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Prof. Dr. Vito Bobek
University of Applied Sciences FH Joanneum, Graz Austria

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Journal article
Published: 26 April 2021 in Sustainability
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This paper deals with the topic area “female entrepreneurship,” and the research focuses on the determinants of female entrepreneurs’ business success and sustainability, together with their impact on Taiwan’s economic development. According to the Morgan Stanley Capital International (MSCI) and the Financial Times Stock Exchange (FTSE) classification, Taiwan can be considered an emerging economy. Various liberal and social theories and Hofstede’s cultural dimensions were analyzed to develop some hypotheses, including some relevant success factors connected to female entrepreneurship in Taiwan. The Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) and the Female Entrepreneurship Index (FEI) were relevant for the data analysis because the research was based on secondary data with 1098 observations, and a logistic regression model was performed. The factors of fear of failure and personal network correlated significantly to female entrepreneurs’ business success in Taiwan and the level of education had no significant correlation. Further research is recommended to include additional factors to achieve a higher accuracy of the model. A comparison of Taiwan with another region/country might also deliver some interesting insights.

ACS Style

Lisa-Marie Schröder; Vito Bobek; Tatjana Horvat. Determinants of Success of Businesses of Female Entrepreneurs in Taiwan. Sustainability 2021, 13, 4842 .

AMA Style

Lisa-Marie Schröder, Vito Bobek, Tatjana Horvat. Determinants of Success of Businesses of Female Entrepreneurs in Taiwan. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (9):4842.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lisa-Marie Schröder; Vito Bobek; Tatjana Horvat. 2021. "Determinants of Success of Businesses of Female Entrepreneurs in Taiwan." Sustainability 13, no. 9: 4842.

Book chapter
Published: 16 April 2021 in Emerging Markets [Working Title]
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Emerging markets are amongst some of the fastest-growing economies on the globe. However, it is necessary to enhance human capital to enable the long-term development of a nation. The theory states that the increase in workforce participation favorably impacts GDP per capita. Additionally, developing markets can grow even further if they increase women’s rates in the labor market. The authors’ desire is to determine the main obstacles for women in the job market and identify the impact of female participation on national development. The authors applied the following methods of work: description and compilation of different literature and deduction method to show which relevant factors are recommended to make higher women’s economic activity to impacts the economy in a broader sense. The results show that Emerging markets must overcome gender inequalities, properly enforce female-related regulations, and invest in human development. The results also point out the relevance of a country’s level of development, culture, education, female-related laws, and their influence on women’s decision or ability to work. The discussion demonstrates that the rate of women in the workforce is increasing, but it is still severely lower than the men’s rate. The main issues are cultural stereotypes, limited access to the job market, and difficulties with combining work and childcare. When it comes to infrastructure and educational possibilities, remote areas are still underdeveloped. Furthermore, gender bias is still deeply rooted in rural society. The elimination of these stereotypes and the improvement (and enforcement) of women-related policies will contribute to higher female workforce participation in the future.

ACS Style

Verena Habrich; Vito Bobek; Tatjana Horvat. The Influence of Economic Activity of Women in Malaysia and Guatemala on National Development. Emerging Markets [Working Title] 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Verena Habrich, Vito Bobek, Tatjana Horvat. The Influence of Economic Activity of Women in Malaysia and Guatemala on National Development. Emerging Markets [Working Title]. 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Verena Habrich; Vito Bobek; Tatjana Horvat. 2021. "The Influence of Economic Activity of Women in Malaysia and Guatemala on National Development." Emerging Markets [Working Title] , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 23 October 2020 in Sustainability
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The research’s fundamental investigation elaborates on interactions between tertiary educational factors and Namibia’s sustainable economic development. Sequential mixed-research-method guides the investigation towards its results: A quantitative statistical data analysis enables the selection of interrelated educational and economic factors and monitors its development within Namibia’s last three decades. Subsequent qualitative interviews accumulate respondents’ subjective assessments that enable answering the fundamental interaction. Globally evident connections between a nation’s tertiary education system and its economic development are partially confirmed within Namibia. The domestic government recognizes the importance of education that represents a driving force for its sustainable economic development. Along with governmental NDP’s (National Development Program) and its long-term Vision 2030, Namibia is on the right track in transforming itself into a Knowledge-Based and Sustainable Economy. This transformation process increases human capital, growing GDP, and enhances domestic’s living standards. Namibia’s multiculturalism and its unequal resource distribution provoke difficulties for certain ethnicities accessing educational institutions. Namibia’s tertiary education system’s other challenges are missing infrastructures, lacking curricula’ quality, and absent international expertise. The authors’ findings suggest that, due to Namibia’s late independence, there is a substantial need to catch up in creating a Namibian identity. Socioeconomic actions would enhance domestic’s self-esteem and would enable the development of sustainable economic sectors. Raising the Namibian tertiary education system’s educational quality and enhancing its access could lead to diversification of economic sectors, accelerating its internationalization process. Besides that, Namibia has to face numerous challenges, including corruption, unemployment, and multidimensional poverty, that interact with its tertiary education system.

