack long-term growth data, but they could be complemented with tree ring data, since both defoliation and radial growth are proxies of changes in tree vigor. For instance, a severe water shortage should reduce growth and increase tree defoliation in drought-prone areas. However, the effects of climatic stress and drought on growth and defoliation could also depend on tree age. To address these issues, we compared growth and defoliation data with recent climate variability and drought severity in Abies pinsapo old and young trees sampled in Southern Spain, where a systematic health network (Andalucía Permanent Plot Network) was established. Our aims were: (i) to assess the growth sensitivity of old and young A. pinsapo trees and (ii) to test if relative changes in radial growth were related with recent defoliation, for instance, after severe droughts. We also computed the resilience indices to quantify how old and young trees recovered growth after recent droughts. Wet-cool conditions during the prior autumn and the current early summer improved the growth of old trees, whereas late-spring wet conditions enhanced the growth of young trees. Old trees were more sensitive to wet and sunny conditions in the early summer than young trees. Old and young trees were more responsive to the Standardized Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index drought index of June–July and July–August calculated at short (one–three months) and mid (three–six months) time scales, respectively. Old trees presented a higher resistance to a severe drought in 1995 than young trees. A positive association was found between stand defoliation and relative growth. Combining monitoring and tree ring networks is useful for the detection of early warning signals of dieback in similar drought-prone forests.
Rafael Navarro-Cerrillo; Antonio Gazol; Carlos Rodríguez-Vallejo; Rubén Manzanedo; Guillermo Palacios-Rodríguez; J. Camarero. Linkages between Climate, Radial Growth and Defoliation in Abies pinsapo Forests from Southern Spain. Forests 2020, 11, 1002 .
AMA StyleRafael Navarro-Cerrillo, Antonio Gazol, Carlos Rodríguez-Vallejo, Rubén Manzanedo, Guillermo Palacios-Rodríguez, J. Camarero. Linkages between Climate, Radial Growth and Defoliation in Abies pinsapo Forests from Southern Spain. Forests. 2020; 11 (9):1002.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRafael Navarro-Cerrillo; Antonio Gazol; Carlos Rodríguez-Vallejo; Rubén Manzanedo; Guillermo Palacios-Rodríguez; J. Camarero. 2020. "Linkages between Climate, Radial Growth and Defoliation in Abies pinsapo Forests from Southern Spain." Forests 11, no. 9: 1002.
Plantations of Mediterranean pines will face warmer and drier climate conditions during the 21st century. However, we lack field assessments of how severe droughts could threaten the viability of many of these plantations, often located at xeric sites and lacking adaptive management measures such as thinning. In this work, we related radial-growth variability to recent defoliation, to evaluate the resilience and vulnerability of Maritime pine (Pinus pinaster) plantations from xeric sites in south-eastern Spain to three recent droughts (1995, 2005, and 2012). Tree diameter and growth resistance after the most severe drought, which occurred in 1995, were positively related to growth. In addition, the current defoliation level, a proxy for tree vigor, was related to growth, decreasing as tree-to-tree competition increased. These findings indicate that increasing drought will reduce growth and increase the needle loss and mortality rate across many dense pine plantations in the Mediterranean Basin, suggesting that they are more prone to die. Thus, limited resilience of plantations may explain their higher defoliation and indicate that future severe droughts could lead to widespread dieback and high mortality at marginal sites. Therefore, if effective management is not implemented, warmer and drier conditions will likely threaten the viability of many of these drought-prone plantations and their ability to deliver key ecosystem services.
Carlos Rodriguez-Vallejo; Rafael M. Navarro-Cerrillo; Rubén D. Manzanedo; Guillermo Palacios Rodriguez; Antonio Gazol; J. Julio Camarero. High resilience, but low viability, of pine plantations in the face of a shift towards a drier climate. Forest Ecology and Management 2020, 479, 118537 .
AMA StyleCarlos Rodriguez-Vallejo, Rafael M. Navarro-Cerrillo, Rubén D. Manzanedo, Guillermo Palacios Rodriguez, Antonio Gazol, J. Julio Camarero. High resilience, but low viability, of pine plantations in the face of a shift towards a drier climate. Forest Ecology and Management. 2020; 479 ():118537.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarlos Rodriguez-Vallejo; Rafael M. Navarro-Cerrillo; Rubén D. Manzanedo; Guillermo Palacios Rodriguez; Antonio Gazol; J. Julio Camarero. 2020. "High resilience, but low viability, of pine plantations in the face of a shift towards a drier climate." Forest Ecology and Management 479, no. : 118537.
