This page has only limited features, please log in for full access.
Professor Dr. Mohamed Elhag had obtained his Ph.D. degree from an Interdepartmental Program, at the School of Agricultural Sciences, University of Thessaly, Greece, specialized in Applications of Remote Sensing and Geoinformation techniques in Water Resources Management in arid environments. Prof. Elhag is an author of several articles published in reputed journals and he is a member of different international working groups related to his background. Prof. Elhag teaches a wide variety of Remote Sensing courses for under and postgraduate students. Recently, Prof. Elhag was appointed as a visiting professor at the Department of Applied Geosciences, Faculty of Science, German University of Technology in Oman.
The aim of this work is to present the hydrochemical mechanisms describing the system of the Euphrates River before and after mixing with groundwater from the springs of Hijlan (western Iraq). Continuously, the data generated from these springs water have been adapted to provide an updated assessment for future water therapeutic purposes. Physicochemical characteristics of water in the mixing plume of Hijlan Creek and Euphrates indicate the multi Hydrochemical plumes as revealed by the spatial variation of important parameters related to the ecological parameters including K+, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, HCO3−, SO42−, Cl−, NO3−, PO43−, Pb, Zn, Cd, Fe, Mn, Temp, DO, BOD5, H2S, Turbidity, EC, pH, and TDS. The re-aeration (k2) and de-oxygenation rate (k1) coefficients, as well as the self-purification factor (f) of the mixing plume, are 0.51, 2.03 and 0.25 s−1, respectively. The Cl− concentration in the confluence zone changes, due to the chloride content mixing rates of 7.1 and 92.9% for Euphrates and Hijlan creek water, respectively, with water discharge of 316,224 m3/day and chloride load discharge of 420 tons/day. The assessment of the water quality indicates unsuitability for aquaculture purposes. However, the water can be used for therapeutic purposes and to cure multiple diseases.
Muwafaq Ayesh Rabeea; Ahmed J. R. Al-Heety; Mahmmoud Ismail Mohammed; Adnan Mohammed Fayydh; Mohamed Elhag. Impact of Hijlan Creek springs on water quality of the Euphrates River and the hydrochemical characterization of the contamination plumes. Environmental Earth Sciences 2021, 80, 1 -15.
AMA StyleMuwafaq Ayesh Rabeea, Ahmed J. R. Al-Heety, Mahmmoud Ismail Mohammed, Adnan Mohammed Fayydh, Mohamed Elhag. Impact of Hijlan Creek springs on water quality of the Euphrates River and the hydrochemical characterization of the contamination plumes. Environmental Earth Sciences. 2021; 80 (15):1-15.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuwafaq Ayesh Rabeea; Ahmed J. R. Al-Heety; Mahmmoud Ismail Mohammed; Adnan Mohammed Fayydh; Mohamed Elhag. 2021. "Impact of Hijlan Creek springs on water quality of the Euphrates River and the hydrochemical characterization of the contamination plumes." Environmental Earth Sciences 80, no. 15: 1-15.
Urban dynamic temporal analysis is essential for the policymaker, natural resources management plan, decision-makers, and scientific purposes. Satisfactory urban management strategies depend on consistent plotting of land use land cover changes. Remote sensing procedures in temporal change detection bring reliability to the decision taker for wide-cover management plans. Two temporal datasets of images were processed to estimate the urban dynamics in current research. SAR microwave data and MSI optical data were acquired from the European Space Agency in 2016 and 2020. For each dataset, preprocessing and data-specific processing procedures were followed to estimate the Urban Footprint within the study area. The urban coherence technique was applied to SAR data, and the change detection technique based on supervised classification was applied on MSI data to estimate the Urban Footprint. The accuracy assessment was estimated using ground truth points (150) as well as training sites (30). The results indicated that the urban expansion in Jeddah city was increased to be nearly 8% using optical data; however, it was increased to be less than 3% using SAR data. Irrespective of MSI data accuracy assessment (83.19%), SAR data showed more consistent Urban Footprinting (92.35%). Therefore, the urban coherence of the coastal city of Jeddah is reliably emphasized using SAR data over MSI data which is a decision-making significance to manage the natural resources within comparable arid environments.
