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Assistant Professor Witold Kawalec graduated from the Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology of the Wrocław University of Science Technology (WUT), specializing in Applied mathematics and from the Faculty of Mining of WUT, specialization: Mining and geology. He received his PhD degree (1994) in technical sciences in the discipline of mining and engineering geology. He works as assistant professor in the Institute of Mining at WUT. His research interests are focused on computational methods of spatial modelling of ore deposits and mine planning as well as modelling and calculation of mining transport systems. He created and implemented a number of proprietary solutions for belt conveyor calculations using, i.a., object methods and fuzzy logic modeling. Author and co-author of some 250 papers and numerous research reports for the mining industry. Investigator in both national and European R&D&I projects, including the Horizon 2020 Project "Integrated Process Control Based on Distributed in situ Sensors into Raw Material and Energy Feedstock – DISIRE", 10 national research projects supported by National Centre for Research and Development NCBiR and Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education MNiSW.
Exploitation of lignite in continuous surface mines requires removing masses of overburden, which are hauled to a dumpsite. There are some technological arrangements where the overburden is transported several dozen meters down to a spreader operating on a lower located dumping level. Depending on an angle of a declined transportation route, there is a possibility to convert the potential gravitational energy of conveyed down overburden masses into electric energy. To recover the maximum percentage of stored energy, an energy-effective and fully loaded belt conveyor should work in a generator mode. Due to the implementation of such a solution, a lignite continuous surface mine, which is a great electric energy consumer, can obtain the status of an electricity prosumer and reduce its environmental impact, in particular demonstrating significant savings in primary energy consumption. Though lignite surface mining is phasing out in Europe, the recuperative, overburden conveyors for downhill transport match up the targets of sustainable mining, understood as getting the maximum benefits from the exploited natural resources. According to the analyzed case study, an investment into the installation of regenerative inverters for the electric power supply of the declined overburden conveyor would pay off within 3–4 years.
Witold Kawalec; Robert Król. Generating of Electric Energy by a Declined Overburden Conveyor in a Continuous Surface Mine. Energies 2021, 14, 4030 .
AMA StyleWitold Kawalec, Robert Król. Generating of Electric Energy by a Declined Overburden Conveyor in a Continuous Surface Mine. Energies. 2021; 14 (13):4030.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWitold Kawalec; Robert Król. 2021. "Generating of Electric Energy by a Declined Overburden Conveyor in a Continuous Surface Mine." Energies 14, no. 13: 4030.
The mining industry is facing sustainable development challenges, among which the energy efficiency issues seem to be of major importance. As transport of the mined ore is considered as one of the most energy intensive operations, the improvement of its energy efficiency is a key indicator in terms of sustainable actions taken by mining companies. In open-pit mines, the material handling operations are mostly performed with trucks. Their electrified version—truck trolley systems—surpass diesel trucks’ efficiency while comparing the increased production capacity and the reduction of maintenance cost and fuel consumption. The paper analyzes the opportunities and benefits of the replacement of an ore transport system based on hauling trucks with a regenerative belt conveying in an open-pit mine. Presented case study has been analyzed from energy consumption and environmental impact reduction perspectives. Generally, conception of a regenerative conveyor is based on recuperation of energy or continuous braking needed while a conveyor is running downhill. Energy generated during the braking process (converted from the potential gravitational energy of the conveyed material) is fed back to the electrical grid. Then the regenerative conveyor can be considered as a machine that mines energy as an additional by-product of an exploited deposit. It was shown that difference in transportation cost between haul trucks and energy efficient regenerative conveyors is around 95%. The paper points the conditioning elements to allow the implementation of a regenerative belt conveyor system.
Witold Kawalec; Robert Król; Natalia Suchorab. Regenerative Belt Conveyor Versus Haul Truck-Based Transport: Polish Open-Pit Mines Facing Sustainable Development Challenges. Sustainability 2020, 12, 9215 .
