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Prof. Vladimir Strezov
Macquarie University

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0 Industrial Ecology
0 Water Quality
0 Renewable and Sustainable Energy
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Short Biography

Prof Vladimir Strezov has research interests in renewable and sustainable energy, industrial ecology, control of environmental pollution and designing sustainability metrics of industrial operations. He has established research links with primary industries aiming to reduce their environmental impacts and improve energy efficiency. Prof Strezov has research focus on developing and evaluating biomass processing technologies for sustainable generation of energy and bio-fuels. Prof Strezov is Fellow of the Institution of Engineers Australia, and Fellow of the Australian Institute of Energy.

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Journal article
Published: 11 August 2021 in Sustainability
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This study evaluates the economic cost and sustainability of treating residual municipal solid waste (MSW) through five waste management scenarios. In the baseline scenario (Bsc), all waste was managed through landfilling, while in scenario 1 (Sc1) all waste was treated by incineration. Sc2 employed anaerobic digestion (AD) for food waste and landfilling, and Sc3 treated the waste through AD for food waste, incineration of combustible and plastic wastes, and landfilling. Sc4 treated the waste using AD, incineration, landfilling, and recycling of the plastic waste. The economic cost of waste management scenarios was estimated by calculating different economic variables, such as gate fees, including capital and operating costs, governmental incentives and levies, and also the potential of employed waste treatment technologies for resource recovery. The results revealed that Sc3 has the lowest economic cost of 238.1 mAUD/year, followed by Sc1 (261.9 mAUD/year), while Bsc proved to be the highest cost at 476.1 mAUD/year for MSW treatment. It was noticed that scenarios employing incineration had lower economic costs compared to Bsc and Sc2, mainly because incineration resulted in higher electricity generation and reduced greenhouse gas emissions. The sustainability assessment results confirmed that Sc3 had the lowest and Bcs the highest total economic cost and environmental damage.

ACS Style

Behnam Hosseini Dastjerdi; Vladimir Strezov; Ravinder Kumar; Masud Behnia. Economic Feasibility and Sustainability Assessment of Residual Municipal Solid Waste Management Scenarios in NSW, Australia. Sustainability 2021, 13, 8972 .

AMA Style

Behnam Hosseini Dastjerdi, Vladimir Strezov, Ravinder Kumar, Masud Behnia. Economic Feasibility and Sustainability Assessment of Residual Municipal Solid Waste Management Scenarios in NSW, Australia. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (16):8972.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Behnam Hosseini Dastjerdi; Vladimir Strezov; Ravinder Kumar; Masud Behnia. 2021. "Economic Feasibility and Sustainability Assessment of Residual Municipal Solid Waste Management Scenarios in NSW, Australia." Sustainability 13, no. 16: 8972.

Journal article
Published: 12 May 2021 in Scientific Reports
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Metal production industries are associated with positive economic benefits, however their activities are significantly resource and energy intensive, contributing to emission of pollutants and greenhouse gases to the environment. The balance between the economic inputs and environmental footprint of the metal production industries determines their contribution to sustainability. This work provides environmental impact assessment of the production of aluminium, copper, gold, iron and steel, lead, nickel and zinc, and considers their contribution to the economy. The emissions of selected representative industries in Australia were sourced from public national emission inventories and used as input parameters in the openLCA software. ReCiPe midpoint and endpoint hierarchist impact assessment methods were used to investigate the environmental impacts of the selected industries. The results indicate that lead, followed by aluminium and nickel production had the largest environmental impacts. The work further revealed the specific emissions for better control for each industry taking into consideration their relative environmental and economic impacts. For instance, adoption of renewable energy sources would significantly decrease the greenhouse gas emissions and the associated environmental impacts of the copper, zinc, gold, and iron and steel production industries. Improvement of sustainability of the production of lead would require further control of trace metal emissions, while for aluminium and nickel production, improved control of emissions of particles and the acidic gases SO2 and NOx.

ACS Style

Vladimir Strezov; Xiaoteng Zhou; Tim J. Evans. Life cycle impact assessment of metal production industries in Australia. Scientific Reports 2021, 11, 1 -9.

AMA Style

Vladimir Strezov, Xiaoteng Zhou, Tim J. Evans. Life cycle impact assessment of metal production industries in Australia. Scientific Reports. 2021; 11 (1):1-9.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Vladimir Strezov; Xiaoteng Zhou; Tim J. Evans. 2021. "Life cycle impact assessment of metal production industries in Australia." Scientific Reports 11, no. 1: 1-9.