Jarbou Bahrawi; Nassir Al-Amri; Mohamed Elhag. Microwave versus Optical Remote Sensing Data in Urban Footprint Mapping of the Coastal City of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing 2021, 1 -16.
AMA StyleJarbou Bahrawi, Nassir Al-Amri, Mohamed Elhag. Microwave versus Optical Remote Sensing Data in Urban Footprint Mapping of the Coastal City of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing. 2021; ():1-16.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJarbou Bahrawi; Nassir Al-Amri; Mohamed Elhag. 2021. "Microwave versus Optical Remote Sensing Data in Urban Footprint Mapping of the Coastal City of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia." Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing , no. : 1-16.
This work aims to present the hydrochemical mechanisms describing the system of the Euphrates River before and after mixing with groundwater from the springs of Hijlan (western Iraq). Continuously, the data generated from these springs' water have been adapted to provide an updated assessment for future water therapeutic purposes. Physicochemical characteristics of water in the mixing plume of Hijlan Creek and the Euphrates indicate the multi Hydrochemical plumes as revealed by the spatial variation of important parameters related to the ecological parameters including K+, Na+, Ca+ 2, Mg+ 2, HCO3−, SO4 − 2, Cl−, NO3−, PO4 − 3, Pb, Zn, Cd, Fe, Mn, Temp, DO, BOD5, H2S, Turbidity, EC, pH, and TDS. The re-aeration (k2) and de-oxygenation rate (k1) coefficients, as well as the self-purification factor (f) of the mixing plume, are 0.51 sec− 1, 2.03 sec− 1, and 0.25, respectively. The Cl− concentration in the confluence zone changes, due to the chloride content mixing rates of 7.1% and 92.9% for Euphrates and Hijlan creek water, respectively, with water discharge of 316,224 m3/day and chloride load discharge of 420 tons/day. The assessment of the water quality indicates unsuitability for aquaculture purposes. However, the water can be used for therapeutic purposes and to cure multiple diseases.
Muwafaq Ayesh Rabeea; Ahmed J. R. Al-Heety; Mahmmoud Ismail Mohammed; Adnan Mohammed Fayydh; Mohamed Elhag. Impact of Hijlan Creek springs on water quality of the Euphrates River and the Hydrochemical characterization of the contamination plumes. 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleMuwafaq Ayesh Rabeea, Ahmed J. R. Al-Heety, Mahmmoud Ismail Mohammed, Adnan Mohammed Fayydh, Mohamed Elhag. Impact of Hijlan Creek springs on water quality of the Euphrates River and the Hydrochemical characterization of the contamination plumes. . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuwafaq Ayesh Rabeea; Ahmed J. R. Al-Heety; Mahmmoud Ismail Mohammed; Adnan Mohammed Fayydh; Mohamed Elhag. 2021. "Impact of Hijlan Creek springs on water quality of the Euphrates River and the Hydrochemical characterization of the contamination plumes." , no. : 1.
Actual flood mapping and quantification in an area provide valuable information for the stakeholder to prevent future losses. This study presents the actual flash flood quantification in Al-Lith Watershed, Saudi Arabia. The study is divided into two steps: first is actual flood mapping using remote sensing data, and the second is the flood volume calculation. Two Sentinel-1 images are processed to map the actual flood, i.e., image from 25 May 2018 (dry condition), and 24 November 2018 (peak flood condition). SNAP software is used for the flood mapping step. During SNAP processing, selecting the backscatter data representing the actual flood in an arid region is challenging. The dB range value from 7.23–14.22 is believed to represent the flood. In GIS software, the flood map result is converted into polygon to define the flood boundary. The flood boundary that is overlaid with Digital Elevation Map (DEM) is filled with the same elevation value. The Focal Statistics neighborhood method with three iterations is used to generate the flood surface elevation inside the flood boundary. The raster contains depth information is derived by subtraction of the flood surface elevation with DEM. Several steps are carried out to minimize the overcalculation outside the flood boundary. The flood volume can be derived by the multiplication of flood depth points with each cell size area. The flash flood volume in Al-Lith Watershed on 24 November 2018 is 155,507,439 m3. Validity checks are performed by comparing it with other studies, and the result shows that the number is reliable.