Eucalyptus grandis and E. dunnii have high productive potential in the South of Brazil, Uruguay, and central Argentina. This is based on the similarity of the climate and soil of these areas, which form an eco-region called Campos. However, previous results show that these species have differences in their distribution caused by the prioritization of Uruguayan soils for forestry, explained by the particular conditions of each site. In this study, the site variables (climate, soil, and topography) that better explain the distribution of both species were identified, and prediction models of current and future distribution were adjusted for different climate change scenarios (years 2050 and 2070). The distribution of E. grandis was associated with soil parameters, whereas for E. dunnii a greater effect of the climatic variables was observed. The ensemble biomod2 model was the most precise with regard to predicting the habitat for both species with respect to the simple models evaluated. For E. dunnii, the average values of the AUC, Kappa, and TSS index were 0.98, 0.88, and 0.77, respectively. For E. grandis, their values were 0.97, 0.86, and 0.80, respectively. In the projections of climatic change, the distribution of E. grandis occurrence remains practically unchanged, even in the scenarios of temperature increase. However, current distribution of E. dunnii shows high susceptibility in a scenario of increased temperature, to the point that most of the area currently planted may be at risk. Our results might be useful to political government and foresters for decision making in terms of future planted areas.
Fernando Resquin; Joaquín Duque-Lazo; Cristina Acosta-Muñoz; Cecilia Rachid-Casnati; Leonidas Carrasco-Letelier; Rafael M. Navarro-Cerrillo. Modelling Current and Future Potential Habitats for Plantations of Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden and E. dunnii Maiden in Uruguay. Forests 2020, 11, 948 .
AMA StyleFernando Resquin, Joaquín Duque-Lazo, Cristina Acosta-Muñoz, Cecilia Rachid-Casnati, Leonidas Carrasco-Letelier, Rafael M. Navarro-Cerrillo. Modelling Current and Future Potential Habitats for Plantations of Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden and E. dunnii Maiden in Uruguay. Forests. 2020; 11 (9):948.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFernando Resquin; Joaquín Duque-Lazo; Cristina Acosta-Muñoz; Cecilia Rachid-Casnati; Leonidas Carrasco-Letelier; Rafael M. Navarro-Cerrillo. 2020. "Modelling Current and Future Potential Habitats for Plantations of Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden and E. dunnii Maiden in Uruguay." Forests 11, no. 9: 948.
The effective and efficient planning of rural land-use changes and their impact on the environment is critical for land-use managers. Many land-use growth models have been proposed for forecasting growth patterns in the last few years. In this work; a cellular automata (CA)-based land-use model (Metronamica) was tested to simulate (1999–2007) and predict (2007–2035) land-use dynamics and land-use changes in Andalucía (Spain). The model was calibrated using temporal changes in land-use covers and was evaluated by the Kappa index. GIS-based maps were generated to study major rural land-use changes (agriculture and forests). The change matrix for 1999–2007 showed an overall area change of 674971 ha. The dominant land uses in 2007 were shrubs (30.7%), woody crops on dry land (17.3%), and herbaceous crops on dry land (12.7%). The comparison between the reference and the simulated land-use maps of 2007 showed a Kappa index of 0.91. The land-cover map for the projected PRELUDE scenarios provided the land-cover characteristics of 2035 in Andalusia; developed within the Metronamica model scenarios (Great Escape; Evolved Society; Clustered Network; Lettuce Surprise U; and Big Crisis). The greatest differences were found between Great Escape and Clustered Network and Lettuce Surprise U. The observed trend (1999–2007–2035) showed the greatest similarity with the Big Crisis scenario. Land-use projections facilitate the understanding of the future dynamics of land-use change in rural areas; and hence the development of more appropriate plans and policies
Rafael M. Navarro Cerrillo; Guillermo Palacios Rodríguez; Inmaculada Clavero Rumbao; Miguel Ángel Lara; Francisco Javier Bonet; Francisco-Javier Mesas-Carrascosa. Modeling Major Rural Land-Use Changes Using the GIS-Based Cellular Automata Metronamica Model: The Case of Andalusia (Southern Spain). ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 2020, 9, 458 .
AMA StyleRafael M. Navarro Cerrillo, Guillermo Palacios Rodríguez, Inmaculada Clavero Rumbao, Miguel Ángel Lara, Francisco Javier Bonet, Francisco-Javier Mesas-Carrascosa. Modeling Major Rural Land-Use Changes Using the GIS-Based Cellular Automata Metronamica Model: The Case of Andalusia (Southern Spain). ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information. 2020; 9 (7):458.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRafael M. Navarro Cerrillo; Guillermo Palacios Rodríguez; Inmaculada Clavero Rumbao; Miguel Ángel Lara; Francisco Javier Bonet; Francisco-Javier Mesas-Carrascosa. 2020. "Modeling Major Rural Land-Use Changes Using the GIS-Based Cellular Automata Metronamica Model: The Case of Andalusia (Southern Spain)." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 9, no. 7: 458.