Journal article
Published: 10 May 2021 in Energy
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This study integrates National Pollutant Inventory emission data and geographical information system (GIS) to analyse the environmental impacts of 197 Australian thermal power stations. ReCiPe 2016 hierarchist method was used to investigate mid and endpoint impacts and found that 93.3% of the total midpoint impacts of fossil fuel sources were attributed to global warming impacts due to high CO2 emissions, whereas those of renewable energy technologies were driven by global warming and terrestrial ecotoxicity impacts with contribution rates of 46.2% and 47.8%, respectively. Brown coal had the highest mid and endpoint impacts per MWh electricity, whereas sewage gas and landfill gas performed the lowest midpoint and endpoint impacts, respectively. Total endpoint impacts of fossil fuel sources were in the order of brown coal > black coal > diesel > natural gas, while sewage gas > bagasse > landfill gas for renewables. It is estimated that total CO2 emissions from Australian electricity generation can be reduced by 30% when renewable electricity generation increases from 17.1% to 50% of the total electricity mix. Since the majority of coal power stations are located in high population areas, the potential impacts in these areas could be a concern.

ACS Style

Hannah Hyunah Cho; Vladimir Strezov. Comparative analysis of the environmental impacts of Australian thermal power stations using direct emission data and GIS integrated methods. Energy 2021, 231, 120898 .

AMA Style

Hannah Hyunah Cho, Vladimir Strezov. Comparative analysis of the environmental impacts of Australian thermal power stations using direct emission data and GIS integrated methods. Energy. 2021; 231 ():120898.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hannah Hyunah Cho; Vladimir Strezov. 2021. "Comparative analysis of the environmental impacts of Australian thermal power stations using direct emission data and GIS integrated methods." Energy 231, no. : 120898.

Journal article
Published: 09 March 2021 in Fuel
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Vegetation has successfully been used for phytoremediation of heavy metal(loid) contaminated soils. Previous works found that the metal(loid)-enriched biomass can be converted into biofuels through pyrolysis. However, the potential emission of metal(loid)s at higher pyrolysis temperatures, the leaching potential of minerals in chars, and the quality of the products needs further consideration. In this work, the metal(loid)-enriched biomass was engineered by pre-mixing with magnesium carbonate to study the effect on pyrolytic product properties and metal(loid) deportment. Heavy metal contaminated mangrove grown in a land contaminated with a lead–zinc smelter slags was used as the biomass. The biomass and magnesium carbonate mixture as the feedstock was subjected to pyrolysis at temperatures from 300 to 900 °C under the heating rate of 10 °C/min. Results showed that the feedstock mainly decomposed at temperatures between 176 and 575 °C. Amongst the 10 studied metal(loid)s in this work, most elements exhibited more than 70% of elemental recovery in chars at pyrolysis temperatures up to 700 °C. Pyrolysis also enhanced heavy metal stability in chars produced at temperatures above 300 °C. This study indicated that co-pyrolysis of heavy metal contaminated biomass with magnesium carbonate enabled the pyrolysis temperature up to 700 °C with minimal environmental risks, providing a safe and value-added way of phytoremediation residual management.

ACS Style

Jing He; Vladimir Strezov; Xiaoteng Zhou; Ravinder Kumar; Haftom Weldekidan; Tao Kan. Effects of co-pyrolysis of heavy metal contaminated biomass with magnesium carbonate on heavy metal deportment and pyrolytic product properties. Fuel 2021, 294, 120545 .

AMA Style

Jing He, Vladimir Strezov, Xiaoteng Zhou, Ravinder Kumar, Haftom Weldekidan, Tao Kan. Effects of co-pyrolysis of heavy metal contaminated biomass with magnesium carbonate on heavy metal deportment and pyrolytic product properties. Fuel. 2021; 294 ():120545.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jing He; Vladimir Strezov; Xiaoteng Zhou; Ravinder Kumar; Haftom Weldekidan; Tao Kan. 2021. "Effects of co-pyrolysis of heavy metal contaminated biomass with magnesium carbonate on heavy metal deportment and pyrolytic product properties." Fuel 294, no. : 120545.

Journal article
Published: 11 February 2021 in Sustainability
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Blast Furnace Slag (BFS) is a by-product of the iron ore processing industry with potential to be used in different industrial applications. In this research, BFS was used to examine its ability for dye removal from wastewater. The efficiency of two types of BFS samples for removal of cationic methylene blue (MB) and acidic methyl orange (MO) dyes was investigated and results found that the optimal conditions for treatment of wastewater were 80 g/L of adsorbent dose and 1 h of treatment time for both dyes. BFS was found to be more effective for removal of the acidic MO dye than the cationic MB dye. Under shorter residence times, the results showed reverse trends with BFS samples removing higher concentrations of MB than MO. The BFS chemistry had additional impacts on the efficiency of dye removal. Higher basicity of BFS had lower dye removal ability for adsorption of acidic dye when applied at smaller concentrations, while for cationic dye when applied at higher concentrations. The results showed that BFS has potential role for pre-treatment of industrial wastewater contaminated with dyes and may contribute to reduced use of more expensive adsorbents, such as activated carbons.