Jaka Budiman; Jarbou Bahrawi; Asep Hidayatulloh; Mansour Almazroui; Mohamed Elhag. Volumetric Quantification of Flash Flood Using Microwave Data on a Watershed Scale in Arid Environments, Saudi Arabia. Sustainability 2021, 13, 4115 .
AMA StyleJaka Budiman, Jarbou Bahrawi, Asep Hidayatulloh, Mansour Almazroui, Mohamed Elhag. Volumetric Quantification of Flash Flood Using Microwave Data on a Watershed Scale in Arid Environments, Saudi Arabia. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (8):4115.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJaka Budiman; Jarbou Bahrawi; Asep Hidayatulloh; Mansour Almazroui; Mohamed Elhag. 2021. "Volumetric Quantification of Flash Flood Using Microwave Data on a Watershed Scale in Arid Environments, Saudi Arabia." Sustainability 13, no. 8: 4115.
Efficient rainfall/runoff data modeling necessitates field data availability. Remote and rough terrain areas restrict data collection that leads to less reliable simulated models. Consequently, complete geographic databases are the quest to conduct over the catchment under investigation. The hydrologic model developed for this research based on different return periods (2, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, and 200 years) gave significant discharge outputs. It was found that a basin average precipitation having a return period of 5 years yields a peak discharge of 1032.7 m3/s with the time of peak occurring 23.25 h after the event has started. It results in a volume of 79.9 × 106 m3. A storm event having a return period of 200 years, with basin average rainfall approximately two times more intense than the above yields an enormous discharge of 2191.1 m3/s and an accumulative volume of water of 158.8 × 106 m3. Accordingly, the catchment cannot accommodate such significant volumes of water and flooding becomes unavoidable. Therefore, hydrological, and hydraulic models can support decision-makers in correspondence to the catchment management problems for the sustainable and economic development of the wider area, by providing systematic and consistent information.
Mohamed Elhag; Nese Yilmaz. Insights of remote sensing data to surmount rainfall/runoff data limitations of the downstream catchment of Pineios River, Greece. Environmental Earth Sciences 2021, 80, 1 -13.
AMA StyleMohamed Elhag, Nese Yilmaz. Insights of remote sensing data to surmount rainfall/runoff data limitations of the downstream catchment of Pineios River, Greece. Environmental Earth Sciences. 2021; 80 (1):1-13.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohamed Elhag; Nese Yilmaz. 2021. "Insights of remote sensing data to surmount rainfall/runoff data limitations of the downstream catchment of Pineios River, Greece." Environmental Earth Sciences 80, no. 1: 1-13.
Remote-sensing satellite images provided rapid and continuous spectral and spatial information of the land surface in the Sougia River catchment by identifying the major changes that have taken place over 20 years (1995–2015). Vegetation indices (VIs) of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), enhanced vegetation index (EVI) and leaf area index were derived for monitoring and mapping variations in vegetation cover. The quantified decrease in NDVI was found to be 4% between 1995 and 2005, and further decreased by 77.1% between 2005 and 2015; it declined back to almost the initial status of 1995. EVI results were inconsistent suggesting that seasonal crops influence the temporal distribution of vegetation cover. The temporal variations in the VIs were important input parameters for the modelling and management of the catchment’s hydrological behaviour. Image classification found that the 4- and the 6-class classifications between 1995 and 2005 were unstable and produced, respectively, a 13.8% and 16.2% total change between classes. Meanwhile, the 8-, 10- and the 12-class showed an almost horizontal line with a minor fluctuation of less than 0.05%. The results of the post-classification change detection analysis indicated a land degradation in terms of natural vegetation losses with sparser or even with no natural vegetation cover.
