Greenery systems are sustainable ecosystems for buildings. Many studies on greenery systems, such as green roofs and green walls, have demonstrated that greenery systems support energy saving and improve thermal conditions in the building sector. This paper summarizes, discusses, and compares greenery systems and their contributions to the reduction of the urban heat index, the reduction of internal and external buildings’ wall temperatures, and the reduction of the energy consumption of buildings. The fundamental mechanisms of greenery systems, which are thermal insulation, evapotranspiration, and shading effect, are also discussed. The benefits of greenery systems include the improvement of stormwater management, the improvement of air quality, the reduction of sound pollution, the reduction of carbon dioxide, and the improvement of aesthetic building value. The summarized materials on the greenery systems in the article will be a point of references for the researchers, planners, and developers of urban and rural areas, as well as the individual’s interest for future urban and rural plans.

Turbine blades are often exposed to the ‘hot’ gas environment and thus it is essential to apply effective cooling technique to extend the blade lifetime. In the present work, wall heat transfer characteristics inside a blade trailing-edge coolant passage were investigated by analyzing two baseline configurations experimentally studied by previous researchers. In addition, three new configurations were proposed by varying shape and orientation against an incoming airflow. All these five configurations adopted similar layout with five-row elliptic pin-fins in the main coolant region and one-row fillet circular pin-fin in the exit region. Validation study was started by two baseline configurations by comparing CFD predictions with experimental measurements, followed by wall heat transfer predictions of three newly proposed configurations. It was found that pin-fin shape and its orientation have considerable effects on the wall heat transfer characteristics, and that by rotating the pin-fin against incoming flow, some compromises could be achieved, such as higher heat transfer coefficient and lower pressure loss.