ACS Style

Sara Yasipourtehrani; Vladimir Strezov; Tao Kan; Tim Evans. Investigation of Dye Removal Capability of Blast Furnace Slag in Wastewater Treatment. Sustainability 2021, 13, 1970 .

AMA Style

Sara Yasipourtehrani, Vladimir Strezov, Tao Kan, Tim Evans. Investigation of Dye Removal Capability of Blast Furnace Slag in Wastewater Treatment. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (4):1970.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sara Yasipourtehrani; Vladimir Strezov; Tao Kan; Tim Evans. 2021. "Investigation of Dye Removal Capability of Blast Furnace Slag in Wastewater Treatment." Sustainability 13, no. 4: 1970.

Research article
Published: 08 February 2021 in Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy
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The use of biomass in different routes of ironmaking has been recently investigated. Although the volatile matter is the major constituent of the biomass, its contribution as reducing agent has not been explored in detail. This work aimed to investigate the reduction of iron ore by biomass volatiles and elucidate the steps involved, searching for optimization of its use in the ironmaking industry. Experiments with biomass and iron ore packed beds placed separately were carried out in the interval between 200 and 1000 °C in an infrared furnace. Iron ore reduction was observed at low temperatures (< 800 °C) and increased up to 1000 °C, where wustite, metallic iron and cementite were detected by XRD. Carbon deposition at low temperatures and carbothermic reduction at high temperatures were identified through carbon analysis and thermal profile measures. At low temperature the reduction occurred mainly by the non-condensable gases (CO, H2) from biomass pyrolysis and tar cracking reactions, while from 800 °C the reduction advanced by carbon deposited on the iron ore. The activation energy for the carbothermic reduction indicated the carbon gasification as the reaction-limiting step. The deposited carbon proved to be more reactive than other carbon sources commonly used in the ironmaking.

ACS Style

Maurício C. Bagatini; Tao Kan; Tim J. Evans; Vladimir Strezov. Iron Ore Reduction by Biomass Volatiles. Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy 2021, 7, 215 -226.

AMA Style

Maurício C. Bagatini, Tao Kan, Tim J. Evans, Vladimir Strezov. Iron Ore Reduction by Biomass Volatiles. Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy. 2021; 7 (1):215-226.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maurício C. Bagatini; Tao Kan; Tim J. Evans; Vladimir Strezov. 2021. "Iron Ore Reduction by Biomass Volatiles." Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy 7, no. 1: 215-226.

Journal article
Published: 05 January 2021 in Environmental Research
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This study represents the first empirical estimation of threshold values between nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentrations and COVID-19-related deaths in France. The concentration of NO2 linked to COVID-19-related deaths in three major French cities were determined using Artificial Neural Networks experiments and a Causal Direction from Dependency (D2C) algorithm. The aim of the study was to evaluate the potential effects of NO2 in spreading the epidemic. The underlying hypothesis is that NO2, as a precursor to secondary particulate matter formation, can foster COVID-19 and make the respiratory system more susceptible to this infection. Three different neural networks for the cities of Paris, Lyon and Marseille were built in this work, followed by the application of an innovative tool of cutting the signal from the inputs to the selected target. The results show that the threshold levels of NO2 connected to COVID-19 range between 15.8 μg/m3 for Lyon, 21.8 μg/m3 for Marseille and 22.9 μg/m3 for Paris, which were significantly lower than the average annual concentration limit of 40 μg/m³ imposed by Directive 2008/50/EC of the European Parliament.

ACS Style

Marco Mele; Cosimo Magazzino; Nicolas Schneider; Vladimir Strezov. NO2 levels as a contributing factor to COVID-19 deaths: The first empirical estimate of threshold values. Environmental Research 2021, 194, 110663 -110663.

AMA Style

Marco Mele, Cosimo Magazzino, Nicolas Schneider, Vladimir Strezov. NO2 levels as a contributing factor to COVID-19 deaths: The first empirical estimate of threshold values. Environmental Research. 2021; 194 ():110663-110663.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marco Mele; Cosimo Magazzino; Nicolas Schneider; Vladimir Strezov. 2021. "NO2 levels as a contributing factor to COVID-19 deaths: The first empirical estimate of threshold values." Environmental Research 194, no. : 110663-110663.

Review
Published: 30 December 2020 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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Selection and implementation of effective and efficient waste management strategies have been widely considered as a matter of concern for sustainable development. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is the most common approach to evaluate the environmental impacts of different waste management strategies. This paper presents a systematic review of scientific LCA studies assessing environmental impacts of waste to energy (WtE) technologies. A systematic literature review protocol was followed to characterise and critically evaluate the published literature on the environmental dimensions of LCA studies for WtE from 1981 to 2019 in terms of software, databases, life cycle impact assessment methods, environmental impacts and source of uncertainty. The major research observations were summarised accordingly, and important insights were obtained in the current review. The results showed that the treatment of specific waste material with various WtE technologies can affect different environmental impact categories in a contradictory way. For instance, anaerobic digestion can minimise environmental consequences dealing with organic wastes in the majority of impact categories but not in ecotoxicity and human toxicity impact categories. There was a general agreement in the results about the preference of incineration over landfilling for MSW treatment. Moreover, the results of sensitivity analysis showed that assumptions in substitution of WtE products are the primary source of uncertainty. Overall, the results of LCA studies confirm the application of WtE technologies in an integrated waste management strategy. In addition, the discussion in the article provides insights on technologies suitable for each waste material.