AMA StyleWitold Kawalec, Robert Król, Natalia Suchorab. Regenerative Belt Conveyor Versus Haul Truck-Based Transport: Polish Open-Pit Mines Facing Sustainable Development Challenges. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (21):9215.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWitold Kawalec; Robert Król; Natalia Suchorab. 2020. "Regenerative Belt Conveyor Versus Haul Truck-Based Transport: Polish Open-Pit Mines Facing Sustainable Development Challenges." Sustainability 12, no. 21: 9215.
Belt conveyor (BC) transportation systems are considered to be the most effective for handling large volumes of bulk material. With regards to the rules of sustainable development, the improvement of belt conveyor technology is, in many cases, focused on environmental issues, which include the idea of energy usage optimization. The key issue in an energy-efficient transportation system is reducing the value of specific energy consumption (SEC) by increasing conveyor capacity whilst decreasing belt conveyor motion resistance. The main idea of this paper is to conduct an analysis of the modernization of existing belt conveyor transportation systems operated in open-pit lignite mines, in order to achieve relatively small electric energy consumption for a considered transportation task. The first part of the paper investigates the relationship between a conveyor’s SEC and material flow rate for various conveyor design parameters. Then, based on multi-parameter simulations, an analysis of electric energy consumption for a belt conveyor transportation system is carried out. Finally, an energy-saving, environmentally friendly solution is presented.
Witold Kawalec; Natalia Suchorab; Martyna Konieczna-Fuławka; Robert Król. Specific Energy Consumption of a Belt Conveyor System in a Continuous Surface Mine. Energies 2020, 13, 5214 .
AMA StyleWitold Kawalec, Natalia Suchorab, Martyna Konieczna-Fuławka, Robert Król. Specific Energy Consumption of a Belt Conveyor System in a Continuous Surface Mine. Energies. 2020; 13 (19):5214.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWitold Kawalec; Natalia Suchorab; Martyna Konieczna-Fuławka; Robert Król. 2020. "Specific Energy Consumption of a Belt Conveyor System in a Continuous Surface Mine." Energies 13, no. 19: 5214.
The ore quality at mining faces in the KGHM underground copper ore mines can be determined based on channel samples and block models built in the Datamine system. Unfortunately, even very accurate information regarding the quality of deposits at mining faces does not translate into the possibility of predicting the composition of feed to enrichment plants. The mixed ore from mining faces is cyclically loaded by trucks onto belt conveyors, which in turn convey it to shafts. When transported on the conveyors, mixed ore portions from many loading points form a divisional stream, which then goes to the main haulage conveyors where ore streams from various divisions are combined. The way of filling the bunkers, as well as ore flow temporary stoppages, changes the sequence of ore mixing and its arrival, which hinders the ability to track its quality. In the current study, radio-frequency identification (RFID) was proposed for tracking ore composition. A complementary method of ore quality prediction comes from simulating the tagged ore flow within the FlexSim software package. The discrete element method (DEM) of simulations, verified by experiments with RFID tags, can determine the ore flow through bunkers. Forecasts of ore feed composition for the next shift can be prepared with actual plans of mining division operations, the filling level of bunkers and the work plan of the transport system.
Piotr Bardziński; Leszek Jurdziak; Witold Kawalec; Robert Król. Copper Ore Quality Tracking in a Belt Conveyor System Using Simulation Tools. Natural Resources Research 2019, 29, 1031 -1040.
AMA StylePiotr Bardziński, Leszek Jurdziak, Witold Kawalec, Robert Król. Copper Ore Quality Tracking in a Belt Conveyor System Using Simulation Tools. Natural Resources Research. 2019; 29 (2):1031-1040.
Chicago/Turabian StylePiotr Bardziński; Leszek Jurdziak; Witold Kawalec; Robert Król. 2019. "Copper Ore Quality Tracking in a Belt Conveyor System Using Simulation Tools." Natural Resources Research 29, no. 2: 1031-1040.
