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Dr. Elham Assadi Soumeh
University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia

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0 Metabolomics
0 gut microbiota
0 gut health
0 poultry nutrition
0 Nutrient requirements

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Feed

Journal article
Published: 22 December 2020 in Animals
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Optimizing gut health has a large impact on nutrient digestibility and bioavailability, and super-dosing feed enzymes may be one solution to achieve this. A 42-day grow-out trial was conducted using 192 Ross 308 broilers to determine if super-dosing Natuzyme at 0 g/t, 350 g/t, 700 g/t, and 1000 g/t dose rates could improve the gut morphology, alter the cecal microbial profile, enhance bone mineralization, and improve nutrient digestibility of a wheat–corn–soybean diet (six replicates per treatment, eight birds per pen). One bird per pen was slaughtered at day 42 and gut morphology, cecal microbial profile, and nutrient digestibility were studied. The addition of enzymes tended to increase the villus height in the duodenum, villus height, width, and crypt depth in the jejunum, and villus width and the number of goblet cells in the ileum. Microbial profiling revealed diverse communities; however, they did not significantly differ between treatment groups. Yet, 700 g/t Natuzyme promoted microbes belonging to the genus Romboutsia and Ruminococcus gauvreauii, while 1000 g/t Natuzyme promoted Barnesiella species. The nutrient digestibility demonstrated a significant improvement in all enzyme doses compared to the control. In conclusion, based on the outcomes of this study, a dose rate of 700 g/t Natuzyme is recommended to improve gut morphology and nutrient digestibility, and promote unique microbes which aid in feed efficiency.

ACS Style

Jacoba Madigan-Stretton; Deirdre Mikkelsen; Elham Assadi Soumeh. Multienzyme Super-Dosing in Broiler Chicken Diets: The Implications for Gut Morphology, Microbial Profile, Nutrient Digestibility, and Bone Mineralization. Animals 2020, 11, 1 .

AMA Style

Jacoba Madigan-Stretton, Deirdre Mikkelsen, Elham Assadi Soumeh. Multienzyme Super-Dosing in Broiler Chicken Diets: The Implications for Gut Morphology, Microbial Profile, Nutrient Digestibility, and Bone Mineralization. Animals. 2020; 11 (1):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jacoba Madigan-Stretton; Deirdre Mikkelsen; Elham Assadi Soumeh. 2020. "Multienzyme Super-Dosing in Broiler Chicken Diets: The Implications for Gut Morphology, Microbial Profile, Nutrient Digestibility, and Bone Mineralization." Animals 11, no. 1: 1.

Journal article
Published: 21 August 2020 in Journal of Applied Poultry Research
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Valine is the fourth-limiting amino acid in corn-soybean meal-based diets for broilers, and any deficiency of this amino acid (AA) in diet would result in impaired growth performance. As feed-grade Val became commercially available, the focus is now on satisfying the needs of this AA in broiler diets. The purpose of this study was, therefore, to estimate the minimum requirement of digestible Val in ratio to Lys in practical diets of female Cobb-500 broilers during the starter phase (8-21 day). A dose-response experiment was conducted using 540 female broilers in a completely randomized design. A corn-soybean meal diet was formulated to be deficient only in Val, and crystalline L-Glutamic acid in the basal diet was gradually replaced by L-Val, creating six different ratios of digestible Val to Lys. The feed intake (FI), body weight gain (BWG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), carcass parameters, bone parameters, and nitrogen excretion were evaluated. The results of this study showed that BWG and FCR were significantly improved by increasing dietary digestible Val to Lys ratio, but not FI. The bone parameters and nitrogen excretion showed no response to different dietary digestible Val to Lys ratio. Within the carcass parameters, only abdominal fat differed between treatments. The minimum requirement of digestible Val to Lys ratio for optimum live performance and carcass parameters were estimated using non-linear models and quadratic regression equations. Based on the results of the current study, it is concluded that the minimum requirement of the digestible Val to Lys ratio for female Cobb-500 broilers is 0.78.

ACS Style

S. Amirdahri; H. Janmohammadi; A. Taghizadeh; W. Lambert; Elham Assadi Soumeh; M. Oliayi. Valine requirement of female Cobb broilers from 8 to 21 days of age. Journal of Applied Poultry Research 2020, 29, 775 -785.

AMA Style

S. Amirdahri, H. Janmohammadi, A. Taghizadeh, W. Lambert, Elham Assadi Soumeh, M. Oliayi. Valine requirement of female Cobb broilers from 8 to 21 days of age. Journal of Applied Poultry Research. 2020; 29 (4):775-785.

Chicago/Turabian Style

S. Amirdahri; H. Janmohammadi; A. Taghizadeh; W. Lambert; Elham Assadi Soumeh; M. Oliayi. 2020. "Valine requirement of female Cobb broilers from 8 to 21 days of age." Journal of Applied Poultry Research 29, no. 4: 775-785.