ACS Style

Behnam Dastjerdi; Vladimir Strezov; Mohammad Ali Rajaeifar; Ravinder Kumar; Masud Behnia. A systematic review on life cycle assessment of different waste to energy valorization technologies. Journal of Cleaner Production 2020, 290, 125747 .

AMA Style

Behnam Dastjerdi, Vladimir Strezov, Mohammad Ali Rajaeifar, Ravinder Kumar, Masud Behnia. A systematic review on life cycle assessment of different waste to energy valorization technologies. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2020; 290 ():125747.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Behnam Dastjerdi; Vladimir Strezov; Mohammad Ali Rajaeifar; Ravinder Kumar; Masud Behnia. 2020. "A systematic review on life cycle assessment of different waste to energy valorization technologies." Journal of Cleaner Production 290, no. : 125747.

Journal article
Published: 28 December 2020 in Science of The Total Environment
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Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a promising tool to evaluate the environmental impacts of different technologies for sustainable waste management. This study employs LCA to assess environmental impacts of alternative scenarios for residual municipal solid waste (MSW) management in New South Wales (NSW) based on current conditions and policies. Six different scenarios including a baseline scenario (landfilling) were applied for NSW waste management for energy production and their impacts on environment. The initial results showed that the scenario 3 that employed anaerobic digestion for food waste, incineration for combustible waste and plastic waste, and landfilling for non-combustible waste produced electricity of 625 kWh/t, which was maximum compared to the other scenarios. LCA results further suggested that among all scenarios, scenario 5 (similar to scenario 3 except combustible waste was treated through gasification and plastic waste was recycled) has the lowest level of environmental burdens in global warming, freshwater and marine ecotoxicity, and human non-carcinogenic toxicity. The sensitivity analysis for energy conversion rates (23–30%) for incineration and plastic recycling rate (66–91.3%) for MSW was further conducted and the results showed that energy conversion rate of 30% makes scenario 3 more valuable for electricity generation and less impactful for ecosystems damage category compared to scenario 5. On the other hand, plastic recycling rate of 91.3% has the lowest environmental burdens and by decreasing recycling rate to 66% the environmental impacts increase; however, it was noticed that reduction in recycling rate does not make any change in the order of scenarios. Overall, the study suggests that each waste type in NSW should be treated with a specific technology to achieve the highest resource recovery and lowest environmental impacts where energy conversion and plastic recycling rates have significant impacts.

ACS Style

Behnam Dastjerdi; Vladimir Strezov; Ravinder Kumar; Jing He; Masud Behnia. Comparative life cycle assessment of system solution scenarios for residual municipal solid waste management in NSW, Australia. Science of The Total Environment 2020, 767, 144355 .

AMA Style

Behnam Dastjerdi, Vladimir Strezov, Ravinder Kumar, Jing He, Masud Behnia. Comparative life cycle assessment of system solution scenarios for residual municipal solid waste management in NSW, Australia. Science of The Total Environment. 2020; 767 ():144355.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Behnam Dastjerdi; Vladimir Strezov; Ravinder Kumar; Jing He; Masud Behnia. 2020. "Comparative life cycle assessment of system solution scenarios for residual municipal solid waste management in NSW, Australia." Science of The Total Environment 767, no. : 144355.

Journal article
Published: 23 December 2020 in Sustainability
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To date, the largest Russian rivers discharging to the Arctic Ocean remain a “blank spot” on the world map of data on the distribution of microplastics in freshwater systems. This study characterizes the abundance and morphology of microplastics in surface water of the Ob River and its large tributary, the Tom River, in western Siberia. The average number of particles for the two rivers ranged from 44.2 to 51.2 items per m3 or from 79.4 to 87.5 μg per m3 in the Tom River and in the Ob River, respectively. Of the recovered microplastics, 93.5% were less than 1 mm in their largest dimension, the largest group (45.5% of total counts) consisted of particles with sizes range 0.30–1.00 mm. Generally, microfragments of irregular shape were the most abundant among the Ob and Tom samples (47.4%) and exceeded microfibers (22.1%), microfilms (20.8%), and microspheres (9.74%) by average counts. Results from this study provide a baseline for understanding the scale of the transport of microplastics by the Ob River system into the Arctic Ocean and add to currently available data on microplastics abundance and diversity in freshwater systems of differing global geographic locations.