Between 1994 and 2017, 137,455 ha of agricultural land were afforested in Andalusia (Spain), using a great diversity of tree species, under the Common Agricultural Policy scheme. Quercus ilex and Pinus halepensis were the most used species. In view of the need to know the spatial distribution of survival according to the potential species habitat, the current survival was assessed under current and foreseeable future climate change scenarios, using ensemble species distribution models (SDMs). Predicted potential distributions together with 2009 survival data were used to predict the distribution of the survival rate of the two species. The set modelling approach gave very accurate results for the current potential distribution of Q. ilex (AUCtrain = 0.908, TSS = 0.647, Kappa = 0.647) and P. halepensis (AUCtrain = 0.983, TSS = 0869, Kappa = 0.868) and moderately accurate estimates of the distribution of the survival rate of Q. ilex and P. halepensis (RMSE = 0.23). It was found that 25–38% of the Q. ilex and P. halepensis plantations planted between 1993 and 2000 were established in the optimal area of occurrence (probability of occurrence > 70%), but only 12.3% (Q. ilex) and 22.9% (P. halepensis) presented simultaneously an acceptable survival rate (> 50%). In addition, the volume of the environmental space defined by Q. ilex decreased, while that defined by P. halepensis remained constant in future projections under climate change. The potential of SDMs to predict the survival rate distribution of Q. ilex and P. halepensis and to assess the future stability for each of these species has been confirmed. In the worst case, ~ 5% of Q. ilex and ~ 33% of P. halepensis of planted surface would withstand climate change.
L. Quinto; Rafael M. Navarro-Cerrillo; Guillermo Palacios-Rodriguez; F. Ruiz-Gómez; J. Duque-Lazo. The current situation and future perspectives of Quercus ilex and Pinus halepensis afforestation on agricultural land in Spain under climate change scenarios. New Forests 2020, 52, 145 -166.
AMA StyleL. Quinto, Rafael M. Navarro-Cerrillo, Guillermo Palacios-Rodriguez, F. Ruiz-Gómez, J. Duque-Lazo. The current situation and future perspectives of Quercus ilex and Pinus halepensis afforestation on agricultural land in Spain under climate change scenarios. New Forests. 2020; 52 (1):145-166.
Chicago/Turabian StyleL. Quinto; Rafael M. Navarro-Cerrillo; Guillermo Palacios-Rodriguez; F. Ruiz-Gómez; J. Duque-Lazo. 2020. "The current situation and future perspectives of Quercus ilex and Pinus halepensis afforestation on agricultural land in Spain under climate change scenarios." New Forests 52, no. 1: 145-166.
Phytophthora root rot is considered one of the main factors associated with holm oak (Quercus ilex L.) mortality. The effectiveness and accuracy of soilborne pathogen and management could be influenced by soil spatial heterogeneity. This factor is of special relevance in many afforestation of southwestern Spain, which were carried out without phytosanitary control of the nursery seedlings. We selected a study area located in a 15 year-old afforestation of Q. ilex, known to be infested by Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands. Soil samples (ntotal = 132) were taken systematically from a grid under 4 trees, and analysed to quantify 12 variables, the colony forming units (cfu) of P. cinnamomi plus 11 physical and chemical soil properties. The combined analysis of all variables was performed with linear mixed models (GLMM), and the spatial patterns of cfu were characterised using an aggregation index (Ia) and a clustering index (ν) by SADIE. Cfu values ranged from 0 to 211 cfu g−1, and the GLMM built with the variables silt, P, K and soil moisture explained the cfu distribution to the greatest extent. The spatial analysis showed that 9 of the 12 variables presented spatial aggregation (Ia > 1), and the clustering of local patches (νi ≥ 1.5) for organic matter, silt, and Ca. The spatial patterns of the P. cinnamomi cfu under planted holm oak trees are related to edaphic variables and canopy cover. Small-scale spatial analysis of microsite variability can predict which areas surrounding trees can influence lower oomycetes cfu availability.
Rafael Sánchez-Cuesta; Rafael M. Navarro-Cerrillo; José L. Quero; Francisco J. Ruiz-Gómez. Small-Scale Abiotic Factors Influencing the Spatial Distribution of Phytophthora cinnamomi under Declining Quercus ilex Trees. Forests 2020, 11, 375 .
AMA StyleRafael Sánchez-Cuesta, Rafael M. Navarro-Cerrillo, José L. Quero, Francisco J. Ruiz-Gómez. Small-Scale Abiotic Factors Influencing the Spatial Distribution of Phytophthora cinnamomi under Declining Quercus ilex Trees. Forests. 2020; 11 (4):375.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRafael Sánchez-Cuesta; Rafael M. Navarro-Cerrillo; José L. Quero; Francisco J. Ruiz-Gómez. 2020. "Small-Scale Abiotic Factors Influencing the Spatial Distribution of Phytophthora cinnamomi under Declining Quercus ilex Trees." Forests 11, no. 4: 375.