Original article
Published: 18 February 2020 in Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition
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This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of whey powder (WP), Bacillus subtilis (BAS), and their combination (MIX) on growth performance, intestinal morphology, caecal microflora, hepatic gene expression, blood metabolites, and skeletal muscle antioxidant capacity in Japanese quails. A total of 400 one‐day‐old Japanese quails were randomly distributed to 20‐floor pens (4 dietary treatments, 5 replications per treatment, 20 birds per pen). The birds were fed a basal diet (control, CON) or the basal diet supplemented with 40 g/kg WP, 1 g/kg BAS probiotic or 40 g/kg WP plus 1 g/kg BAS probiotic for five weeks. Feed intake was not affected by the treatments at any stage of the trial. However, the WP, BAS, and MIX feed had better weight gain and feed conversion ratio compared to the CON during the entire production period (day 1–35; p < .05). Feeding the WP, BAS, and MIX diets caused no significant difference in morphometric measures in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum other than the villus height to crypt depth ratio in the ileum (p < .05). The expression of insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1) and growth hormone genes was highly upregulated in the liver of the birds fed the MIX diet (p < .05). Feeding birds with the diets containing WP, BAS, and MIX increased the population of caecal lactic acid bacteria and reduced serum cholesterol concentration compared to the CON diet (p < .05). Likewise, the tested feed additives increased superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase enzyme activities in the thigh muscle (p < .05). No synergistic effect was found between WP and BAS in studied parameters other than IGF‐1 gene expression. Improved growth performance of Japanese quails by feeding the WP, BAS, and the MIX feed could be linked to improved absorptive capacity of the small intestine as well as over‐expression of anabolic growth factors. In conclusion, WP with or without BAS could be considered as a beneficial dietary supplement to enhance productive performance, gut functionality, and antioxidant capacity of Japanese quail.

ACS Style

Vahid Jazi; Majid Farahi; Fariborz Khajali; Shaymma Abousaad; Peter Ferket; Elham Assadi Soumeh. Effect of dietary supplementation of whey powder and Bacillus subtilis on growth performance, gut and hepatic function, and muscle antioxidant capacity of Japanese quail. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 2020, 104, 886 -897.

AMA Style

Vahid Jazi, Majid Farahi, Fariborz Khajali, Shaymma Abousaad, Peter Ferket, Elham Assadi Soumeh. Effect of dietary supplementation of whey powder and Bacillus subtilis on growth performance, gut and hepatic function, and muscle antioxidant capacity of Japanese quail. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition. 2020; 104 (3):886-897.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Vahid Jazi; Majid Farahi; Fariborz Khajali; Shaymma Abousaad; Peter Ferket; Elham Assadi Soumeh. 2020. "Effect of dietary supplementation of whey powder and Bacillus subtilis on growth performance, gut and hepatic function, and muscle antioxidant capacity of Japanese quail." Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 104, no. 3: 886-897.

Journal article
Published: 01 December 2019 in Poultry Science
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This study investigated the effects of fermented soybean meal (FSBM) with or without mannan-oligosaccharide (MOS) prebiotic on growth performance, digestive functions, and hepatic IGF-1 gene expression of broiler chicken. A total of 480 day-old male broiler chickens were fed with 4 experimental diets for 6 wk. Experimental diets included corn-soybean meal diet (CON); corn-soybean meal diet + MOS prebiotic [0.2%, ActiveMOS; Biorigin, Brazile]; corn-FSBM diet [soybean meal (SBM) was totally replaced by FSBM]; and corn-FSBM + MOS prebiotic (MIX). Replacing dietary SBM with FSBM with or without MOS improved body weight gain and feed efficiency for the total grow-out period. However, the addition of MOS to the FSBM diet exhibited a greater body weight gain than other experimental diets. Villus height and villus height to crypt depth of the duodenum and jejunum were increased by feeding FSBM, MOS, and MIX diets. The ileal crude protein and energy digestibilities, as well as the activities of intestinal amylase and protease, and pancreatic protease, were improved by replacing SBM with FSBM, with or without MOS. The concentration of plasma 3-methylhistidine was reduced by FSBM and MOS, and synergistically by their combination. The MOS and FSBM diets upregulated the hepatic IGF-1 gene expression. However, there was an evident synergistic effect of FSBM supplemented with MOS in the upregulation of the hepatic IGF-1 gene expression. The outcomes of the current study indicate the FSBM and MOS had the potential to improve growth performance, hepatic IGF-1 expression, and intestinal morphology of broilers. Overall, the fermented products could be considered as functional feed that exhibits probiotic effects and the synergistic effects of prebiotics added to the fermented feeds may further improve the growth performance and gut health and functionality in broiler chicken.

ACS Style

E.A. Soumeh; H. Mohebodini; M. Toghyani; A. Shabani; A. Ashayerizadeh; V. Jazi. Synergistic effects of fermented soybean meal and mannan-oligosaccharide on growth performance, digestive functions, and hepatic gene expression in broiler chickens. Poultry Science 2019, 98, 6797 -6807.