ACS Style

Yulia Frank; Egor Vorobiev; Danil Vorobiev; Andrey Trifonov; Dmitry Antsiferov; Tina Soliman Hunter; Scott Wilson; Vladimir Strezov. Preliminary Screening for Microplastic Concentrations in the Surface Water of the Ob and Tom Rivers in Siberia, Russia. Sustainability 2020, 13, 80 .

AMA Style

Yulia Frank, Egor Vorobiev, Danil Vorobiev, Andrey Trifonov, Dmitry Antsiferov, Tina Soliman Hunter, Scott Wilson, Vladimir Strezov. Preliminary Screening for Microplastic Concentrations in the Surface Water of the Ob and Tom Rivers in Siberia, Russia. Sustainability. 2020; 13 (1):80.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yulia Frank; Egor Vorobiev; Danil Vorobiev; Andrey Trifonov; Dmitry Antsiferov; Tina Soliman Hunter; Scott Wilson; Vladimir Strezov. 2020. "Preliminary Screening for Microplastic Concentrations in the Surface Water of the Ob and Tom Rivers in Siberia, Russia." Sustainability 13, no. 1: 80.

Paper
Published: 03 November 2020 in Sustainable Energy & Fuels
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The municipal wastewater treatment sector requires sustainable management of sewage sludge to fundamentally contribute to building zero-waste cities.

ACS Style

Sicong Tian; Jingjing Chen; Feng Yan; Candace Lang; Vladimir Strezov; Zuotai Zhang. Cross-sectoral synergy between municipal wastewater treatment, cement manufacture and petrochemical synthesis via clean transformation of sewage sludge. Sustainable Energy & Fuels 2020, 4, 6274 -6282.

AMA Style

Sicong Tian, Jingjing Chen, Feng Yan, Candace Lang, Vladimir Strezov, Zuotai Zhang. Cross-sectoral synergy between municipal wastewater treatment, cement manufacture and petrochemical synthesis via clean transformation of sewage sludge. Sustainable Energy & Fuels. 2020; 4 (12):6274-6282.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sicong Tian; Jingjing Chen; Feng Yan; Candace Lang; Vladimir Strezov; Zuotai Zhang. 2020. "Cross-sectoral synergy between municipal wastewater treatment, cement manufacture and petrochemical synthesis via clean transformation of sewage sludge." Sustainable Energy & Fuels 4, no. 12: 6274-6282.

Research article
Published: 14 September 2020 in Energy & Fuels
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Vegetation has successfully been used for remediation of heavy metal contaminated soils (phytoremediation). The heavy-metal-rich biomass after phytoremediation can be processed by pyrolysis, achieving bioenergy production and pollutant control. The pre-treatment of the heavy-metal-rich biomass prior to pyrolysis, as an emerging factor, needs to be investigated. For this purpose, heavy-metal-rich biomass obtained from phytoremediation was engineered by impregnating with four phosphates (KH2PO4, K2HPO4, NaH2PO4, Na2HPO4) prior to pyrolysis in the temperature range of 300-700ºC. The untreated (control) and water wash treated biomass were employed as references. Results showed that the impregnated K2HPO4 and Na2HPO4 catalysed the pyrolysis process, reducing the temperature for the highest mass loss rate from 343ºC in the control to ~306ºC. The heavy metals enriched in the control also catalysed the pyrolysis process. The bio-oils produced from the phosphate pre-treatments contained higher proportion of phenolic compounds whilst lower ketones comparing to the control. Notably, upon the phosphate pre-treatment, the heavy metal recoveries in the biochars at 500ºC were significantly increased, with more than 80% of As, and more than 90% of Pb and Zn sequestrated in the solid products. This study showed that the application of phosphates as pre-treatment method catalysed the pyrolysis of the heavy-metal-rich biomass, enhanced the heavy metal recovery in biochars, and thus provided a safe and value-added way to the phytoremediation-pyrolysis scheme.

ACS Style

Jing He; Vladimir Strezov; Xiaoteng Zhou; Tao Kan; Ravinder Kumar. Effect of Phosphate Pretreatments on Properties of Pyrolytic Products from Heavy-Metal-Contaminated Biomass. Energy & Fuels 2020, 34, 15322 -15331.

AMA Style

Jing He, Vladimir Strezov, Xiaoteng Zhou, Tao Kan, Ravinder Kumar. Effect of Phosphate Pretreatments on Properties of Pyrolytic Products from Heavy-Metal-Contaminated Biomass. Energy & Fuels. 2020; 34 (12):15322-15331.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jing He; Vladimir Strezov; Xiaoteng Zhou; Tao Kan; Ravinder Kumar. 2020. "Effect of Phosphate Pretreatments on Properties of Pyrolytic Products from Heavy-Metal-Contaminated Biomass." Energy & Fuels 34, no. 12: 15322-15331.