Mohamed Elhag; Silevna Boteva; Nassir Al-Amri. Forest cover assessment using remote-sensing techniques in Crete Island, Greece. Open Geosciences 2021, 13, 345 -358.
AMA StyleMohamed Elhag, Silevna Boteva, Nassir Al-Amri. Forest cover assessment using remote-sensing techniques in Crete Island, Greece. Open Geosciences. 2021; 13 (1):345-358.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohamed Elhag; Silevna Boteva; Nassir Al-Amri. 2021. "Forest cover assessment using remote-sensing techniques in Crete Island, Greece." Open Geosciences 13, no. 1: 345-358.
Forest fires are a common feature in the Mediterranean forests through the years, as a wide tract of forest fortune is lost because of the incendiary fires in the forests. The enormous damages caused by forest fires enhanced the efforts of scientists towards the attenuation of the negative effects of forest fire and consequently the minimization of biodiversity losses by searching more for the adequate distribution of attempts on forest fire prevention and, suppression. The multi-temporal Principal Components Analysis is applied to a pair of images of consecutive years obtained from Landsat-8 satellite to unconventional map and assess the spatial extent of the burned areas on the island of Thasos, Greece. First, the PCA was applied on the before fire image, and then a multi-temporal image is created from the 3rd, 4th, and 5th band of before and after images including Normalized Difference Vegetation Index to enhance the results. The results from the different steps of this analysis robustly mapped the burned areas by 82.28 ha confirmed by almost 85%. Are compared with data provided by the local forest service in order to assess their accuracy. The multi-temporal PCA outputs including NDVI (PC 4, PC %, and PC 6) give better accuracy due to its ability to distinguish the burned areas of older years and to the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index that gives better variance to the image.
Mohamed Elhag; Nese Yimaz; Jarbou Bahrawi; Silvena Boteva. Evaluation of Optical Remote Sensing Data in Burned Areas Mapping of Thasos Island, Greece. Earth Systems and Environment 2020, 4, 813 -826.
AMA StyleMohamed Elhag, Nese Yimaz, Jarbou Bahrawi, Silvena Boteva. Evaluation of Optical Remote Sensing Data in Burned Areas Mapping of Thasos Island, Greece. Earth Systems and Environment. 2020; 4 (4):813-826.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohamed Elhag; Nese Yimaz; Jarbou Bahrawi; Silvena Boteva. 2020. "Evaluation of Optical Remote Sensing Data in Burned Areas Mapping of Thasos Island, Greece." Earth Systems and Environment 4, no. 4: 813-826.
Land Cover monitoring is an essential task for a better understanding of the ecosystem’s dynamicity and complexity. The availability of Remote Sensing data improved the Land Use Land Cover mapping as it is routine work in ecosystem management. The complexity of the Mediterranean ecosystems involves a complexity of the surrounding environmental factors. An attempt to quantitatively investigate the interdependencies between land covers and affected environmental factors was conducted in Nisos Elafonisos to represent diverse and fragile coastal Mediterranean ecosystems. Sentinel-2 (MSI) sensor and ASTER Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data were used to classify the LULC as well as to draw different vegetation conditions over the designated study area. DEM derivatives were conducted and incorporated. The developed methodology is intended to assess the land use land cover for different practices under the present environmental condition of Nisos Elafonisos. Supervised classification resulted in six different land cover clusters and was tested against three different environmental clusters. The findings of the current research pointed out that the environmental variables are independent and there is a vertical distribution of the vegetation according to altitude.
Mohamed Elhag; Silvena Boteva. Quantitative Analysis of Different Environmental Factor Impacts on Land Cover in Nisos Elafonisos, Crete, Greece. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 6437 .