ACS Style

Moritz Jellenz; Vito Bobek; Tatjana Horvat. Impact of Education on Sustainable Economic Development in Emerging Markets—The Case of Namibia’s Tertiary Education System and Its Economy. Sustainability 2020, 12, 8814 .

AMA Style

Moritz Jellenz, Vito Bobek, Tatjana Horvat. Impact of Education on Sustainable Economic Development in Emerging Markets—The Case of Namibia’s Tertiary Education System and Its Economy. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (21):8814.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Moritz Jellenz; Vito Bobek; Tatjana Horvat. 2020. "Impact of Education on Sustainable Economic Development in Emerging Markets—The Case of Namibia’s Tertiary Education System and Its Economy." Sustainability 12, no. 21: 8814.

Book chapter
Published: 03 June 2020 in Perspectives on Economic Development - Public Policy, Culture, and Economic Development
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This chapter consists of two parts. In the first theoretical part, economic culture and economic performance are presented. Economic performance and development of market economy institutions depend on many factors. It became evident that economic and cultural factors play an important role. There is a lot of evidence that this role has been underconceptualized and analytically-experimentally underexploited. In the second empirical part, authors dive into the complex topic of Namibia’s cultural changing process, combined with its economic development. Such development is only traceable if the historic cornerstones of the nation (e.g., colonization, genocide, apartheid, foreign administration, and independence) are taken under consideration. The emerging social and economic challenges, e.g., poverty, gender, and social inequalities as well as unemployment, will be monitored. To describe Namibia’s economic development, several indices, for instance, foreign direct investment, gross domestic product, and Hofstede six-dimension model, will be applied. Furthermore, indices of Namibia’s cultural development (CDIS) will be presented and analyzed. While demonstrating Namibia’s significant cultural and economic aspects, perspectives in regard to the well-being of the next generations are incorporated.

ACS Style

Vito Bobek; Jellenz Moritz; Tatjana Horvat. Namibia’s Triple Challenge and Its Economic Development. Perspectives on Economic Development - Public Policy, Culture, and Economic Development 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Vito Bobek, Jellenz Moritz, Tatjana Horvat. Namibia’s Triple Challenge and Its Economic Development. Perspectives on Economic Development - Public Policy, Culture, and Economic Development. 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Vito Bobek; Jellenz Moritz; Tatjana Horvat. 2020. "Namibia’s Triple Challenge and Its Economic Development." Perspectives on Economic Development - Public Policy, Culture, and Economic Development , no. : 1.