AMA Style

E.A. Soumeh, H. Mohebodini, M. Toghyani, A. Shabani, A. Ashayerizadeh, V. Jazi. Synergistic effects of fermented soybean meal and mannan-oligosaccharide on growth performance, digestive functions, and hepatic gene expression in broiler chickens. Poultry Science. 2019; 98 (12):6797-6807.

Chicago/Turabian Style

E.A. Soumeh; H. Mohebodini; M. Toghyani; A. Shabani; A. Ashayerizadeh; V. Jazi. 2019. "Synergistic effects of fermented soybean meal and mannan-oligosaccharide on growth performance, digestive functions, and hepatic gene expression in broiler chickens." Poultry Science 98, no. 12: 6797-6807.

Conference paper
Published: 09 September 2019 in Energy and protein metabolism and nutrition
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ACS Style

A. Ashayerizadeh; B. Dastar; M. Shams Shargh; A. Shabani; V. Jazi; E.A. Soumeh. Effect of feeding fermented rapeseed meal on nutrients digestibility and digestive enzymes activity in broiler chickens. Energy and protein metabolism and nutrition 2019, 1 .

AMA Style

A. Ashayerizadeh, B. Dastar, M. Shams Shargh, A. Shabani, V. Jazi, E.A. Soumeh. Effect of feeding fermented rapeseed meal on nutrients digestibility and digestive enzymes activity in broiler chickens. Energy and protein metabolism and nutrition. 2019; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

A. Ashayerizadeh; B. Dastar; M. Shams Shargh; A. Shabani; V. Jazi; E.A. Soumeh. 2019. "Effect of feeding fermented rapeseed meal on nutrients digestibility and digestive enzymes activity in broiler chickens." Energy and protein metabolism and nutrition , no. : 1.

Conference paper
Published: 09 September 2019 in Energy and protein metabolism and nutrition
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ACS Style

E.A. Soumeh; V. Jazi; H. Mohebodini; M. Toghyani; A. Shabani; A. Ashayerizadeh. Fermented soybean meal with or without mannan-oligosaccharides for broiler chickens. Energy and protein metabolism and nutrition 2019, 1 .

AMA Style

E.A. Soumeh, V. Jazi, H. Mohebodini, M. Toghyani, A. Shabani, A. Ashayerizadeh. Fermented soybean meal with or without mannan-oligosaccharides for broiler chickens. Energy and protein metabolism and nutrition. 2019; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

E.A. Soumeh; V. Jazi; H. Mohebodini; M. Toghyani; A. Shabani; A. Ashayerizadeh. 2019. "Fermented soybean meal with or without mannan-oligosaccharides for broiler chickens." Energy and protein metabolism and nutrition , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 29 July 2019 in Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition
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A biological assay was carried out to evaluate the impact of dietary tryptophan (TRP) in aflatoxin B1 -contaminated diets (AFB1 -D) on performance, blood parameters, immunity, meat quality and microbial populations of intestine in Japanese quails. Six experimental diets were formulated to include two levels of dietary TRP; 2.9 (moderate high: MH-TRP) and 4.9 g/kg (excess: Ex-TRP); and three levels of AFB1 (0.0, 2.5, and 5.0 mg/kg). Each experimental diet was fed to the one of the six groups of birds from 7 to 35 days of age in a completely randomized design with 2 × 3 factorial arrangement. Decrease in feed intake, body weight gain and gain:feed in birds fed 5.0 mg/kg AFB1 -D was restored to the control level by 4.9 g TRP/kg of the diet. The hepatic enzymes in blood were elevated in quails fed on AFB1 -D but attenuated by 4.9 g TRP/kg of the diet (Ex-TRP; p ≤ .01). High serum uric acid in birds challenged with AFB1 significantly decreased by Ex-TRP (p ≤ .01). The skin thickness to 2,4-dinitro-1-chlorobenzene challenge suppressed by AFB1 but increased by Ex-TRP diet (p ≤ .02). The AFB1 increased the malondialdehyde in meat, whereas TRP efficiently diminished malondialdehyde production (p ≤ .01). The greatest drip loss and pH in meat were observed in the birds fed 5.0 mg/kg AFB1 -D but Ex-TRP augmented the adverse effects of AFB1 (p ≤ .01). The Ex-TRP reduced the total microbial and Escherichia coli counts (p ≤ .01). The adverse effect of AFB1 on ileal Lactic acid bacteria was completely prevented by Ex-TRP (p ≤ .03). This study showed that tryptophan supplementation could be considered as a powerful nutritional tool to ameliorate the adverse effects of AFB1 in growing quails.

ACS Style

Sousan Khanipour; Mehran Mehri; Farzad Bagherzadeh‐Kasmani; Ali Maghsoudi; Elham Assadi Soumeh. Excess dietary tryptophan mitigates aflatoxicosis in growing quails. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 2019, 103, 1462 -1473.