Belt conveyors (BC) due to their unmatched capacity are extensively used in all industry applications where large volumes of bulk solids need to be transported. The mining industry is among the greatest BC users that set the new standards of required reliability, durability and operational safety. In recent years the sustainable development of the industry with the special focus on its eco-efficiency, primary energy consumption and GNG emission, is of the growing public interest. Relatively low raw material prices force competitiveness in the mining sector. Both issues set the new, higher requirements of BC efficiency as large BC systems are significant consumers of the expensive electric energy. BC are designed and built with regard to relatively conservative standards, lagged behind the already implemented technological development of BC equipment and maintenance methods. This paper deals with the proposal of the novel approach to both defining new standards for BC equipment that incorporates energy labelling, Eco-efficiency Analysis approach and calculating BC resistances to motion and required drive power with object oriented methods. The approach is illustrated by the analysis of idlers energy consumption and their fatigue tests.
Witold Kawalec; Robert Król. Sustainable Development Oriented Belt Conveyors Quality Standards. Proceedings of the 2nd Annual International Conference on Material, Machines and Methods for Sustainable Development (MMMS2020) 2019, 327 -336.
AMA StyleWitold Kawalec, Robert Król. Sustainable Development Oriented Belt Conveyors Quality Standards. Proceedings of the 2nd Annual International Conference on Material, Machines and Methods for Sustainable Development (MMMS2020). 2019; ():327-336.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWitold Kawalec; Robert Król. 2019. "Sustainable Development Oriented Belt Conveyors Quality Standards." Proceedings of the 2nd Annual International Conference on Material, Machines and Methods for Sustainable Development (MMMS2020) , no. : 327-336.
Tracking of a mined ore is now considered as one of the key issues for the needs of improvement of the whole value chain of metal production. Ore beneficiation processes (grinding, milling, floatating) aimed to increase the metal recovery and decrease the energy use as well as reconciliation of mining production depend on the identification of a mined ore. However, even if the ore is recognised at mining faces (with the help of analysis of channel samples and orebody modelling), after being mined it is blended on its way from various mining fields to the processing plants. In a complex transportation system consisting of belt conveyors with switching points, ore bunkers and shafts, batches of mined ore become anonymous. Following the growing needs of getting the knowledge from the transported or processed raw material, the DISIRE research project (within the Horizon 2020 framework program) was carried out in 2015-2018. It was focused on investigation of the Process Analyser Technology (PAT) tags for annotating the transported or processed bulk material for the needs of its further processes control and optimisation (economic, decrease of energy use). The DISIRE work package "Non-ferrous mineral processing" was devoted to implementation PAT tags for the identification of conveyed copper ore in the underground mines to get the data necessary to improve the ore processes settings control. The complex investigations consisted of the analysis of available data from existing information systems, tests of the use of labelled tags in the harsh operational conditions of the underground mine, digital experiments of simulating the ore flow throughout the transportation system, the specific modelling of the ore particles movement inside the shaft ore bunkers with the use of Discrete Element Method. These main research activities were supported by supplementary investigations like application of picture recognition techniques for differentiation of various ore batches and statistical analysis of ore loading process (by trucks from mining fields). The processing of the real data as well as the numerous in-situ experiments have proved the possibility of the application of PAT tags for the needs of ore tracking and allowed to set the guidelines of the ore tracking system. The ore tracking system should be based on the dedicated simulation model of the mine transportation system, supported on-line by the data from existing information systems that monitor mining production and machinery control. As the mining transportation system is subjected to frequent changes, PAT tag experiments should be repeated to validate the simulation model. Ore bunkers play a key role in ore mixing which should be identified with the help of DEM modelling. All investigations were done on the basis of the chosen KGHM S.A. underground mine set of real operational data. The copper ore mined in these mines is considered as one of the most complex in the world (and the most difficult...
Leszek Jurdziak; Witold Kawalec; Robert Krol. Guidelines for Ore Tracking System in the Complex Underground Transportation Got from the DISIRE Project. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2019, 221, 012101 .
