The anti-cholinesterase activity was evaluated of the ethyl acetate fraction of the methanol extract of Myristica fragrans Houtt (Myristicaceae) seeds and of compounds isolated from it by various chromatographic techniques. The chemical structures of the compounds were determined from spectroscopic analyses (NMR data). Thirteen compounds (1—13) were isolated and identified. Compound 8 {[(7S)-8′-(4′-hydroxy-3′-methoxyphenyl)-7-hydroxypropyl]benzene-2,4-diol} showed the most effective activity with an IC₅₀ value of 35.1 μM, followed by compounds 2 [(8R,8′S)-7′-(3′,4′-methylenedioxyphenyl)-8,8′-dimethyl-7-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-butane] and 11 (malabaricone C) with IC₅₀ values of 42.1 and 44.0 μM, respectively. This is the first report of significant anticholinesterase properties of M. fragrans seeds. The findings demonstrate that M. fragrans could be used beneficially in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.