Review
Published: 12 September 2020 in Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
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Increasing global energy demand and concerns of carbon emissions have driven the utilisation of renewable sources such as biomass. Biomass pyrolysis in the presence of catalyst, i.e., biomass catalytic pyrolysis (CP), is one of the most efficient routes for generating renewable hydrocarbon fuels or commodity chemicals. Most previous review papers on biomass CP focused on the summary of catalyst classification, properties and performance based on product yields and oil quality. Information on biomass CP process especially effects of different reaction atmospheres has not been reviewed or discussed in sufficient detail. This paper aims to provide a review and insights of the essential process factors and system structure of the lignocellulosic biomass CP with emphasis on process performance indexes such as bio-oil’s effective hydrogen to carbon ratio, deoxygenation degree, carbon efficiency and energy efficiency. The paper sections are organised in order of biomass CP catalysts, biomasss CP assessment, modification of essential process factors (e.g., biomass pre-treatment, co-feeding with other materials, atmosphere and temperature) and variations in the system structure (e.g., heat source alternatives, staged catalysis and process integration). Variations in process factors and system structure can possibly tailor the products and improve the economic attraction. A number of questions about biomass CP are still unclear. The current status, challenges and future research directions of biomass CP are also discussed in the paper. The comprehensive review and insights of the biomass CP process in this work will provide reference for the research and industrialisation of biomass CP for renewable fuel production.

ACS Style

Tao Kan; Vladimir Strezov; Tim Evans; Jing He; Ravinder Kumar; Qiang Lu. Catalytic pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass: A review of variations in process factors and system structure. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2020, 134, 110305 .

AMA Style

Tao Kan, Vladimir Strezov, Tim Evans, Jing He, Ravinder Kumar, Qiang Lu. Catalytic pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass: A review of variations in process factors and system structure. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2020; 134 ():110305.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tao Kan; Vladimir Strezov; Tim Evans; Jing He; Ravinder Kumar; Qiang Lu. 2020. "Catalytic pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass: A review of variations in process factors and system structure." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 134, no. : 110305.

Review
Published: 06 August 2020 in Energy & Fuels
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This review provides an overview of the environmental impacts of combustion-based electricity generation technologies from six different energy sources, hard coal, brown coal, natural gas, diesel, landfill gas and wood biomass using the compiled information from life cycle assessment (LCA) studies. Hard coal has the highest global warming and ecotoxicity impacts, while brown coal and diesel both have high impacts in three out of 10 impact categories. Energy recovery from landfill gas exhibits a great potential to reduce the adverse impacts of landfill without the energy recovery although the level of reduction depends on the energy recovery technologies. The reduction potential of wood biomass-based electricity shows the variability affected by the efficiency of electricity generation and transport distance of the biomass. The application of carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies to current power generation systems demonstrates great reduction potential, particularly in global warming impact with the extent of reduction varying with the applied CCS technologies. This study points out the necessity for standardisation of the LCA method for better comparison of impact assessment results for different fuel sources. Integrated method of LCA with geographic information system (GIS) is suggested to understand spatial variability of the impacts of power stations, and to investigate the synergetic impacts that could be induced by the close geographical proximity of power stations.

ACS Style

Hannah Hyunah Cho; Vladimir Strezov. A Comparative Review on the Environmental Impacts of Combustion-Based Electricity Generation Technologies. Energy & Fuels 2020, 34, 1 .

AMA Style

Hannah Hyunah Cho, Vladimir Strezov. A Comparative Review on the Environmental Impacts of Combustion-Based Electricity Generation Technologies. Energy & Fuels. 2020; 34 (9):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hannah Hyunah Cho; Vladimir Strezov. 2020. "A Comparative Review on the Environmental Impacts of Combustion-Based Electricity Generation Technologies." Energy & Fuels 34, no. 9: 1.

Journal article
Published: 29 June 2020 in Chemical Engineering Journal
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Syngas, a mixture of hydrogen (H2) and carbon monoxide (CO), has attracted increasing attention since it is a versatile and flexible platform feedstock for the production of value-added chemicals and fuels via Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. Syngas production from biomass gasification has been widely investigated, while the lack of tunable H2/CO ratio in the syngas limits the direct industrial application of biomass-derived syngas. By incorporation of steam gasification into the first stage of the two-stage sorption-enhanced steam gasification (SESG) of sewage sludge (SS), the H2/CO ratio of produced syngas is tunable from 0.9 to 4.7 by controlling the CaO and steam contents. The SS sample with a CaO/SS mass ratio of 3:7 produces an H2-rich gas stream (72.2 vol% purity) at the first stage (550 °C) and CO-rich gas stream (60.5 vol% purity) at the subsequent second stage (750 °C), providing a new promising approach to directly integrate the two-stage SESG of biomass with the syngas application where H2 and CO could be mixed in desirable ratios for the downstream synthesis of value-added chemicals and fuels. The high distribution of carbon and hydrogen in the tar indicates that the two-stage SESG has a great potential to promote the decomposition of tar for enhanced syngas production.