AMA StyleLeszek Jurdziak, Witold Kawalec, Robert Krol. Guidelines for Ore Tracking System in the Complex Underground Transportation Got from the DISIRE Project. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 2019; 221 (1):012101.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLeszek Jurdziak; Witold Kawalec; Robert Krol. 2019. "Guidelines for Ore Tracking System in the Complex Underground Transportation Got from the DISIRE Project." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 221, no. 1: 012101.
The simulation model of the mine transportation system with regard to actual parameters of haul truck inter-arrival times was built in FlexSim. Haul trucks classified by their payload were sampling the rock material from corresponding mining faces. Two main simulation variants (V1 and V2) with a constant overall or mining face specific copper content and lithology were analyzed. The new algorithm was developed, based on the random sampling of lithologic factions from the muck pile by haul trucks. The variant V2b illustrates the interesting feature of this algorithm, when first more material from the bottom layer of the mined seam was drawn, causing the depletion of its deposit in the subsequent haul truck courses. The study demonstrated that both approaches can be used interchangeably to simulate the economic outcome of the metal production on the hourly basis. The difference between V1 and V2 variants in the total amount of copper produced after full simulation cycle changes linearly with the amount initially blasted rock mass declared in the V2 variant. The algorithm allows to choose the maximum amount of rocks to be blasted that can be delivered to the OEP in a given time.
Piotr J. Bardziński; Robert Król; Leszek Jurdziak; Witold Kawalec. Random Loading of Blasted Ore with Regard to Spatial Variations of Its Actual Lithological Compound. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing 2018, 668 -677.
AMA StylePiotr J. Bardziński, Robert Król, Leszek Jurdziak, Witold Kawalec. Random Loading of Blasted Ore with Regard to Spatial Variations of Its Actual Lithological Compound. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. 2018; ():668-677.
Chicago/Turabian StylePiotr J. Bardziński; Robert Król; Leszek Jurdziak; Witold Kawalec. 2018. "Random Loading of Blasted Ore with Regard to Spatial Variations of Its Actual Lithological Compound." Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing , no. : 668-677.
Identification of the stream of transported mine output has a great importance for the effectiveness of ore processing and for the control of mining operations. The above fact entails the growing importance of various types of scanners and on-line sensors which serve to determine the measurable parameters of a random sample and to use this information as a basis for the classification of the whole stream of mine output. An alternative method consists in effective processing of large data sets (the “big data” technology), i.e. in combining the previously generated information on the deposit (geological data), information on the locations of currently operated mine fields (mining data), and information on the flow of the stream of mined ore in the underground transportation system. The flow of mine ore is modeled with the use of simulation methods, whose reliability largely depends on how accurately a particular transportation system and its operation are reproduced in the model. Particular attention must be paid to accurate modeling of ore behavior in the nodes of the transportation system, i.e. in the bunkers. The bunkers, apart from serving a retaining function, also effect the averaging of ore parameters, as the portions of mined material subsequently added to the bunker change their position and mix. Modeling the behavior of mined ore inside the bunker is the object of tests performed with the use of Discrete Element Method (DEM). This paper includes the description of DEM and the method used for parameterizing the mined ore data (granulation, ore stream efficiency) and the bunker data (geometry, discharge technology), which are required to build a DEM model of an ore bunker following the design of an actual large-capacity shaft station bunker located in an underground copper ore mine.
Piotr Walker; Witold Kawalec; Robert Król. Application of the Discrete Element Method (DEM) for Simulation of the Ore Flow Inside the Shaft Ore Bunker in the Underground Copper Ore Mine. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing 2018, 633 -644.
AMA StylePiotr Walker, Witold Kawalec, Robert Król. Application of the Discrete Element Method (DEM) for Simulation of the Ore Flow Inside the Shaft Ore Bunker in the Underground Copper Ore Mine. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. 2018; ():633-644.
Chicago/Turabian StylePiotr Walker; Witold Kawalec; Robert Król. 2018. "Application of the Discrete Element Method (DEM) for Simulation of the Ore Flow Inside the Shaft Ore Bunker in the Underground Copper Ore Mine." Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing , no. : 633-644.