We examined the association between habitat variables and the relative impacts of topographic microclimates as a valuable tool for restoration and conservation of Abies pinsapo in southern Spain. We used presence–absence data from A. pinsapo and 79 environmental variables and biomod species distribution models to describe the current and future species habitat across the Sierra de las Nieves Natural Park (southern Spain). A. pinsapo habitat was most strongly associated with microtopographic (solar incidence) and temperature variables, indicating climate-driven changes in microhabitat use. Most of the temperature variation among the study site was attributable to topographic microclimates rather than regional temperature differences, such that differences in microhabitat associations occurred principally between north- and south-facing slopes within the same region. The current potential distribution suggests that around 8.7% (56.44 km2) of the study area is highly suitable for A. pinsapo, with 9.7% (62.84 km2) being moderately suitable. Under different global circulation models and climate change scenarios, the net decrease in suitable habitat is predicted to be 93% of the current distribution by 2040, disappearing altogether by 2099. Our findings also show a sharp reduction of potential restoration areas (1.8% of the current areas). Microclimatic variation generated by the topography offers the microclimate-driven locations of habitat suitability which could shape species’ distribution restoration actions and their responses to environmental change. The approach presented here can provide a rapid assessment of the future conservation status of other important forest tree species in Spain, improving our understanding of the vulnerability of endangered species under climate change, and can be an effective tool for biodiversity conservation, restoration, and management.
R. M. Navarro Cerrillo; J. Duque-Lazo; N. Ríos-Gil; J. J. Guerrero-Álvarez; J. López-Quintanilla; G. Palacios-Rodríguez. Can habitat prediction models contribute to the restoration and conservation of the threatened tree Abies pinsapo Boiss. in Southern Spain? New Forests 2020, 52, 89 -112.
AMA StyleR. M. Navarro Cerrillo, J. Duque-Lazo, N. Ríos-Gil, J. J. Guerrero-Álvarez, J. López-Quintanilla, G. Palacios-Rodríguez. Can habitat prediction models contribute to the restoration and conservation of the threatened tree Abies pinsapo Boiss. in Southern Spain? New Forests. 2020; 52 (1):89-112.
Chicago/Turabian StyleR. M. Navarro Cerrillo; J. Duque-Lazo; N. Ríos-Gil; J. J. Guerrero-Álvarez; J. López-Quintanilla; G. Palacios-Rodríguez. 2020. "Can habitat prediction models contribute to the restoration and conservation of the threatened tree Abies pinsapo Boiss. in Southern Spain?" New Forests 52, no. 1: 89-112.
Conversion of agricultural lands to forest plantations to mitigate rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) has been proposed, but it depends on accurate estimation of the on-site carbon (C) stocks distribution. The use of aerial laser scanning (ALS) data is a rapidly evolving technology for the quantification of C stocks. We evaluated the use of allometric models together with high-density ALS data for the quantification of biomass and soil C stocks in a 14-year-old Quercus ilex and Q. suber plantation in Southwestern Spain. In 2010, a field survey was performed and tree dasometric and biomass variables were measured. Forty-five soil profiles (N = 180 soil samples) were taken systematically and the soil organic C content (SOC) was determined. Biomass and soil organic C values were regressed against individual dasometric variables and total tree height was used as a predictor variable. Aerial laser scanning data were acquired with a point density of 12 points m−2. Relationships among ALS metrics and tree height were determined using stepwise regression models and used in the allometric models to estimate biomass and SOC C stocks. Finally, a C stock map of the holm-cork oak cover in the study area was generated. We found a tree total biomass of 27.9 kg tree−1 for holm oak and 41.1 kg tree−1 for cork oak. In the holm oak plantation, the SOC content was 36.90 Mg ha−1 for the layer 0–40 cm (SOC40) under the tree crown and 29.26 Mg ha−1 for the inter-planted area, with significant differences from the reference agricultural land (33.35 Mg ha−1). Linear regression models were developed to predict the biomass and SOC at the tree scale, based on tree height (R2 > 0.72 for biomass, and R2 > 0.62 for SOC). The overall on-site C stock in the holm-cork oak plantation was 35.11 Mg ha−1, representing a net C stock rise of 0.47 Mg ha−1 yr−1. The ALS data allows a reliable estimation of C stocks in holm and cork oak plantations and high-resolution maps of on-site C stocks are useful for silvicultural planning. The cost of ALS data acquisition has decreased and this method can be generalised to plantations of other Mediterranean species established on agricultural lands at regional scales. However, an increase of filed data and the availability of local biomass and, in particular, SOC will improve accurate quantification of the C stocks from allometric equations, and extrapolation to large planted areas.
