The review process of the literature is a complex part of qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods research, developed throughout the entire investigation, from the formulation of the study problem, through the improvement of a conceptual framework to the rise of the discussion or theoretical dialogue. The objective of this paper is to offer an innovative procedure that facilitates a systematic review of the literature in qualitative research based on a methodologically structured analytical process, documentary analysis, and supported by the technical possibilities offered by computer tools such as Mendeley or MAXQDA. The methodological procedure of the Bibliographic Documentary Analysis includes the support to the development of the purpose of the investigation by establishing the investigative limits of the study, facilitating the elaboration of a conceptual framework by allowing the articulation of indicators based on concepts and the development of the study discussion or theoretical dialogue. The result is the smooth integration of documentary material into a database with the support of paraphrase, strategy to summarize data and develop analytical categories. The procedure has been successfully tested in different investigations providing greater clarity to the process of reviewing the literature in qualitative research. El proceso de revisión de la literatura es una parte compleja de las investigaciones cualitativas, cuantitativas y mixtas desarrollándose a lo largo de toda la investigación, desde la formulación del problema del estudio, pasando por la elaboración de un marco conceptual hasta el desarrollo de la discusión o diálogo teorético. El objetivo del presente trabajo se centra en ofrecer un procedimiento innovador que facilita una revisión sistemática de la literatura en investigaciones cualitativas basada en un proceso analítico metodológicamente estructurado, análisis documental, y apoyado por las posibilidades técnicas que ofrecen las herramientas informáticas como Mendeley o MAXQDA. El procedimiento metodológico de Análisis Documental Bibliográfico sirve como soporte al desarrollo del propósito de la investigación al establecer los límites investigadores del estudio, propicia la elaboración de un marco conceptual al permitir la articulación de indicadores a partir de conceptos y facilita el desarrollo de la discusión del estudio o diálogo teorético. El resultado es la fluida integración del material documental en una base de datos que sirve de apoyo a las paráfrasis resultantes siendo ésta una estrategia para resumir datos y elaborar categorías analíticas. El procedimiento se ha probado exitosamente en diferentes investigaciones aportando una mayor claridad al proceso de revisión de la literatura en investigaciones cualitativas.

Sustainable finance, which integrates environmental, social and governance criteria on financial decisions rests on the fact that money should be used for good purposes. Thus, the financial sector is also expected to play a more important role to decarbonise the global economy. To align financial flows with a pathway towards a low-carbon economy, investors should be able to integrate into their financial decisions additional criteria beyond return and risk to manage climate risk. We propose a tri-criterion portfolio selection model to extend the classical Markowitz’s mean-variance approach to include investor’s preferences on the portfolio carbon risk exposure as an additional criterion. To approximate the 3D Pareto front we apply an efficient multi-objective genetic algorithm called ev-MOGA which is based on the concept of $\epsilon$-dominance. Furthermore, we introduce a-posteriori approach to incorporate the investor’s preferences into the solution process regarding their climate-change related preferences measured by the carbon risk exposure and their loss-adverse attitude. We test the performance of the proposed algorithm in a cross-section of European socially responsible investments open-end funds to assess the extent to which climate-related risk could be embedded in the portfolio according to the investor’s preferences.

Challenging the Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH) has been a recurrent topic for researchers and practitioners since its formulation. Hundreds of empirical studies claim to either prove or disprove the EMH by means of a number of heterogeneous methods. Even though the EMH is usually adjusted to a measure of risk, there is a lack of a formal analysis within a multiple-criteria context. In this paper, we propose a extension of the EMH that accommodates the foundations of multiple-criteria decision analysis. To this end, we rely on a family of parametric signed dissimilarity measures to assess multidimensional performance differences. Since normalization is a critical step in our approach to avoid meaningless comparisons, we present two novel theoretical results connecting different normalization techniques. This multicriteria extension provides a common framework on which to add empirical evidence regarding the EMH testing.