Raw material transportation generates a substantial share of costs in the mining industry. Mining companies are therefore determined to improve the effectiveness of their transportation system, focusing on solutions that increase both its energy efficiency and reliability while keeping maintenance costs low. In the underground copper ore operations in Poland's KGHM mines vast and complex belt conveyor systems have been used for horizontal haulage of the run-of-mine ore from mining departments to shafts. Basing upon a long-time experience in the field of analysing, testing, designing and computing of belt conveyor equipment with regard to specific operational conditions, the improvements to the standard design of an underground belt conveyor for ore transportation have been proposed. As the key elements of a belt conveyor, the energy-efficient conveyor belt and optimised carrying idlers have been developed for the new generation of underground conveyors. The proposed solutions were tested individually on the specially constructed test stands in the laboratory and in the experimental belt conveyor that was built up with the use of prototype parts and commissioned for the regular ore haulage in a mining department in the KGHM underground mine "Lubin". Its work was monitored and the recorded operational parameters (loadings, stresses and strains, energy dissipation, belt tracking) were compared with those previously collected on a reference (standard) conveyor. These in-situ measurements have proved that the proposed solutions will return with significant energy savings and lower maintenance costs. Calculations made on the basis of measurement results in the specialized belt conveyor designing software allow to estimate the possible savings if the modernized conveyors supersede the standard ones in a large belt conveying system.
Robert Król; Witold Kawalec; Lech Gladysiewicz. An Effective Belt Conveyor for Underground Ore Transportation Systems. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2017, 95, 42047 .
AMA StyleRobert Król, Witold Kawalec, Lech Gladysiewicz. An Effective Belt Conveyor for Underground Ore Transportation Systems. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 2017; 95 (4):42047.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRobert Król; Witold Kawalec; Lech Gladysiewicz. 2017. "An Effective Belt Conveyor for Underground Ore Transportation Systems." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 95, no. 4: 42047.
Michał Dudek; Zbigniew Krysa; Leszek Jurdziak; Witold Kawalec. Importance of fuel in the valuation of lignite-based energy projects with risk assessment from geology to energy market. Fuel 2017, 209, 694 -701.
AMA StyleMichał Dudek, Zbigniew Krysa, Leszek Jurdziak, Witold Kawalec. Importance of fuel in the valuation of lignite-based energy projects with risk assessment from geology to energy market. Fuel. 2017; 209 ():694-701.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMichał Dudek; Zbigniew Krysa; Leszek Jurdziak; Witold Kawalec. 2017. "Importance of fuel in the valuation of lignite-based energy projects with risk assessment from geology to energy market." Fuel 209, no. : 694-701.
This paper deals with the analysis of the random process of cyclic loading of a mining belt conveyor with portions of ore discharged by loaders or trucks. Such transfer of transported ore from a cyclic to a continuous transport is typical for the specific mining operations implemented in the underground copper ore mines with room and pillar mining. The conveyors in such systems are usually significantly oversized in order to match the peak loads of cumulated discharges of ore hauled from mining fields by loaders. Therefore, the actual loadings that occur in the mining transportation systems need to be analysed to provide the data for more accurate design and control of belt conveyors. The large data-set of actual loadings of the belt conveyors has been used for the stochastic modelling of the analysed process. The compound Poisson process has been proposed as mathematical tool to analyse/describe properties of ore flow. The discussion of the chosen distribution functions and results of the fitted model simulations compared with the examined measurement data are presented. In this paper, the case of a belt conveyor loaded only by a single feeding point where loaders are randomly discharged have been analysed. More complex cases (several loading points, mixed ore supply from cyclic and continuous ore mass flow from preceding conveyors or ore bunkers) are under investigation and will be presented in the future.
Piotr Kruczek; Marta Polak; Agnieszka Wyłomańska; Witold Kawalec; Radoslaw Zimroz. Application of compound Poisson process for modelling of ore flow in a belt conveyor system with cyclic loading. International Journal of Mining, Reclamation and Environment 2017, 32, 376 -391.