Book chapter
Published: 19 February 2020 in Smart Urban Development
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When preparing a budget, local authorities are faced with a problem of implementing all statutory tasks while maintaining a balanced budget both from a financial point of view and from the aspect of satisfying common needs and interests of citizens. All these factors are reflected in the timely adoption of a budget. Our fundamental hypothesis is that in their efforts for timely adoption of a budget, local communities face institutional and political factors. If the budget of the local community is not adopted on time, local communities, in the case of Slovenia, are financed only on a temporary basis. An example of an institutional factor is the cooperation between a mayor and a finance manager in preparation of a budget (the first factor). An example of a political factor is the clarity of informing a municipal council (the second factor) which is the decision-taking body of a local community, since both the mayor and municipal council are elected politically. To this end, we have set two hypotheses. The first hypothesis is that the first mentioned factor is an important factor for timely adoption of a local community budget. We checked it with the discriminatory analysis. The second hypothesis is that the clarity of informing a municipal council by a mayor is an important factor for the timely adoption of a local community budget. We checked it by testing the difference between the arithmetic mean for two independent samples. The sample consisted of 122 local communities out of 212 population. Based on theoretical background and research, we have drawn recommendations to local communities for timely adoption of budget which consequently allows financing and performance of municipalities’ tasks.

ACS Style

Tatjana Horvat; Nataša Gaber Sivka; Vito Bobek. The Impact of Institutional and Political Factors on Timely Adoption of Local Community Budgets. Smart Urban Development 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Tatjana Horvat, Nataša Gaber Sivka, Vito Bobek. The Impact of Institutional and Political Factors on Timely Adoption of Local Community Budgets. Smart Urban Development. 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tatjana Horvat; Nataša Gaber Sivka; Vito Bobek. 2020. "The Impact of Institutional and Political Factors on Timely Adoption of Local Community Budgets." Smart Urban Development , no. : 1.

Book chapter
Published: 05 February 2020 in Selected Aspects of Non-Profit Organisations
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Internal auditing of non-profit organizations represents the first line of defence against inadequate use of non-profit organization?s funding sources. In the European legal system, the purpose of a non-profit organization is to meet the needs of stakeholders with different products and services and public works that the state or other profit organization cannot satisfy and to affect the policy of the state or the economy. Non-profit organizations due to their nature are not able to acquire their own sources of financing, which is why they largely depend on subsidies, grants, membership fees, revenue from the sale of services and products that are not necessarily sold at market price. Therefore, the correct usage of these sources is all the more important. One way of checking the correctness of the use of sources of financing is internal audit, which must be carefully planned. The purpose of the chapter is to present the planning of the internal audit in the case of a non-profit organization, the most important part of which is the definition of audit objectives, the organization’s risk analysis and the preparation of the audit plan.

ACS Style

Tatjana Horvat; Vito Bobek. Planning the Audit of Financial Resources in a Non-Profit Organization. Selected Aspects of Non-Profit Organisations 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Tatjana Horvat, Vito Bobek. Planning the Audit of Financial Resources in a Non-Profit Organization. Selected Aspects of Non-Profit Organisations. 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tatjana Horvat; Vito Bobek. 2020. "Planning the Audit of Financial Resources in a Non-Profit Organization." Selected Aspects of Non-Profit Organisations , no. : 1.

Book chapter
Published: 03 October 2018 in Trade and Global Market
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ACS Style

Vito Bobek. Introductory Chapter. Trade and Global Market 2018, 1 .

AMA Style

Vito Bobek. Introductory Chapter. Trade and Global Market. 2018; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Vito Bobek. 2018. "Introductory Chapter." Trade and Global Market , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2018 in Naše gospodarstvo/Our economy
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To intervene against discriminatory in the workplace is tremendously important because discriminatory practices have an enormous economic impact, along with a severe impact on psychological health, which can result in illnesses such as depression and burnout. Such intervention requires a multidimensional approach, including the whole organization and a systematic procedure. The aim of this paper is to offer suggestions on how to reduce discrimination in the workplace in Austria and Taiwan. To reach this aim, a qualitative study was conducted. It showed that education, active positioning of companies, leadership and diligent selection of employees, discussion and analysis, psychological support, governmental policies, and aspects of language and talking gender-wise are the most important steps to decrease or eliminate discrimination in the workplace.

ACS Style

Vito Bobek; Anita Maček; Sarah Bradler; Tatjana Horvat. How to Reduce Discrimination in the Workplace: The Case of Austria and Taiwan (R.O.C.). Naše gospodarstvo/Our economy 2018, 64, 12 -22.