AMA StyleMohamed Elhag, Silvena Boteva. Quantitative Analysis of Different Environmental Factor Impacts on Land Cover in Nisos Elafonisos, Crete, Greece. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (18):6437.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohamed Elhag; Silvena Boteva. 2020. "Quantitative Analysis of Different Environmental Factor Impacts on Land Cover in Nisos Elafonisos, Crete, Greece." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 18: 6437.
Urbanization of watersheds is known to increase the flood risk potentials. Since 1970, eastern Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, underwent rapid urbanization due to the high rate of population growth and the booming economy, which attracts hundreds of thousands of expatriates. Such urbanizations change drastically the flood characteristics and enhance the risk from such watersheds as shown in 2009 and 2011 severe floods. To investigate the general relationship between the increases in flood peaks following historical urbanization in eastern Jeddah watersheds, satellite remote sensing data and meteorological data are developed. The utilization of high-resolution remote sensing data in temporal data analysis resulted in high classification accuracies using support vector machine as a classifier algorithm. The study area was classified into five different types of land use/land cover to quantify the changes that occurred between the bare rock and bare soil land cover classes. Three different data sets of images were synchronized with rainfall records, and hydrological data are used via watershed modeling systems. Such models are also used to obtain a quantitative estimate of the current potential risks. It is concluded that on average, the peak flows and the volumes increased by about 119% and about 89%, respectively.
Jarbou Bahrawi; Hatem Ewea; Ahmed Kamis; Mohamed Elhag. Potential flood risk due to urbanization expansion in arid environments, Saudi Arabia. Natural Hazards 2020, 104, 795 -809.
AMA StyleJarbou Bahrawi, Hatem Ewea, Ahmed Kamis, Mohamed Elhag. Potential flood risk due to urbanization expansion in arid environments, Saudi Arabia. Natural Hazards. 2020; 104 (1):795-809.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJarbou Bahrawi; Hatem Ewea; Ahmed Kamis; Mohamed Elhag. 2020. "Potential flood risk due to urbanization expansion in arid environments, Saudi Arabia." Natural Hazards 104, no. 1: 795-809.
Flash floods have been the most frequent, extensive, and dangerous type of worldwide natural crisis. Mountainous, urbanized, and arid land areas like Tabuk region of Saudi Arabia are highly vulnerable to flooding due to heavy and sudden rainstorms that affected the people, infrastructures, and ecological and biophysical environment. Immediately following such a disaster event, advanced techniques are very essential to delineate and assess the damage resulted from successful rescue and relief operations. In this article, the European Space Agency (ESA) freely accessed images were conducted from the earth observation synthetic aperture radar (SAR) sensor, the images were successfully practiced to delineate the deadly flood crisis took place in Tabuk City in January 2019. The Sentinel Application Platform for Sentinel-1 Toolbox (S1TBX) is used to support the display and analysis of the large archive of products from the ESA SAR mission. Level-1 ground range detected with high resolution of 20 m × 22 m image at 2019/01/30 T15:39:44 acquired and processed. A backscatter value of − 22.39 dub is selected to separate water from everything else. Only region of interest mask pixels are considered for the histogram analysis. Accordingly, the maximum threshold error is set to 0.255. RGB map created a binary mask of flooded, and non-flooded pixels show that a significant part of the area was in danger. The findings of the current methodology quantify the flooded surface area by almost 9 km2 covers mainly the agricultural practices and the urban areas of the city of Tabuk. This study recommends that the future master plan of the Tabuk area should consider similar flooding risks. Finally, most arid lands like Tabuk are covered by sand that has similar backscatter as flooded land conditions. Therefore, the influence of this backscatter in flood mapping works should be assessed and exclusion techniques must be included to increase accuracy.
Mohamed Elhag; Shemsu G. Abdurahman. Advanced remote sensing techniques in flash flood delineation in Tabuk City, Saudi Arabia. Natural Hazards 2020, 103, 3401 -3413.
AMA StyleMohamed Elhag, Shemsu G. Abdurahman. Advanced remote sensing techniques in flash flood delineation in Tabuk City, Saudi Arabia. Natural Hazards. 2020; 103 (3):3401-3413.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohamed Elhag; Shemsu G. Abdurahman. 2020. "Advanced remote sensing techniques in flash flood delineation in Tabuk City, Saudi Arabia." Natural Hazards 103, no. 3: 3401-3413.
