Climate change causes long-term weather changes from the tropics to the polls. It is a global threat that strains several sectors. The present study conducts a review analysis that theoretically explores how climatic variability is degrading global sector sustainability. Due to irreversible weather variations, the agricultural sector is particularly vulnerable. In turn, it is disrupting worldwide consumption patterns, especially in countries where agriculture is central to their economy and productivity. Due to shifting optimum temperature ranges, climate change is also increasing biodiversity loss through modifying ecosystem architecture. Climate change increases the risk of food, water, and vector-borne diseases. Antimicrobial resistance, which is developing due to resistant pathogenic infections, is also accelerated by climate change. Climate change also hurts the forestry sector and tourism business. This review examines global socio-economic and environmental climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies and their economic consequences. According to the findings, knotted answerability of resources and laws created in the past to generate progressive climate policy need government involvement for long-term development. Thus, addressing climate change's dire consequences demands global cooperation to maintain world survival.