Miguel A. Lara-Gómez; Rafael M. Navarro-Cerrillo; Carlos J. Ceacero; Carlos Juan Ceacero Ruiz; José Luis Díaz-Hernández; Guillermo Palacios Rodriguez. Use of Aerial Laser Scanning to Assess the Effect on C Sequestration of Oak (Quercus ilex L. subsp. ballota [Desf.]Samp-Q. suber L.) Afforestation on Agricultural Land. Geosciences 2020, 10, 41 .
AMA StyleMiguel A. Lara-Gómez, Rafael M. Navarro-Cerrillo, Carlos J. Ceacero, Carlos Juan Ceacero Ruiz, José Luis Díaz-Hernández, Guillermo Palacios Rodriguez. Use of Aerial Laser Scanning to Assess the Effect on C Sequestration of Oak (Quercus ilex L. subsp. ballota [Desf.]Samp-Q. suber L.) Afforestation on Agricultural Land. Geosciences. 2020; 10 (2):41.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMiguel A. Lara-Gómez; Rafael M. Navarro-Cerrillo; Carlos J. Ceacero; Carlos Juan Ceacero Ruiz; José Luis Díaz-Hernández; Guillermo Palacios Rodriguez. 2020. "Use of Aerial Laser Scanning to Assess the Effect on C Sequestration of Oak (Quercus ilex L. subsp. ballota [Desf.]Samp-Q. suber L.) Afforestation on Agricultural Land." Geosciences 10, no. 2: 41.
The effects of changes in structure and composition on the dynamics and responses of secondary forests to climate change are understudied. Secondary forests of Abies pinsapo var. maroccana are often a mosaic of patches of various development stages showing different stand structures and successional stages. We hypothesise that the structure, species composition and tree-to-tree competition of A. pinsapo stands in Talassemtane National Park (Riff in northern Morocco) modulate the potential response of these secondary forests to climate change. Nine plots representing three species mixtures were established in A. pinsapo-dominated forests, and dendrometric and dendroecological surveys were conducted. The two-parameter Weibull function was used to investigate the diameter distributions of Abies pinsapo, Pinus nigra subsp. mauritanica. Cedrus atlantica, Acer opalus, Juniperus oxycedrus and Quercus ilex for each site along the compositional gradient. We quantified changes in radial growth, response to climate and drought, and components of growth resilience. Finally, the influence of neighbourhood competition on individual tree growth was evaluated using the a competition index. Diameter distributions had an exponential, reverse-J character for A. pinsapo in pure and C. atlantica mixed stands. By contrast, A. pinsapo presented a positively-skewed diameter distribution dominated by small-sized trees in P. nigra mixed stands. There was a significant correlation between tree growth and climate on all forest types, with differing magnitudes per species. Significant precipitation-growth correlations were found for the previous autumn and winter (October, December) in A. pinsapo. Drought events reduced A. pinsapo’s resistance to subsequent droughts when growing in pure and mixed stands with C. atlantica. This decline was statistically significant by the end of the studied period (1999–2005). In contrast, mixed forests showed the highest recovery after drought. Successive drought events consistently reduced A. pinsapo‘s resilience to drought, regardless of species composition. In pure A. pinsapo and in A. pinsapo-C. atlantica mixed forests, competition reduced A. pinsapo’s growth, while in A. pinsapo-P. nigra mixed forests increased competition with P. nigra seemed to have a positive-to-neutral effect on A. pinsapo growth. Here, we showed that the response to climate and resilience of A. pinsapo forests could be severely influenced by structure, species composition, and competition, potentially influencing our expectations of long-term persistence of old-growth coniferous trees in the Riff mountains. Understanding forest resilience and response to changing climate has important implications towards managing and safeguarding the productivity and health of these old growth forests.
Rafael M Navarro-Cerrillo; Rubén D. Manzanedo; Carlos Rodriguez-Vallejo; Antonio Gazol; Guillermo Palacios-Rodríguez; J. Julio Camarero. Competition modulates the response of growth to climate in pure and mixed Abies pinsapo subsp. Maroccana forests in northern Morocco. Forest Ecology and Management 2020, 459, 117847 .
AMA StyleRafael M Navarro-Cerrillo, Rubén D. Manzanedo, Carlos Rodriguez-Vallejo, Antonio Gazol, Guillermo Palacios-Rodríguez, J. Julio Camarero. Competition modulates the response of growth to climate in pure and mixed Abies pinsapo subsp. Maroccana forests in northern Morocco. Forest Ecology and Management. 2020; 459 ():117847.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRafael M Navarro-Cerrillo; Rubén D. Manzanedo; Carlos Rodriguez-Vallejo; Antonio Gazol; Guillermo Palacios-Rodríguez; J. Julio Camarero. 2020. "Competition modulates the response of growth to climate in pure and mixed Abies pinsapo subsp. Maroccana forests in northern Morocco." Forest Ecology and Management 459, no. : 117847.