The Canadian Forest Fire Danger Rating System (CFFDRS) and the National Forest Fire Danger Rating System (NFFDRS) were exercised under the Mediterranean forest type conditions of Crete Island, Greece in 2008–2009. The CFFDRS shows a high association between the assessed values of the duff moisture content on one hand and the Fine Fuel Moisture Code and the Duff Moisture Code on the other hand. During the designated fire seasons, there was an insignificant association between the Fire Weather Index and the wild forest fires which are contrary associated with wildfire occurrences. Meanwhile, the NFFDRS showed monitoring capabilities but with the insufficient prediction of the daily fire danger in the Mediterranean forests. During the tested forest fire seasons, there was an unstable association between the burnt area and the fire occurrences. Consequently, there was not significant correlation between the CFFDRS and the litter soil content. Although, CFFDRS has a higher prediction accuracy of moisture content of some shallow roots annual plants within the studied area. The findings of the current research emphasized that there is no single system that is adequate enough for both soil moisture content and the annuals moisture content simultaneously
Mohamed Elhag. The Canadian versus the National Forest Fire Danger Rating Systems tested in Mediterranean forests fire Crete, Greece. Environment, Development and Sustainability 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleMohamed Elhag. The Canadian versus the National Forest Fire Danger Rating Systems tested in Mediterranean forests fire Crete, Greece. Environment, Development and Sustainability. 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohamed Elhag. 2020. "The Canadian versus the National Forest Fire Danger Rating Systems tested in Mediterranean forests fire Crete, Greece." Environment, Development and Sustainability , no. : 1.
Monitoring of improper soil erosion empowered by water is constantly adding more risk to the natural resource mitigation scenarios, especially in developing countries. The demographical pattern and the rate of growth, in addition to the impairments of the rainfall pattern, are consequently disposed to adverse environmental disturbances. The current research goal is to evaluate soil erosion triggered by water in the coastal area of Kenya on the district level, and also in protected areas. The Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) model was exercised to estimate the soil loss in the designated study area. RUSLE input parameters were functionally realized in terms of rainfall and runoff erosivity factor (R), soil erodibility factor (K), slope length and gradient factor (LS), land cover management factor (C) and slope factor (P). The realization of RUSLE input parameters was carried out using different dataset sources, including meteorological data, soil/geology maps, the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and processing of satellite imagery. Out of 26 districts in coastal area, eight districts were projected to have mean annual soil loss rates of >10 t·ha−1·y−1: Kololenli (19.709 t·ha−1·y−1), Kubo (14.36 t·ha−1·y−1), Matuga (19.32 t·ha−1·y−1), Changamwe (26.7 t·ha−1·y−1), Kisauni (16.23 t·ha−1·y−1), Likoni (27.9 t·ha−1·y−1), Mwatate (15.9 t·ha−1·y−1) and Wundanyi (26.51 t·ha−1·y−1). Out of 34 protected areas at the coastal areas, only four were projected to have high soil loss estimation rates >10 t·ha−1·y−1: Taita Hills (11.12 t·ha−1·y−1), Gonja (18.52 t·ha−1·y−1), Mailuganji (13.75.74 t·ha−1·y−1), and Shimba Hills (15.06 t·ha−1·y−1). In order to mitigate soil erosion in Kenya’s coastal areas, it is crucial to regulate the anthropogenic disturbances embedded mainly in deforestation of the timberlands, in addition to the natural deforestation process caused by the wildfires.
Yves Hategekimana; Mona Allam; Qingyan Meng; Yueping Nie; Elhag Mohamed. Quantification of Soil Losses along the Coastal Protected Areas in Kenya. Land 2020, 9, 137 .