ACS Style

Xiaoxia Yang; Tao Kan; Amanj Kheradmand; Haimei Xu; Vladimir Strezov; Aibing Yu; Yijiao Jiang. Tunable syngas production from two-stage sorption-enhanced steam gasification of sewage sludge. Chemical Engineering Journal 2020, 404, 126069 .

AMA Style

Xiaoxia Yang, Tao Kan, Amanj Kheradmand, Haimei Xu, Vladimir Strezov, Aibing Yu, Yijiao Jiang. Tunable syngas production from two-stage sorption-enhanced steam gasification of sewage sludge. Chemical Engineering Journal. 2020; 404 ():126069.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xiaoxia Yang; Tao Kan; Amanj Kheradmand; Haimei Xu; Vladimir Strezov; Aibing Yu; Yijiao Jiang. 2020. "Tunable syngas production from two-stage sorption-enhanced steam gasification of sewage sludge." Chemical Engineering Journal 404, no. : 126069.

Journal article
Published: 21 June 2020 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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Reduction of iron ore directly by H2 has been developed as an alternative technology for iron production, which can alleviate pollutant emissions by eliminating the needs of cokemaking and sintering processes. However, the behaviour of trace elements (especially the volatilisation of heavy metal(loid)s) in iron ore during reduction by H2 is still unclear and the relevant research is scarce in literature. This study aimed to provide an insight into the volitilisation behaviour of trace elements and the environmental assessment during reduction of Australian iron ore with H2 from room temperature to 1000 °C. The trace element concentrations in the iron ore at different reduction tempatures were analysed along with changes in chemical structure and surface morphology using X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Results showed that the extent of As, S, Li, Sn and Pb volatilisation varied with temperature with nil, 22%, 82%, 82% and 72% respectively remaining in the sample at 1000 °C. Simutaneously, stepwise reduction of iron ore (goethite → wustite) with temperature was confirmed. Pearson’s method of correlation was employed to determine the correlations between pairs of key indexes (LOI 1000, mass loss%, O loss% and loss ratios of elements) of goethite reduction. Results indicated that S loss exhibited a high correlation (r = 0.977) with Pb loss, implying the simultaneous volatilisation of Pb and S as well as possible presence of Pb and S-containing compounds, such as PbS in the sample. Li and Sn showed the coincidental simultaneous volatilisation as indicated by the highest correlation (r = 1.000 with p ≤ 0.01). The kinetic analysis indicated that the volatilisation of above elements best fitted diffusion models (D1 or D3) with activation energy (E) ranging within 11.65–26.75 kJ/mol. Risk assessment analysis demonstrated a much higher risk score of iron ore reduciton at 1000 °C (value of 94.758) than 200 and 500 °C (value of 1–3) due to obvious volatilisation of As and Pb at high temperature. Life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) data confirmed four valid impact categories with human toxicity being the most significnat with the major contribution ascribed to As element. Generally, the hazardous elements released from the ore reduction process can be eliminated before their discharge to the environment.

ACS Style

Tao Kan; Vladimir Strezov; Tim Evans; Xiaoteng Zhou; Frederick Theiss; Ray Frost. Volatilisation of trace elements during reduction of iron ore by hydrogen: Statistical analysis, kinetic study and environmental assessment. Journal of Cleaner Production 2020, 271, 122524 .

AMA Style

Tao Kan, Vladimir Strezov, Tim Evans, Xiaoteng Zhou, Frederick Theiss, Ray Frost. Volatilisation of trace elements during reduction of iron ore by hydrogen: Statistical analysis, kinetic study and environmental assessment. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2020; 271 ():122524.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tao Kan; Vladimir Strezov; Tim Evans; Xiaoteng Zhou; Frederick Theiss; Ray Frost. 2020. "Volatilisation of trace elements during reduction of iron ore by hydrogen: Statistical analysis, kinetic study and environmental assessment." Journal of Cleaner Production 271, no. : 122524.

Journal article
Published: 15 June 2020 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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The aim of this study is to evaluate the suitability of pollutant emission data published in the national pollutant inventories for impact assessment of thermal power generation using Australian technologies as case studies. ReCiPe midpoint and endpoint hierarchist methods were used to investigate the environmental impacts of power stations fuelled with hard coal, brown coal, diesel, coal seam methane, natural gas, landfill gas, sewage gas and bagasse. Brown coal was found to be the most impactful fuel source, followed by hard coal and diesel fuel, all averaging above the Australian national power generation environmental impacts. The renewable energy fuels, bagasse, landfill gas and sewage gas, exhibited the lowest environmental impacts. Global warming and fine particulate matter formation were the two most impactful contributors ranging between 97 and 99.8% of the human health endpoint impacts, while global warming and terrestrial acidification were the most impactful categories to ecosystems contributing between 98.3 and 100% of the ecosystem endpoint impacts. Global warming impacts on human health and ecosystems were the major impactful categories for all fossil fuels, while fine particulate matter formation and terrestrial acidification contributed with the largest respective impacts on human health and ecosystems by the considered renewable energy technologies. The major identified pollutants of concern for the thermal power generation technologies are emissions of greenhouse gases, acidic gases, such as SO2 and NOx, and PM2.5. As an interim solution, reduction of the impacts from the fossil fuel technologies can be achieved by targeting the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, better control of acidic gases SO2 and NOx, and blending of the renewable energy sources, bagasse, landfill gas and sewage gas, with coal and natural gas, however long term solutions would require further reduction in fossil fuel reliance for Australia.