AMA Style

Sousan Khanipour, Mehran Mehri, Farzad Bagherzadeh‐Kasmani, Ali Maghsoudi, Elham Assadi Soumeh. Excess dietary tryptophan mitigates aflatoxicosis in growing quails. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition. 2019; 103 (5):1462-1473.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sousan Khanipour; Mehran Mehri; Farzad Bagherzadeh‐Kasmani; Ali Maghsoudi; Elham Assadi Soumeh. 2019. "Excess dietary tryptophan mitigates aflatoxicosis in growing quails." Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 103, no. 5: 1462-1473.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2017 in Animal Feed Science and Technology
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Traditional AA dose-response studies utilize many animals for evaluation of growth performance, and it is hypothesized that a new experimental design based on modem analytical techniques can reduce the number of used animals. The objective was to evaluate a short-term approach with a low number of pigs based on plasma metabolites as a method to determine the dietary Ile, Leu, and Val requirements. Three separate 6 x 6 Latin square experiments having 6 replicates per treatment were conducted with 6 diets containing increasing concentrations of Ile, Leu, and Val which were fed to 6 pigs (BW 8-9 kg) for 2 days, each without a wash-out period for a period of 12 days. The diets were prepared and used in 3 previous traditional-design dose-response studies and had been stored at 20 degrees C. Blood samples were collected at the end of each 2-day period, and plasma was analyzed for AA and other metabolites using a metabolomics approach. Out of the 18 analyzed plasma AA, 11, 16, and 3 AA for Ile, Leu, or Val, respectively, showed linear or quadratic responses (P < 0.05) which could be linked to animal growth. The same was found for 4 non-AA metabolites in the Ile, and for 7 non-AA metabolites in the Leu study. 3-Methyl-2-oxovaleric acid, ketohexanoic acid, and a-ketoisovaleric acid were discriminating metabolites for both Ile and Leu. It was possible to fit least squares means of 5, 14, and 2 metabolites in the Ile, Leu, and Val experiments to curvilinear-plateau, broken-line, or quadratic models and thereby estimate an optimum dietary BCAA level. The average optimum BCAA levels across metabolites and models were 0.54 standardized ileal digestible (SID) Ile:Lys, 1.04 SID Leu:Lys, and 0.68 SID Val:Lys which were close to optimums of 0.52, 0.93, and 0.70 found in the previous dose response studies based on animal growth performance. In conclusion, certain plasma metabolites could be used to estimate Ile, Leu, and Val requirements, and 2 days of adaptation to a new diet was sufficient to reflect relevant biological changes in the blood to different levels of dietary AA in the current study

ACS Style

J.V. Nørgaard; E.A. Soumeh; M. Curtasu; E. Corrent; J. van Milgen; M.S. Hedemann. Use of metabolic profile in short-term studies for estimating optimum dietary isoleucine, leucine, and valine for pigs. Animal Feed Science and Technology 2017, 228, 39 -47.

AMA Style

J.V. Nørgaard, E.A. Soumeh, M. Curtasu, E. Corrent, J. van Milgen, M.S. Hedemann. Use of metabolic profile in short-term studies for estimating optimum dietary isoleucine, leucine, and valine for pigs. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 2017; 228 ():39-47.

Chicago/Turabian Style

J.V. Nørgaard; E.A. Soumeh; M. Curtasu; E. Corrent; J. van Milgen; M.S. Hedemann. 2017. "Use of metabolic profile in short-term studies for estimating optimum dietary isoleucine, leucine, and valine for pigs." Animal Feed Science and Technology 228, no. : 39-47.

Research article
Published: 01 January 2017 in Animal Production Science
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Animal Production Science (continuing Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture) publishes original research into applied agriculture including animal production, animal-plant interactions, pasture and fodder crops, field crops, extension and horticulture

ACS Style

E. A. Soumeh; Mette Skou Hedemann; E. Corrent; J. Van Milgen; Jan V Nørgaard. Potential of blood biomarkers to estimate optimum amino acid requirements for pig growth. Animal Production Science 2017, 57, 2417 -2417.

AMA Style

E. A. Soumeh, Mette Skou Hedemann, E. Corrent, J. Van Milgen, Jan V Nørgaard. Potential of blood biomarkers to estimate optimum amino acid requirements for pig growth. Animal Production Science. 2017; 57 (12):2417-2417.

Chicago/Turabian Style

E. A. Soumeh; Mette Skou Hedemann; E. Corrent; J. Van Milgen; Jan V Nørgaard. 2017. "Potential of blood biomarkers to estimate optimum amino acid requirements for pig growth." Animal Production Science 57, no. 12: 2417-2417.