AMA StyleYves Hategekimana, Mona Allam, Qingyan Meng, Yueping Nie, Elhag Mohamed. Quantification of Soil Losses along the Coastal Protected Areas in Kenya. Land. 2020; 9 (5):137.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYves Hategekimana; Mona Allam; Qingyan Meng; Yueping Nie; Elhag Mohamed. 2020. "Quantification of Soil Losses along the Coastal Protected Areas in Kenya." Land 9, no. 5: 137.
The monitoring of inland water resources in arid environments is an essential element due to their fragility. Reliable prediction of the water quality parameters helps to control and manage the water resources in arid regions. Water quality parameters were estimated using remote sensing data acquired from the beginning of 2017 until the end of 2018. The prediction of the water quality parameters was comprehended by using an adjusted autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) and its extension seasonal ARIMA (S-ARIMA). Maximum Chlorophyll Index (MCI), Green Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (GNDVI) and Normalized Difference Turbidity Index (NDTI) were the tested water quality parameters using Sentinel-2 sensor on temporal resolution basis of the sensor. Results indicated that the implementation of the ARIMA model failed to sustain a reliable prediction longer than one-month time while S-ARIMA succeeded to maintain a robust prediction for the first 3 months with confidence level of 96%. MCI has its ARIMA at (1,2,2) and S-ARIMA at (1,2,2) (2,1,1)6, GNDVI has its ARIMA at (2,1,2) and S-ARIMA at (2,1,2) (2,2,2)6, and finally, NDTI has its ARIMA at (2,2,2) and S-ARIMA at (2,2,2) (1,1,2)6. The accuracy of S-ARIMA predictions reached 82% at 6-month prediction period. Meanwhile, there was no solid prediction model that lasted till 12 months. Each of the forecasted water quality parameters is unique in its prediction settings. S-ARIMA model is a more reliable model because the seasonality feature is inherited within the forecasted water quality parameters.
Mohamed Elhag; Ioannis Gitas; Anas Othman; Jarbou Bahrawi; Aris Psilovikos; Nassir Al-Amri. Time series analysis of remotely sensed water quality parameters in arid environments, Saudi Arabia. Environment, Development and Sustainability 2020, 23, 1392 -1410.
AMA StyleMohamed Elhag, Ioannis Gitas, Anas Othman, Jarbou Bahrawi, Aris Psilovikos, Nassir Al-Amri. Time series analysis of remotely sensed water quality parameters in arid environments, Saudi Arabia. Environment, Development and Sustainability. 2020; 23 (2):1392-1410.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohamed Elhag; Ioannis Gitas; Anas Othman; Jarbou Bahrawi; Aris Psilovikos; Nassir Al-Amri. 2020. "Time series analysis of remotely sensed water quality parameters in arid environments, Saudi Arabia." Environment, Development and Sustainability 23, no. 2: 1392-1410.
Rabigh is a thriving coastal city located at the eastern bank of the Red Sea, Saudi Arabia. The city has suffered from shoreline destruction because of the invasive tidal action powered principally by the wind speed and direction over shallow waters. This study was carried out to calibrate the water column depth in the vicinity of Rabigh. Optical and microwave remote sensing data from the European Space Agency were collected over 2 years (2017–2018) along with the analog daily monitoring of tidal data collected from the marine station of Rabigh. Depth invariant index (DII) was implemented utilizing the optical data, while the Wind Field Estimation algorithm was implemented utilizing the microwave data. The findings of the current research emphasis on the oscillation behavior of the depth invariant mean values and the mean astronomical tides resulted in R 2 of 0.75 and 0.79, respectively. Robust linear regression was established between the astronomical tide and the mean values of the normalized DII (R 2 = 0.81). The findings also indicated that January had the strongest wind speed solidly correlated with the depth invariant values (R 2 = 0.92). Therefore, decision-makers can depend on remote sensing data as an efficient tool to monitor natural phenomena and also to regulate human activities in fragile ecosystems.
Mohammed H. Aljahdali; Mohamed Elhag. Calibration of the depth invariant algorithm to monitor the tidal action of Rabigh City at the Red Sea Coast, Saudi Arabia. Open Geosciences 2020, 12, 1666 -1678.