Growing interest in functional silviculture is promoting new approaches to the study of seed dispersal and regeneration, two of the key processes that determine the structure and dynamics of plant populations. Nothofagus glauca is an obligate-seeding tree species typical of Mediterranean forests in central Chile. We studied stand structure, regeneration, seed release (quantity and quality) and seed dispersal in stands of N. glauca. Seed release started in mid- to late summer or in early autumn, and continued for a period of four to five months. Seed release reached a number of up to 2 million seeds per hectare. Seed shadow was characterised by a peak of density beneath the plant canopy and a very short tail of much lower densities, indicating that seeds are concentrated beneath mother plants when dispersed. The number of individuals who produced seeds during the season was estimated at 100 trees per hectare, and the highest frequency of seeding trees was observed in the diameter class of 28 cm to 48 cm, with the highest production of seeds in the 43 cm individuals (70 years old). Ninety percent of the regeneration was concentrated within the seed tree crown radius. Only a marginal presence of seedlings was observed outside the crown projection area and decreased as the distance to the base of the tree increased, until reaching a maximum distance of 12 m. It can be concluded that adult N. glauca forests rarely disturbed, tend to form multi-age stand structures.
Rafael Navarro-Cerrillo; Antonio Cabrera-Ariza; Antonio Avaria; Guillermo Palacios-Rodríguez; Rómulo Santelices-Moya. Stand structure, regeneration and seed dispersal patterns of Nothofagus glauca (Hualo) in central Chile. Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science 2020, 82, 75 -85.
AMA StyleRafael Navarro-Cerrillo, Antonio Cabrera-Ariza, Antonio Avaria, Guillermo Palacios-Rodríguez, Rómulo Santelices-Moya. Stand structure, regeneration and seed dispersal patterns of Nothofagus glauca (Hualo) in central Chile. Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science. 2020; 82 (1):75-85.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRafael Navarro-Cerrillo; Antonio Cabrera-Ariza; Antonio Avaria; Guillermo Palacios-Rodríguez; Rómulo Santelices-Moya. 2020. "Stand structure, regeneration and seed dispersal patterns of Nothofagus glauca (Hualo) in central Chile." Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science 82, no. 1: 75-85.
It is predicted that changes in climate will lead to episodes of large forest decline and mortality. Therefore, the distributions of forest plantations and natural stands might already be facing such impacts. We selected the most arid zone of south-eastern Europe (eastern Andalusia) to assess how the distributions of Pinus halepensis Miller. and Pinus pinaster Aiton forest plantations and natural stands cope with climate change and to determine whether natural or planted distributions would be more stable under future climate-change scenarios. We used presence-point locations from natural distributions, obtained from the third Spanish National Forest Inventory, to develop ensemble species distribution models. The forecast predicted a slight increase in the potential distribution of both species by 2040, with a subsequent drastic decrease until 2099. Pinus halepensis had larger current and future potential distributions than P. pinaster but a slightly greater decrease with time in the potential distribution than that of P. pinaster. On the other hand, the natural and planted distributions of P. halepensis were more vulnerable to future climate change scenarios than those of P. pinaster. Natural populations will likely be more resilient to climate change than planted populations.
E Silvério; J Duque-Lazo; R M Navarro-Cerrillo; F Pereña; G Palacios-Rodríguez. Resilience or Vulnerability of the Rear-Edge Distributions of Pinus halepensis and Pinus pinaster Plantations Versus that of Natural Populations, under Climate-Change Scenarios. Forest Science 2019, 66, 178 -190.
AMA StyleE Silvério, J Duque-Lazo, R M Navarro-Cerrillo, F Pereña, G Palacios-Rodríguez. Resilience or Vulnerability of the Rear-Edge Distributions of Pinus halepensis and Pinus pinaster Plantations Versus that of Natural Populations, under Climate-Change Scenarios. Forest Science. 2019; 66 (2):178-190.
Chicago/Turabian StyleE Silvério; J Duque-Lazo; R M Navarro-Cerrillo; F Pereña; G Palacios-Rodríguez. 2019. "Resilience or Vulnerability of the Rear-Edge Distributions of Pinus halepensis and Pinus pinaster Plantations Versus that of Natural Populations, under Climate-Change Scenarios." Forest Science 66, no. 2: 178-190.