Research article
Published: 07 November 2016 in Journal of Proteome Research
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The metabolic response in plasma and urine of pigs when feeding an optimum level of branched chain amino acids (BCAAs) for best growth performance is unknown. The objective of the current study was to identify the metabolic phenotype associated with the BCAAs intake level that could be linked to the animal growth performance. Three dose–response studies were carried out to collect blood and urine samples from pigs fed increasing levels of Ile, Val, or Leu followed by a nontargeted LC–MS approach to characterize the metabolic profile of biofluids when dietary BCAAs are optimum for animal growth. Results showed that concentrations of plasma hypoxanthine and tyrosine (Tyr) were higher while concentrations of glycocholic acid, tauroursodeoxycholic acid, and taurocholic acid were lower when the dietary Ile was optimum. Plasma 3-methyl-2-oxovaleric acid and creatine were lower when dietary Leu was optimum. The optimum dietary Leu resulted in increased urinary excretion of ascorbic acid and choline and relatively decreased excretion of 2-aminoadipic acid, acetyl-dl-valine, Ile, 2-methylbutyrylglycine, and Tyr. In conclusion, plasma glycocholic acid and taurocholic acid were discriminating metabolites to the optimum dietary Ile. The optimum dietary Leu was associated with reduced plasma creatine and urinary 2-aminoadipic acid and elevated urinary excretion of ascorbic acid and choline. The optimum dietary Val had a less pronounced metabolic response reflected in plasma or urine than other BCAA.

ACS Style

Elham A. Soumeh; Mette Skou Hedemann; Hanne D. Poulsen; Etienne Corrent; Jaap van Milgen; Jan V Nørgaard. Nontargeted LC–MS Metabolomics Approach for Metabolic Profiling of Plasma and Urine from Pigs Fed Branched Chain Amino Acids for Maximum Growth Performance. Journal of Proteome Research 2016, 15, 4195 -4207.

AMA Style

Elham A. Soumeh, Mette Skou Hedemann, Hanne D. Poulsen, Etienne Corrent, Jaap van Milgen, Jan V Nørgaard. Nontargeted LC–MS Metabolomics Approach for Metabolic Profiling of Plasma and Urine from Pigs Fed Branched Chain Amino Acids for Maximum Growth Performance. Journal of Proteome Research. 2016; 15 (12):4195-4207.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Elham A. Soumeh; Mette Skou Hedemann; Hanne D. Poulsen; Etienne Corrent; Jaap van Milgen; Jan V Nørgaard. 2016. "Nontargeted LC–MS Metabolomics Approach for Metabolic Profiling of Plasma and Urine from Pigs Fed Branched Chain Amino Acids for Maximum Growth Performance." Journal of Proteome Research 15, no. 12: 4195-4207.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2016 in Journal of Animal Science
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The objective was to determine the concentration of l-Trp and l-Val to be substituted by feeding piglets Bacillus subtilis strains developed to overproduce Trp (B. subtilis Trp mutant [BsTrp]) and Val (B. subtilis Val mutant [BsVal]) and by using equations obtained in 3 dose–response studies with Leu, Trp, and Val. A Leu-deficient diet with BsVal was included to distinguish between a general probiotic effect and in situ AA production. Eight diets were formulated for each of the 3 studies: 6 diets with 6 levels of AA and 2 diets with BsTrp or BsVal at 10x or 100x standard doses added to the second lowest level of Leu, Trp, and Val. Pigs (n = 16; 7–9 kg BW) were fed ad libitum from 1 wk after weaning. Blood samples were taken on d 8 and 15. The effect of BsTrp and BsVal was evaluated by expressing the improvement in daily gain and feed intake in equivalents of grams l-Leu, l-Trp, or l-Val per kilogram feed using curvilinear plateau and broken-line equations obtained by modeling the 6 AA levels. Bacillus subtilis Val mutant increased animal performance corresponding to 0.88 and 0.39 g l-Leu and 0.17 and 0.44 g l-Val per kilogram feed for 10x and 100x doses, respectively. Bacillus subtilis Trp mutant was equivalent to 0.02 and 0.11 g l-Trp/kg feed for 10x and 100x doses, respectively. Bacillus subtilis Val mutant (10x dose) increased (P < 0.05) plasma Val concentration in the Val study. Bacillus subtilis Trp mutant tended (P = 0.06) to increase Trp plasma concentrations. In conclusion, dietary inclusion of B. subtilis mutants indicated some improvements in the performance of pigs fed AA-deficient diets, which could be related to intestinal synthesis and release of l-Trp and l-Val, to protease activity, or to a general probiotic effect. Copyright © 2016. American Society of Animal Science.

ACS Style

J. V. Nørgaard; N. Canibe; Elham Assadi Soumeh; B. B. Jensen; B. Nielsen; P. Derkx; M. D. Cantor; K. Blaabjerg; H. D. Poulsen. Effect of Bacillus subtilis mutants on growth performance of piglets fed tryptophan- and valine-deficient diets. Journal of Animal Science 2016, 94, 66 -69.

AMA Style

J. V. Nørgaard, N. Canibe, Elham Assadi Soumeh, B. B. Jensen, B. Nielsen, P. Derkx, M. D. Cantor, K. Blaabjerg, H. D. Poulsen. Effect of Bacillus subtilis mutants on growth performance of piglets fed tryptophan- and valine-deficient diets. Journal of Animal Science. 2016; 94 (suppl_3):66-69.

Chicago/Turabian Style

J. V. Nørgaard; N. Canibe; Elham Assadi Soumeh; B. B. Jensen; B. Nielsen; P. Derkx; M. D. Cantor; K. Blaabjerg; H. D. Poulsen. 2016. "Effect of Bacillus subtilis mutants on growth performance of piglets fed tryptophan- and valine-deficient diets." Journal of Animal Science 94, no. suppl_3: 66-69.