AMA StylePiotr Kruczek, Marta Polak, Agnieszka Wyłomańska, Witold Kawalec, Radoslaw Zimroz. Application of compound Poisson process for modelling of ore flow in a belt conveyor system with cyclic loading. International Journal of Mining, Reclamation and Environment. 2017; 32 (6):376-391.
Chicago/Turabian StylePiotr Kruczek; Marta Polak; Agnieszka Wyłomańska; Witold Kawalec; Radoslaw Zimroz. 2017. "Application of compound Poisson process for modelling of ore flow in a belt conveyor system with cyclic loading." International Journal of Mining, Reclamation and Environment 32, no. 6: 376-391.
The growing need of reducing the use of raw materials and energy in the chain of supplying goods draws the attention to all aspects of the most energy intensive processes like mining and processing of metal ore. Processing of raw materials strongly depends on their parameters, hence the more accurate identification of them should improve the process efficiency. The Process Analytic Technology with information carrying tags (pellets), annotating transported or processed raw material – is investigated within the DISIRE project. The application of DISIRE PAT for non-ferrous minerals processing is dealt with the copper producer KGHM S.A. The ore exploited in its underground mines in Poland is among the most difficult for processing. The ore compound is recognized in-situ – in mining faces. On the way to processing plants down the transportation system consisting of belt conveyors and ore bunkers, the portions of ore from numerous mining faces are converted into an unknown mixture. The study of PAT tags implementation to assign the conveyed ore with the relevant information to recognize the mixed ore compound is presented.
Leszek Jurdziak; Witold Kawalec; Robert Król. Study on Tracking the Mined Ore Compound with the Use of Process Analytic Technology Tags. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing 2017, 637, 418 -427.
AMA StyleLeszek Jurdziak, Witold Kawalec, Robert Król. Study on Tracking the Mined Ore Compound with the Use of Process Analytic Technology Tags. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. 2017; 637 ():418-427.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLeszek Jurdziak; Witold Kawalec; Robert Król. 2017. "Study on Tracking the Mined Ore Compound with the Use of Process Analytic Technology Tags." Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing 637, no. : 418-427.
Information about ore quality along its route from its source – the deposit, through long and complicated belt conveyor system till processing plant is not available in KGHM Polska Miedz on a daily basis. There were only few papers which analyzed variability of Cu content in feed to processing plant, on the transfer conveyor linking two mines and on the selected sectional conveyors. There were no such analysis regarding variation of ore lithological compositions. Such knowledge should improve metal recovery and reduce energy in processing plant by adjustment of milling and ore beneficiation parameters to known in advance copper ore quality data. Lack of data about ore composition prompted authors to analyze autocorrelations of Cu content time series in ore streams on the section and transfer conveyors as well as in the feed to processing plant. Determined differences in range of significant autocorrelations in ACF and PACF in different places along belt conveyor route have been explained by increasing difficulties in changing the average content of copper in ore coming from the growing area and a range of routes of loading machinery and face advance in comparison to range of directional semivariogram. The planned DISIRE experiment with application of Process Analyser Technology (PAT) sensors (containing ore information pellets), dropped into the transported ore streams and simulations of real flow of ore stream should show possibility to predict ore quality in advance to give enough time for necessary adjustments.
Leszek Jurdziak; Witold Kawalec; Robert Król. Autocorrelation Analysis of Cu Content in Ore Streams in One of KGHM Polska Mied? S.A. Mines. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing 2017, 637, 189 -198.
AMA StyleLeszek Jurdziak, Witold Kawalec, Robert Król. Autocorrelation Analysis of Cu Content in Ore Streams in One of KGHM Polska Mied? S.A. Mines. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. 2017; 637 ():189-198.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLeszek Jurdziak; Witold Kawalec; Robert Król. 2017. "Autocorrelation Analysis of Cu Content in Ore Streams in One of KGHM Polska Mied? S.A. Mines." Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing 637, no. : 189-198.