AMA StyleMohammed H. Aljahdali, Mohamed Elhag. Calibration of the depth invariant algorithm to monitor the tidal action of Rabigh City at the Red Sea Coast, Saudi Arabia. Open Geosciences. 2020; 12 (1):1666-1678.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohammed H. Aljahdali; Mohamed Elhag. 2020. "Calibration of the depth invariant algorithm to monitor the tidal action of Rabigh City at the Red Sea Coast, Saudi Arabia." Open Geosciences 12, no. 1: 1666-1678.
Mohamed Elhag; Ioannis Gitas; Anas Othman; Jarbou Bahrawi. Effect of water surface area on the remotely sensed water quality parameters of Baysh Dam Lake, Saudi Arabia. Desalination and Water Treatment 2020, 194, 369 -378.
AMA StyleMohamed Elhag, Ioannis Gitas, Anas Othman, Jarbou Bahrawi. Effect of water surface area on the remotely sensed water quality parameters of Baysh Dam Lake, Saudi Arabia. Desalination and Water Treatment. 2020; 194 ():369-378.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohamed Elhag; Ioannis Gitas; Anas Othman; Jarbou Bahrawi. 2020. "Effect of water surface area on the remotely sensed water quality parameters of Baysh Dam Lake, Saudi Arabia." Desalination and Water Treatment 194, no. : 369-378.
The applications of remote sensing in monitoring land cover features are an essential tool of natural resources management schemes. The sedimentation mapping of shallow shorelines is insufficient using passive remote sensing images because of the image corrections and weather implications that need to be considered, while active remote sensing data can overcome the difficulties of the weather interference and reach to more reliable results. The current research work took place in the shoreline on Umluj city, west of Saudi Arabia, representing one of the most sensitive wetland habitats within the country. Sentinel-1 images were downloaded and analyzed to delineate the sedimentation process from the European Space Agency. The archive image was acquired in August 2018, while the crisis emerged was acquired in March 2019 after an unusual rainfall event that took place in the vicinity of the study area. Remote sensing techniques of sedimentation mapping end change detection were implemented in the study area to estimate the sedimentation process and its influences on the wetlands. The wetland habitats were decreased by nearly 87% throughout the period of flash floods between November 2018 and March 2019. Meanwhile, sediment deposits along the shoreline of the study area increased by nearly 171%. Therefore, monitoring of the shorelines sedimentation and the wetland habitats using temporal remote sensing data are decision-making priorities to conserve the natural resources within similar arid environments.
Mohamed Elhag; Jarbou A. Bahrawi. Sedimentation mapping in shallow shoreline of arid environments using active remote sensing data. Natural Hazards 2019, 99, 879 -894.
AMA StyleMohamed Elhag, Jarbou A. Bahrawi. Sedimentation mapping in shallow shoreline of arid environments using active remote sensing data. Natural Hazards. 2019; 99 (2):879-894.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohamed Elhag; Jarbou A. Bahrawi. 2019. "Sedimentation mapping in shallow shoreline of arid environments using active remote sensing data." Natural Hazards 99, no. 2: 879-894.
Mohamed Elhag. Re_comments. 2019, 1 .
AMA StyleMohamed Elhag. Re_comments. . 2019; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohamed Elhag. 2019. "Re_comments." , no. : 1.
Mohamed Elhag. Re_comments. 2019, 1 .
AMA StyleMohamed Elhag. Re_comments. . 2019; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohamed Elhag. 2019. "Re_comments." , no. : 1.
Mohamed Elhag. Re_comments. 2019, 1 .
AMA StyleMohamed Elhag. Re_comments. . 2019; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohamed Elhag. 2019. "Re_comments." , no. : 1.
Mohamed Elhag. Re_comments. 2019, 1 .
AMA StyleMohamed Elhag. Re_comments. . 2019; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohamed Elhag. 2019. "Re_comments." , no. : 1.