AMA Style

Vito Bobek, Anita Maček, Sarah Bradler, Tatjana Horvat. How to Reduce Discrimination in the Workplace: The Case of Austria and Taiwan (R.O.C.). Naše gospodarstvo/Our economy. 2018; 64 (3):12-22.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Vito Bobek; Anita Maček; Sarah Bradler; Tatjana Horvat. 2018. "How to Reduce Discrimination in the Workplace: The Case of Austria and Taiwan (R.O.C.)." Naše gospodarstvo/Our economy 64, no. 3: 12-22.

Journal article
Published: 01 March 2018 in Naše gospodarstvo/Our economy
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This paper analyses possible challenges and opportunities that Mexican female entrepreneurs face during the establishment of new enterprises. Based on in-depth interviews with female entrepreneurs and entrepreneurship experts, authors researched opportunities in the form of governmental and non-governmental institutional support, growing entrepreneurship, social awareness and women empowerment. However, lack of credibility, fear of vulnerability to criticism and social pressure are some challenges associated with gender egalitarianism. In such, the authors proved that Mexican culture impacts women in some ways more than the others. Institutional collectivism was the cultural dimension with higher positive impact on women, followed by gender egalitarianism with a neutral to positive impact and the power distance with a neutral influence on women.

ACS Style

Martha Cantú Cavada; Vito Bobek; Hazbo Skoko; Anita Maček. Cultural Foundations of Female Entrepreneurship in Mexico: Challenges and Opportunities. Naše gospodarstvo/Our economy 2018, 64, 28 -40.

AMA Style

Martha Cantú Cavada, Vito Bobek, Hazbo Skoko, Anita Maček. Cultural Foundations of Female Entrepreneurship in Mexico: Challenges and Opportunities. Naše gospodarstvo/Our economy. 2018; 64 (1):28-40.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Martha Cantú Cavada; Vito Bobek; Hazbo Skoko; Anita Maček. 2018. "Cultural Foundations of Female Entrepreneurship in Mexico: Challenges and Opportunities." Naše gospodarstvo/Our economy 64, no. 1: 28-40.

Book chapter
Published: 17 November 2017 in Management of Cities and Regions
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In 2012, the EU Commission provided each member state with a country position paper outlining the analysis of the Commission of the main challenges and funding priorities relevant for the European Structural and Investment Funds (ESI) in the programming period 2014–2020, including in relation to European Territorial Cooperation. These position papers have guided the ensuing dialogue with the Commission in particular in relation to the prioritisation of development needs and concentration of support, as well as in terms of the presentation of information. In this chapter, authors are presenting relevant social, economic and environmental aspects of the programme area and describe how the cooperation programme’s strategy in the case of cross-border cooperation between Slovenia and Austria for 2014–2020 period has contributed to the delivery of the Union strategy for smart, sustainable and inclusive growth and for achieving economic, social and territorial cohesion.

ACS Style

Vito Bobek; Anita Maček. Regional Analysis for European Structural and Investment Funds on the Case of Slovenia-Austria Cross-Border Cooperation 2014–2020. Management of Cities and Regions 2017, 1 .

AMA Style

Vito Bobek, Anita Maček. Regional Analysis for European Structural and Investment Funds on the Case of Slovenia-Austria Cross-Border Cooperation 2014–2020. Management of Cities and Regions. 2017; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Vito Bobek; Anita Maček. 2017. "Regional Analysis for European Structural and Investment Funds on the Case of Slovenia-Austria Cross-Border Cooperation 2014–2020." Management of Cities and Regions , no. : 1.

Book chapter
Published: 14 October 2015 in Perspectives on Business and Management
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ACS Style

Anita Macek; Vito Bobek. A Development Vision and Strategy Model as a Response of Cities to the Challenges of Globalization. Perspectives on Business and Management 2015, 1 .

AMA Style

Anita Macek, Vito Bobek. A Development Vision and Strategy Model as a Response of Cities to the Challenges of Globalization. Perspectives on Business and Management. 2015; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Anita Macek; Vito Bobek. 2015. "A Development Vision and Strategy Model as a Response of Cities to the Challenges of Globalization." Perspectives on Business and Management , no. : 1.