Controlled clinical trial
Published: 01 January 2016 in Animal
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Mutants of Bacillus subtilis can be developed to overproduce Val in vitro. It was hypothesized that addition of Bacillus subtilis mutants to pig diets can be a strategy to supply the animal with Val. The objective was to investigate the effect of Bacillus subtilis mutants on growth performance and blood amino acid (AA) concentrations when fed to piglets. Experiment 1 included 18 pigs (15.0±1.1 kg) fed one of three diets containing either 0.63 or 0.69 standardized ileal digestible (SID) Val : Lys, or 0.63 SID Val : Lys supplemented with a Bacillus subtilis mutant (mutant 1). Blood samples were obtained 0.5 h before feeding and at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 h after feeding and analyzed for AAs. In Experiment 2, 80 piglets (9.1±1.1 kg) were fed one of four diets containing 0.63 or 0.67 SID Val : Lys, or 0.63 SID Val : Lys supplemented with another Bacillus subtilis mutant (mutant 2) or its parent wild type. Average daily feed intake, daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio were measured on days 7, 14 and 21. On day 17, blood samples were taken and analyzed for AAs. On days 24 to 26, six pigs from each dietary treatment were fitted with a permanent jugular vein catheter, and blood samples were taken for AA analysis 0.5 h before feeding and at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 h after feeding. In experiment 1, Bacillus subtilis mutant 1 tended (P<0.10) to increase the plasma levels of Val at 2 and 3 h post-feeding, but this was not confirmed in Experiment 2. In Experiment 2, Bacillus subtilis mutant 2 and the wild type did not result in a growth performance different from the negative and positive controls. In conclusion, results obtained with the mutant strains of Bacillus subtilis were not better than results obtained with the wild-type strain, and for both strains, the results were not different than the negative control.

ACS Style

J. V. Nørgaard; Nuria Canibe; Elham Assadi Soumeh; B. B. Jensen; B. Nielsen; P. Derkx; M. D. Cantor; K. Blaabjerg; H. D. Poulsen. Evaluation of in situ valine production by Bacillus subtilis in young pigs. Animal 2016, 10, 1796 -1802.

AMA Style

J. V. Nørgaard, Nuria Canibe, Elham Assadi Soumeh, B. B. Jensen, B. Nielsen, P. Derkx, M. D. Cantor, K. Blaabjerg, H. D. Poulsen. Evaluation of in situ valine production by Bacillus subtilis in young pigs. Animal. 2016; 10 (11):1796-1802.

Chicago/Turabian Style

J. V. Nørgaard; Nuria Canibe; Elham Assadi Soumeh; B. B. Jensen; B. Nielsen; P. Derkx; M. D. Cantor; K. Blaabjerg; H. D. Poulsen. 2016. "Evaluation of in situ valine production by Bacillus subtilis in young pigs." Animal 10, no. 11: 1796-1802.

Comparative study
Published: 01 May 2015 in Journal of Animal Science
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The objective of the study was to estimate Leu requirement for weaned piglets to balance indispensable AA in reduced CP diets. A dose-response experiment was conducted to estimate the standardized ileal digestible (SID) Leu to Lys ratio required for the maximum growth of young pigs after weaning. In this study, 96 female pigs (initial BW of 8 kg) were allotted to 1 of 6 dietary treatments with 16 individually penned pigs per treatment. Graded levels of crystalline l-Leu were added to a basal diet to provide diets containing 0.70, 0.80, 0.90, 1.00, 1.10, and 1.20 SID Leu:Lys. Lysine was limiting and fulfilled 90% of the current recommendations. The ADFI, ADG, and G:F were determined during a 2 wk experimental period. Blood and urine samples were taken at the end of each wk. The ADFI increased linearly (P < 0.001) from 0.70 to 0.80 SID Leu:Lys and then remained constant from 0.90 to 1.20 SID Leu:Lys. The ADG showed a quadratic increase (P = 0.02), as the SID Leu:Lys level increased from 0.70 to 0.90 SID Leu:Lys and did not change further from 0.90 to 1.20 SID Leu:Lys. The G:F increased quadratically (P < 0.001) with increasing SID Leu:Lys level, and the greatest G:F was achieved with pigs receiving the diet with 0.80 SID Leu:Lys. Increasing the dietary SID Leu:Lys resulted in a linear increase in plasma Leu concentration (P < 0.001) and quadratic increases (P < 0.001) in plasma Cys concentration. The plasma concentration of most of the other AA was lowest in pigs receiving the diets with 0.90 to 1.00 SID Leu:Lys. The plasma urea nitrogen concentration tended (P = 0.08) to be lowest in pigs receiving 1.00 SID Leu:Lys, suggesting a more balanced AA profile at this level. Using a curvilinear-plateau model, the SID Leu:Lys requirement was estimated at 0.93 to maximize growth in female pigs weighing 8 to 12 kg. Copyright © 2015. American Society of Animal Science.