Holm oak is a relevant species, both for its distribution and ecological importance. Among the risks looming over this species, oak decline—influenced by extreme climatic events, and alien-invasive species—is considered the main factor causing the loss of holm oak in Mediterranean open woodlands. The aim of this review is to identify and summarize the effects of drought and pathogen root rot, focusing on tree physiology, and the relationship between the stressors (biotic and abiotic) and the tree response. Symptoms of root rot are often associated with drought. However, it has been shown the presence of a differential response to root rot and severe drought is related with general defence mechanisms triggered by the plant. Soil microbiota has also been shown to be a key factor influencing health status and soil pathogen abundance. The application of next-generation sequencing techniques to forest pathology allows us to study complex relationships between soil, plant and microorganisms. Tolerance of holm oak against Phytophthora cinnamomi root rot is related to specific hydric and photosynthetic mechanisms that differ from those associated with drought. This response involves changes in the metabolism of the photosynthetic organs of the plant which can be linked with changes in functional traits. Studies of the soil microbiome have identified several pathogens, apart from P. cinnamomi, involved in holm oak decline, and the relevance of key fungal species in the management of this syndrome. In this regard, the presence of beneficial microorganisms such as Trichoderma spp. or ectomycorrhizae influences the physiological status of trees affected by root rot.
Francisco José Ruiz-Gómez; Alejandro Pérez-De-Luque; Rafael María Navarro-Cerrillo. The Involvement of Phytophthora Root Rot and Drought Stress in Holm Oak Decline: from Ecophysiology to Microbiome Influence. Current Forestry Reports 2019, 5, 251 -266.
AMA StyleFrancisco José Ruiz-Gómez, Alejandro Pérez-De-Luque, Rafael María Navarro-Cerrillo. The Involvement of Phytophthora Root Rot and Drought Stress in Holm Oak Decline: from Ecophysiology to Microbiome Influence. Current Forestry Reports. 2019; 5 (4):251-266.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFrancisco José Ruiz-Gómez; Alejandro Pérez-De-Luque; Rafael María Navarro-Cerrillo. 2019. "The Involvement of Phytophthora Root Rot and Drought Stress in Holm Oak Decline: from Ecophysiology to Microbiome Influence." Current Forestry Reports 5, no. 4: 251-266.
Accurate estimation of forest biomass to enable the mapping of forest C stocks over large areas is of considerable interest nowadays. Airborne laser scanning (ALS) systems bring a new perspective to forest inventories and subsequent biomass estimation. The objective of this research was to combine growth models used to update old inventory data to a reference year, low-density ALS data, and k-nearest neighbor (kNN) algorithm Random Forest to conduct biomass inventories aimed at estimating the C sequestration capacity in large Pinus plantations. We obtained a C stock in biomass (Wt-S) of 12.57 Mg ha−1, ranging significantly from 19.93 Mg ha−1 for P. halepensis to 49.05 Mg ha−1 for P. nigra, and a soil organic C stock of the composite soil samples (0–40 cm) ranging from 20.41 Mg ha−1 in P. sylvestris to 37.32 Mg ha−1 in P. halepensis. When generalizing these data to the whole area, we obtained an overall C-stock value of 48.01 Mg C ha−1, ranging from 23.96 Mg C ha−1 for P. halepensis to 58.09 Mg C ha−1 for P. nigra. Considering the mean value of the on-site C stock, the study area sustains 1,289,604 Mg per hectare (corresponding to 4,732,869 Mg CO2), with a net increase of 4.79 Mg ha−1 year−1. Such C cartography can help forest managers to improve forest silviculture with regard to C sequestration and, thus, climate change mitigation.
Miguel A. Navarrete-Poyatos; Rafael M. Navarro-Cerrillo; Miguel A. Lara-Gómez; Joaquín Duque-Lazo; Maria De Los Angeles Varo; Guillermo Palacios Rodriguez. Assessment of the Carbon Stock in Pine Plantations in Southern Spain through ALS Data and K-Nearest Neighbor Algorithm Based Models. Geosciences 2019, 9, 442 .
AMA StyleMiguel A. Navarrete-Poyatos, Rafael M. Navarro-Cerrillo, Miguel A. Lara-Gómez, Joaquín Duque-Lazo, Maria De Los Angeles Varo, Guillermo Palacios Rodriguez. Assessment of the Carbon Stock in Pine Plantations in Southern Spain through ALS Data and K-Nearest Neighbor Algorithm Based Models. Geosciences. 2019; 9 (10):442.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMiguel A. Navarrete-Poyatos; Rafael M. Navarro-Cerrillo; Miguel A. Lara-Gómez; Joaquín Duque-Lazo; Maria De Los Angeles Varo; Guillermo Palacios Rodriguez. 2019. "Assessment of the Carbon Stock in Pine Plantations in Southern Spain through ALS Data and K-Nearest Neighbor Algorithm Based Models." Geosciences 9, no. 10: 442.