The Polish resources of the copper ore exploited by the KGHM S.A. underground mines are considered as one of the most complex in the world and - consequently - the most difficult to be processed. The ore consists of three lithology forms: dolomites, shales and sandstones but in different proportions which has a significant impact on the effectiveness of the grinding and flotation processes. The lithological composition of the ore is generally recognised in-situ but after being mined it is blended on its long way from various mining fields to the processing plant by the complex transportation system consisting of belt conveyors with numerous switching points, ore bunkers and shafts. Identification of the lithological composition of the ore being supplied to the processing plant should improve the adjustments of the ore processing machinery equipment aiming to decrease the specific processing (mainly grinding) energy consumption as well as increase the metal recovery. The novel idea of Process Analyser Technology (PAT) sensors - information carrying pellets, dropped into the transported or processed bulk material which can be read directly when needed - is investigated for various applications within the DISIRE project (a part of the SPIRE initiative, acting under the Horizon2020 framework program) and here is adopted for implementing the annotation the transported copper ore for the needs of ore processing plants control. The identification of the lithological composition of ore blended on its way to the processing plant can be achieved by an information system consisting of pellets that keep the information about the original location of the portions of conveyed ore, the digital, geological database keeping the data of in-situ lithology and the simulation models of the transportation system, necessary to evaluate the composition of the blended ore. The assumptions of the proposed solution and the plan of necessary in-situ tests (with the special respect to harsh environment of
Leszek Jurdziak; Damian Kaszuba; Witold Kawalec; Robert Król. Idea of Identification of Copper Ore with the Use of Process Analyser Technology Sensors. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2016, 44, 042037 .
AMA StyleLeszek Jurdziak, Damian Kaszuba, Witold Kawalec, Robert Król. Idea of Identification of Copper Ore with the Use of Process Analyser Technology Sensors. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 2016; 44 (4):042037.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLeszek Jurdziak; Damian Kaszuba; Witold Kawalec; Robert Król. 2016. "Idea of Identification of Copper Ore with the Use of Process Analyser Technology Sensors." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 44, no. 4: 042037.
The lithological composition of the copper ore delivered to the mills, when recognised in advance, is considered as the most important factor for the proper settings of grinding/milling equipment that can both decrease the specific energy consumption of ore processing and increase metal recovery. In order to address this problem, the idea of the use of sensors for in-situ sensing with respect to adaptation to harsh environment of copper ore conveying in the underground mines was investigated. The in-situ sensors information carrying pellets, are planned to be used for annotating the copper ore for the needs of ore processing plants control. The improved identification of the lithological composition of ore can be achieved by combination of annotating the stream of transported ore with pellets that keep the information on the original location of the ore (when they are dropped into the transported bulk material), the data of the in-situ lithology derived from the digital, orebody structural and quality block model and the simulation analysis of the transportation system. The idea is being developed within the DISIRE project – a part of the SPIRE initiative, acting under the “Horizon 2020” framework program.
Witold Kawalec; Robert Krol; Radoslaw Zimroz; Leszek Jurdziak; Marek Jach; Radoslaw Pilut. Project DISIRE (H2020) – an idea of annotating of ore with sensors in KGHM Polska Miedz S.A. underground copper ore mines. E3S Web of Conferences 2016, 8, 1058 .
AMA StyleWitold Kawalec, Robert Krol, Radoslaw Zimroz, Leszek Jurdziak, Marek Jach, Radoslaw Pilut. Project DISIRE (H2020) – an idea of annotating of ore with sensors in KGHM Polska Miedz S.A. underground copper ore mines. E3S Web of Conferences. 2016; 8 ():1058.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWitold Kawalec; Robert Krol; Radoslaw Zimroz; Leszek Jurdziak; Marek Jach; Radoslaw Pilut. 2016. "Project DISIRE (H2020) – an idea of annotating of ore with sensors in KGHM Polska Miedz S.A. underground copper ore mines." E3S Web of Conferences 8, no. : 1058.