ACS Style

Elham Assadi Soumeh; Jaap van Milgen; N. M. Sloth; E. Corrent; H. D. Poulsen; J. V. Nørgaard. The optimum ratio of standardized ileal digestible leucine to lysine for 8 to 12 kg female pigs1. Journal of Animal Science 2015, 93, 2218 -2224.

AMA Style

Elham Assadi Soumeh, Jaap van Milgen, N. M. Sloth, E. Corrent, H. D. Poulsen, J. V. Nørgaard. The optimum ratio of standardized ileal digestible leucine to lysine for 8 to 12 kg female pigs1. Journal of Animal Science. 2015; 93 (5):2218-2224.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Elham Assadi Soumeh; Jaap van Milgen; N. M. Sloth; E. Corrent; H. D. Poulsen; J. V. Nørgaard. 2015. "The optimum ratio of standardized ileal digestible leucine to lysine for 8 to 12 kg female pigs1." Journal of Animal Science 93, no. 5: 2218-2224.

Journal article
Published: 01 May 2015 in Livestock Science
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ACS Style

Jan V Nørgaard; T.F. Pedersen; Elham Assadi Soumeh; K. Blaabjerg; Nuria Canibe; B.B. Jensen; H.D. Poulsen. Optimum standardized ileal digestible tryptophan to lysine ratio for pigs weighing 7–14kg. Livestock Science 2015, 175, 90 -95.

AMA Style

Jan V Nørgaard, T.F. Pedersen, Elham Assadi Soumeh, K. Blaabjerg, Nuria Canibe, B.B. Jensen, H.D. Poulsen. Optimum standardized ileal digestible tryptophan to lysine ratio for pigs weighing 7–14kg. Livestock Science. 2015; 175 ():90-95.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jan V Nørgaard; T.F. Pedersen; Elham Assadi Soumeh; K. Blaabjerg; Nuria Canibe; B.B. Jensen; H.D. Poulsen. 2015. "Optimum standardized ileal digestible tryptophan to lysine ratio for pigs weighing 7–14kg." Livestock Science 175, no. : 90-95.

Clinical trial
Published: 01 January 2015 in Animal
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The objective was to define the Val requirement for weaned piglets in the context of reducing the dietary protein content. A dose-response experiment was conducted to estimate the standardized ileal digestible (SID) Val to Lys ratio required to support the optimum growth of post-weaned piglets. In this study, 96 pigs weighing 8 kg were allotted to one of six dietary treatments (16 pigs for each dietary treatment) and were housed individually. Diets were formulated to provide 0.58, 0.62, 0.66, 0.70, 0.74 and 0.78 SID Val : Lys by adding graded levels of crystalline l-Val to the 0.58 SID Val : Lys diet. Lysine was sub-limiting and supplied 90% of the recommendation (10.95 g SID Lys/kg equal to 11.8 g/kg total Lys). Average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG) and gain to feed ratio (G : F) were determined during a 14-day period of ad libitum feeding. Blood and urine samples were taken at the end of each week (day 7 and 14 of the experiment) 3 h after feeding the experimental diets. The maximum ADFI and ADG were obtained in pigs fed the 0.78 SID Val : Lys diet; it was not different from the results of pigs fed 0.70 SID Val : Lys diet. The highest G : F was obtained in pigs fed 0.70 SID Val : Lys. The plasma concentration of Val increased linearly (P<0.001) as the dietary SID Val : Lys increased. The increasing dietary Val : Lys also resulted in a linear increase in Cys (P<0.001) and a quadratic increase in Arg (P=0.003), Lys (P=0.05) and Phe (P=0.009). The plasma Gly showed a quadratic decrease (P=0.05) as the dietary Val : Lys increased. Neither plasma nor urinary urea to creatinine ratio was affected by treatment. The minimum SID Val : Lys required to maximize ADFI, ADG and G : F was estimated at 0.67 SID Val : Lys by a broken-line model, and at 0.71 SID Val : Lys by a curvilinear plateau model. The Val deficiency caused a reduction in ADFI, and Val supplementation above the requirement did not impair animal performance. In conclusion, 0.70 SID Val : Lys is suggested as the Val requirement for 8 to 14 kg individually housed pigs.

ACS Style

Elham Assadi Soumeh; Jaap van Milgen; N.M. Sloth; E. Corrent; H.D. Poulsen; Jan V Nørgaard. Requirement of standardized ileal digestible valine to lysine ratio for 8- to 14-kg pigs. Animal 2015, 9, 1312 -1318.

AMA Style

Elham Assadi Soumeh, Jaap van Milgen, N.M. Sloth, E. Corrent, H.D. Poulsen, Jan V Nørgaard. Requirement of standardized ileal digestible valine to lysine ratio for 8- to 14-kg pigs. Animal. 2015; 9 (8):1312-1318.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Elham Assadi Soumeh; Jaap van Milgen; N.M. Sloth; E. Corrent; H.D. Poulsen; Jan V Nørgaard. 2015. "Requirement of standardized ileal digestible valine to lysine ratio for 8- to 14-kg pigs." Animal 9, no. 8: 1312-1318.