Climate change is increasing the vulnerability of Mediterranean coniferous plantations. Here, we integrate a Landsat time series with a physically-based distributed hydrological model (Watershed Integrated Management in Mediterranean Environments—WiMMed) to examine spatially-explicit relationships between the mortality processes of Pinus pinaster plantations and the hydrological regime, using different spectral indices of vegetation and machine learning algorithms. The Normalized Burn Ratio (NBR) and Moisture Stress Index (MSI) show the highest correlations with defoliation rates. Random Forest was the most accurate model (R2 = 0.79; RMSE = 0.059), showing a high model performance and prediction. Support vector machines and neural networks also demonstrated a high performance (R2 > 0.7). The main hydrological variables selected by the model to explain defoliation were potential evapotranspiration, winter precipitation and maximum summer temperature (lower Out-of-bag error). These results show the importance of hydrological variables involved in evaporation processes, and on the change in the spatial distribution of seasonal rainfall upon the defoliation processes of P. pinaster. These results underpin the importance of integrating temporal remote sensing data and hydrological models to analyze the drivers of forest defoliation and mortality processes in the Mediterranean climate.
Antonio Jesús Ariza Salamanca; Rafael María Navarro-Cerrillo; Francisco J. Bonet-García; Ma José Pérez-Palazón; María J. Polo. Integration of a Landsat Time-Series of NBR and Hydrological Modeling to Assess Pinus Pinaster Aiton. Forest Defoliation in South-Eastern Spain. Remote Sensing 2019, 11, 2291 .
AMA StyleAntonio Jesús Ariza Salamanca, Rafael María Navarro-Cerrillo, Francisco J. Bonet-García, Ma José Pérez-Palazón, María J. Polo. Integration of a Landsat Time-Series of NBR and Hydrological Modeling to Assess Pinus Pinaster Aiton. Forest Defoliation in South-Eastern Spain. Remote Sensing. 2019; 11 (19):2291.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAntonio Jesús Ariza Salamanca; Rafael María Navarro-Cerrillo; Francisco J. Bonet-García; Ma José Pérez-Palazón; María J. Polo. 2019. "Integration of a Landsat Time-Series of NBR and Hydrological Modeling to Assess Pinus Pinaster Aiton. Forest Defoliation in South-Eastern Spain." Remote Sensing 11, no. 19: 2291.
Las dehesas representan el ecosistema mediterráneo más extendido en la Península Ibérica, con la encina como especie protagonista. Actualmente, la sostenibilidad tanto de la especie como del ecosistema se encuentran en serio peligro debido al decaimiento de los encinares, producido por la podredumbre de raíz, causada por patógenos de suelo del género Phytophthora spp. Este sistema patógeno-anfitrión ha sido ampliamente estudiado, aunque muchos de los mecanismos subyacentes de la interacción a nivel histológico y fisiológico seguían sin estar claramente determinados. En la presente tesis doctoral se abordaron diferentes aproximaciones para aumentar el conocimiento disponible en dichas áreas. Se realizaron trabajos de histología para describir el proceso de patogénesis específico, que condujeron a la identificación de diferentes etapas relacionadas con el comportamiento trófico del patógeno, se analizó la respuesta fisiológica del anfitrión ante el estrés producido por el patógeno por separado, y en combinación con estrés hídrico inducido, y se estudió la influencia de la estructura y la funcionalidad de la microbiota a partir de su composición específica y su diversidad con los síntomas de decaimiento del arbolado. Los resultados plantean la necesidad de incorporar nuevos factores en las estrategias de control integrado del decaimiento en la dehesa, incorporando medidas que fomenten los tratamientos en los momentos adecuados, el concepto de inducción de defensas sistémicas, y considerando las especies claves de la microbiota del suelo, más allá de la simple visión de la interacción entre el anfitrión y el patógeno.
Francisco José Ruiz Gómez; Rafael Navarro Cerrillo; Alejandro Pérez De Luque. Estudio de la interacción entre oomicetos de podredumbre radical y Quercus ilex. Cuadernos de la Sociedad Española de Ciencias Forestales 2019, 45, 149 -160.
AMA StyleFrancisco José Ruiz Gómez, Rafael Navarro Cerrillo, Alejandro Pérez De Luque. Estudio de la interacción entre oomicetos de podredumbre radical y Quercus ilex. Cuadernos de la Sociedad Española de Ciencias Forestales. 2019; 45 (2):149-160.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFrancisco José Ruiz Gómez; Rafael Navarro Cerrillo; Alejandro Pérez De Luque. 2019. "Estudio de la interacción entre oomicetos de podredumbre radical y Quercus ilex." Cuadernos de la Sociedad Española de Ciencias Forestales 45, no. 2: 149-160.