In this paper the methodology of ore sampling on a belt conveyor in one of KGHM Polska Miedz S.A. mines was presented together with the results of analysis of the variation of ore tonnage and quality. The ore was transferred from one mine to another one through the analysed transfer conveyor on the route from the mine Division of Mining to copper plants. The transported ore was sampled in person from Division of Concentrators on a regular basis for metal accounting purposes between both mines. The ore quality control became a significant problem since it is impossible to predict with satisfactory advance both Cu content in the feed as well as its lithology composition which is required to improve and optimise the enrichment efficiency.
Leszek Jurdziak; Witold Kawalec; Robert Krol. Current methods and possibilities to determine the variability of Cu content in the copper ore on a conveyor belt in one of KGHM Polska Miedz S.A. mines. E3S Web of Conferences 2016, 8, 1055 .
AMA StyleLeszek Jurdziak, Witold Kawalec, Robert Krol. Current methods and possibilities to determine the variability of Cu content in the copper ore on a conveyor belt in one of KGHM Polska Miedz S.A. mines. E3S Web of Conferences. 2016; 8 ():1055.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLeszek Jurdziak; Witold Kawalec; Robert Krol. 2016. "Current methods and possibilities to determine the variability of Cu content in the copper ore on a conveyor belt in one of KGHM Polska Miedz S.A. mines." E3S Web of Conferences 8, no. : 1055.
Ryszard Blazej; Leszek Jurdziak; Witold Kawalec. Operational Safety of Steel-Cord Conveyor Belts Under Non-stationary Loadings. Applied Condition Monitoring 2015, 473 -481.
AMA StyleRyszard Blazej, Leszek Jurdziak, Witold Kawalec. Operational Safety of Steel-Cord Conveyor Belts Under Non-stationary Loadings. Applied Condition Monitoring. 2015; ():473-481.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRyszard Blazej; Leszek Jurdziak; Witold Kawalec. 2015. "Operational Safety of Steel-Cord Conveyor Belts Under Non-stationary Loadings." Applied Condition Monitoring , no. : 473-481.
Ryszard Błażej; Leszek Jurdziak; Witold Kawalec. Condition Monitoring of Conveyor Belts as a Tool for Proper Selection of Their Replacement Time. Applied Condition Monitoring 2015, 483 -494.
AMA StyleRyszard Błażej, Leszek Jurdziak, Witold Kawalec. Condition Monitoring of Conveyor Belts as a Tool for Proper Selection of Their Replacement Time. Applied Condition Monitoring. 2015; ():483-494.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRyszard Błażej; Leszek Jurdziak; Witold Kawalec. 2015. "Condition Monitoring of Conveyor Belts as a Tool for Proper Selection of Their Replacement Time." Applied Condition Monitoring , no. : 483-494.
The paper deals with impact of surface cost on lignite mining project. Not only profitability is discussed but also relations between land owners and a Mine Company. Land acquisition is analyzed and statistics are presented. Surface cost as term is introduced. Investigations are conducted on real data obtained from an already closed pit. Geological data is processed and economic block model is built. Lignite quality parameters are estimated with the use of kriging. Surface cost map of deposit area is generated as average measures for purchase/sale of real estate transactions. Ultimate pits with the use of Lerchs-Grossmann algorithm are generated and results are discussed. Additional spatial relation as increase in required land area for operation due to ultimate pits cases is shown. Time factor in land buyout is discussed. Over or underestimating surface cost may have significant impact on viability of lignite mining project.
Michał W. Dudek; Leszek Jurdziak; Witold Kawalec; Zbigniew Jagodziński. Impact of Surface Cost on Lignite Mining Project. Lecture Notes in Production Engineering 2015, 411 -424.
AMA StyleMichał W. Dudek, Leszek Jurdziak, Witold Kawalec, Zbigniew Jagodziński. Impact of Surface Cost on Lignite Mining Project. Lecture Notes in Production Engineering. 2015; ():411-424.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMichał W. Dudek; Leszek Jurdziak; Witold Kawalec; Zbigniew Jagodziński. 2015. "Impact of Surface Cost on Lignite Mining Project." Lecture Notes in Production Engineering , no. : 411-424.