Journal article
Published: 01 December 2014 in Animal Feed Science and Technology
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Research on AA requirements and their profile is still running and the recommendations are being updated frequently. The dietary crude protein level could be reduced with no marked detrimental effects on animal performance as far as the supply and the balance of indispensable AA meet the animal requirements. A dose-response experiment was conducted to estimate the standardized ileal digestible (SID) isoleucine (Ile) to lysine (Lys) ratio required for the best performance of animals when fed cereal-based diets without blood products. In this study, 96 pigs (initial BW 8 kg) were allotted to 1 of 6 dietary treatments with 16 pigs per treatment. Graded levels of crystalline Ile were added to the basal diet to produce diets providing 0.42, 0.46, 0.50, 0.58, and 0.62 SID Ile:Lys. Average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were determined during a period of 14 days. Blood and urine samples were taken at the end of each week. There was a quadratic increase in ADFI (P<0.001) and ADG (P<0.007) by increasing level of Ile:Lys in the diet. The ADG tended to increase linearly (P<0.08) as well. The maximum ADFI and ADG were obtained in pigs fed the 0.50 SID Ile:Lys diet. The FCR showed neither linear nor quadratic response to increasing concentration of Ile:Lys in the diet, but numerically the 0.58 and 0.62 Ile:Lys resulted in the lowest FCR. Increasing the dietary SID Ile:Lys resulted in a linear increase in plasma Ile concentration (P<0.001) and a quadratic decrease in plasma leucine concentration (P<0.03). There was also a linear decrease in plasma glycine (P<0.001) and serine (P<0.004) concentrations when increasing dietary Ile:Lys. Neither plasma urea nor urinary urea were affected by feeding the SID Ile:Lys levels. The minimum SID Ile:Lys levels required to maximize ADFI and ADG were 0.51 and 0.52 SID Ile:Lys using a curvilinear plateau model and 0.53 and 0.53 SID Ile:Lys using a quadratic regression model. The estimated requirement using FCR as a response variable was 0.48 SID Ile:Lys by a broken-line model. In conclusion, the optimum SID Ile:Lys in the present experiment was 0.52 in order to maximize ADFI and ADG and 0.48 in order to minimize FCR for 8–15 kg pigs

ACS Style

Elham Assadi Soumeh; Jaap van Milgen; N.M. Sloth; E. Corrent; H.D. Poulsen; Jan V Nørgaard. The optimum ratio of standardized ileal digestible isoleucine to lysine for 8–15kg pigs. Animal Feed Science and Technology 2014, 198, 158 -165.

AMA Style

Elham Assadi Soumeh, Jaap van Milgen, N.M. Sloth, E. Corrent, H.D. Poulsen, Jan V Nørgaard. The optimum ratio of standardized ileal digestible isoleucine to lysine for 8–15kg pigs. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 2014; 198 ():158-165.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Elham Assadi Soumeh; Jaap van Milgen; N.M. Sloth; E. Corrent; H.D. Poulsen; Jan V Nørgaard. 2014. "The optimum ratio of standardized ileal digestible isoleucine to lysine for 8–15kg pigs." Animal Feed Science and Technology 198, no. : 158-165.

Original articles
Published: 03 April 2014 in Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A - Animal Science
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For 6 weeks, 256 female finisher pigs (initially 53.9 kg) were fed four dietary treatments of 136, 148, 159 and 168 g crude protein (CP)/kg diet. The latter diet was the 159 g CP/kg diet supplemented with dispensable amino acids, to study the effect of excess CP. Week 4 included use of metabolic cages. Feed intake, gain and feed utilisation were not significantly affected. Plasma urea (P < 0.001) and urinary nitrogen (P = 0.01) decreased linearly by lowering CP. The weight of the carcass tended to increase linearly by reducing CP, but neither nitrogen retention nor carcass meat percentage and back fat depth differed among treatments. In conclusion, the study indicated that CP could be decreased to 136 g/kg as-fed for growing pigs in the weight range 50–100 kg without negative impact on growth performance and carcass traits. Moreover, leanness was not affected by excess CP.

ACS Style

J. V. Nørgaard; M. J. Hansen; Elham Assadi Soumeh; A. P. S. Adamsen; H. D. Poulsen. Effect of protein level on performance, nitrogen utilisation and carcass composition in finisher pigs. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A - Animal Science 2014, 64, 123 -129.

AMA Style

J. V. Nørgaard, M. J. Hansen, Elham Assadi Soumeh, A. P. S. Adamsen, H. D. Poulsen. Effect of protein level on performance, nitrogen utilisation and carcass composition in finisher pigs. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A - Animal Science. 2014; 64 (2):123-129.

Chicago/Turabian Style

J. V. Nørgaard; M. J. Hansen; Elham Assadi Soumeh; A. P. S. Adamsen; H. D. Poulsen. 2014. "Effect of protein level on performance, nitrogen utilisation and carcass composition in finisher pigs." Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A - Animal Science 64, no. 2: 123-129.