The current use of natural resources in the textile industry leads us to introduce a new economic concept called inverse Malthusianism describing a context in which population grows linearly and resource consumption grows exponentially. Inverse Malthusianism implies an exponential increase in environmental impact that recycling may contribute to reduce. Our main goal is to extend the analysis of materials selection under the principle of equimarginality proposed by Jevons. As a first result, we show the particular circumstances under which policies excluding recycled supplies are never optimal. We also aim to overcome the difficulties of reducing environmental aspects to monetary units. To this end, we propose a multicriteria approach to solve the conventional-recycled materials dilemma considering not only economic but also environmental criteria. Then, we allow producers to enrich their decision-making process with relevant information about the environmental impact of materials selection. Although we use examples of the textile industry to illustrate our results, most of the insights in this paper can be extended to other industries.

En el presente trabajo de investigación se plantea como hipótesis que un modelo de tutorización proactiva, centrado en el acompañamiento y seguimiento continuo del estudiante online, mejora la tasa de aprobados y la satisfacción de los estudiantes. Para validar dicha hipótesis se describen y comparan los resultados de las encuestas de satisfacción y la tasa de aprobados de los cursos impartidos a través del Plan de Estudios Coordinados en Asesoría Financiera del Centro de Formación Permanente de la Universitat Politècnica de València, incluyéndose en el estudio 27 cursos que siguen un modelo de tutorización proactiva con un total de 5.613 estudiantes matriculados y una muestra de 2.500 cuestionarios y 30 cursos que siguen un modelo de tutorización reactiva con un total de 1.862 estudiantes matriculados y una muestra de 583 cuestionarios. Los resultados obtenidos permiten aceptar la hipótesis de partida confirmando que en los cursos que se ha seguido un modelo de tutorización proactiva la tasa de aprobados es un 27% más alta, y al respecto de la satisfacción del alumnado, en ambos tipos de tutorización, el patrón general de respuestas a las encuestas, con ciertas diferencias en la distribución de las mismas, es similar si bien, la satisfacción es más alta en los cursos que han seguido un modelo de tutorización proactivo, mientras que la insatisfacción es mayor en los de tutorización reactiva. In this research, we established the hypothesis that a proactive tutoring model, focused on the continuous monitoring and follow-up of the online student, improves the rate of approved students and student satisfaction. To validate this hypothesis, we describe and compare the results of the satisfaction surveys and the approved rate of the courses taught through the Coordinated Study Plan in Financial Advisory of the Center for Permanent Training of the Polytechnic University of Valencia. We included in the research 27 courses that follow a proactive tutoring model with a total of 5.613 students enrolled and a sample of 2.500 questionnaires and 30 courses that follow a reactive tutoring model with a total of 1.139 students enrolled with a sample of 583 questionnaires. The results obtained permit accepting the initial hypothesis, confirming that in the courses that a proactive tutoring model was followed, the approved rate is 27% higher and regarding student satisfaction in both types of tutoring the general pattern of responses to the survey, with certain differences in their distribution, were similar, although satisfaction is higher in courses that have followed a proactive tutoring model, while dissatisfaction is greater in those with a reactive tutoring.

Una de las competencias trasversales definidas por las universidades es la comunicación efectiva bajo la que subyacen capacidades como la síntesis, el relacionar conceptos, integrarlos y trasmitirlos. Sin embargo, es frecuente detectar carencias en estudiantes de educación superior en la comprensión lectora y en la expresión escrita. Para paliar este problema, este trabajo estudia la efectividad del uso de la Inteligencia Artificial en el desarrollo de capacidades de lecto-comprensión, integración y síntesis de textos académicos. Los resultados cualitativos del estudio reflejan impactos positivos en el aprendizaje tales como la eficiencia, la mejora de la comprensión lectora y la capacidad para la creatividad y la generación de ideas. El estudio cuantitativo sugiere que la intervención tuvo un impacto estadísticamente significativo en aspectos como la identificación de conceptos clave y comprensión. Estos resultados suponen un avance en la integración de los últimos avances tecnológicos en los sistemas educativos.