ACS Style

Vladimir Strezov; Hannah Hyunah Cho. Environmental impact assessment from direct emissions of australian thermal power generation technologies. Journal of Cleaner Production 2020, 270, 122515 .

AMA Style

Vladimir Strezov, Hannah Hyunah Cho. Environmental impact assessment from direct emissions of australian thermal power generation technologies. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2020; 270 ():122515.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Vladimir Strezov; Hannah Hyunah Cho. 2020. "Environmental impact assessment from direct emissions of australian thermal power generation technologies." Journal of Cleaner Production 270, no. : 122515.

Journal article
Published: 08 June 2020 in Bioresource Technology
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The metal(loid)-enriched Avicennia marina biomass obtained from phytoremediation was impregnated with two ferric salts (FeCl3 and Fe(NO3)3) prior to pyrolysis at 300–700 °C, aiming to study the influence on pyrolytic product properties and heavy metal(loid) deportment. Results showed that the impregnated ferric salts increased the fixed carbon content of biochars, hydrocarbon fractions in bio-oils, and the evolution of CO and H2 in gases. Cd in biomass could be effectively removed from the biomass by FeCl3 impregnation. During pyrolysis, the ferric salts enhanced the elemental recovery of As, Cr, Ni and Pb in the biochars and decreased their distribution in gases. Notably, the ferric salt pre-treatment inhibited the mobility and bio-availability of most elements in the biochars. This study indicated that ferric salt impregnation catalysed the pyrolysis process of metal(loid) contaminated biomass, enabled the operation temperature at 500–700 °C with minimal environmental risks, providing a safe and value-added way to the phytoremediation-pyrolysis scheme.

ACS Style

Jing He; Vladimir Strezov; Xiaoteng Zhou; Ravinder Kumar; Tao Kan. Pyrolysis of heavy metal contaminated biomass pre-treated with ferric salts: Product characterisation and heavy metal deportment. Bioresource Technology 2020, 313, 123641 .

AMA Style

Jing He, Vladimir Strezov, Xiaoteng Zhou, Ravinder Kumar, Tao Kan. Pyrolysis of heavy metal contaminated biomass pre-treated with ferric salts: Product characterisation and heavy metal deportment. Bioresource Technology. 2020; 313 ():123641.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jing He; Vladimir Strezov; Xiaoteng Zhou; Ravinder Kumar; Tao Kan. 2020. "Pyrolysis of heavy metal contaminated biomass pre-treated with ferric salts: Product characterisation and heavy metal deportment." Bioresource Technology 313, no. : 123641.

Journal article
Published: 11 April 2020 in Fuel
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In this work, an auger pilot-scale fast pyrolysis process computational fluid dynamic (CFD) model was developed for use as a design tool for scale-up. Multiphase flow dynamics and chemical kinetics were included in the multi-fluid model (MFM). Rotating reference frame (RRF) was adopted to simulate the effect of rotation of the auger in the reactor. The model predictions were validated with experimental data at three temperatures (450, 475, and 500 °C) and four biomass feed rates (1, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5 kg/h). Good agreement was observed between the simulations and the experiment. A parametric study of the process was carried out to study the impact of operating factors including biomass feed rate (1–4 kg/h), operating temperature (400–600 °C), and vacuum pressure (0–500 mbar). Other parameters studied included using nitrogen as a carrier gas (1–10 kg/h) and varying the angular velocity of the screw (45–95 rpm). The results illustrate that the predicted optimum temperature for maximising bio-oil production is 500 °C. Bio-oil yield increased as the biomass feed flow rate increased due to shorter vapour residence time, minimising further reaction of the non-condensable fraction in the vapour phase. Introducing nitrogen shows the same effect, increased yield due to decreased vapour residence time. Increasing the angular velocity of the screw enhances the flow of vapours in the reactor; however, the rotational speed must be balanced against the increase in unreacted biomass. The simulation gave an optimum of 70 rpm for the angular velocity of the screw.

ACS Style

Salman Jalalifar; Rouzbeh Abbassi; Vikram Garaniya; Fatemeh Salehi; Sadegh Papari; Kelly Hawboldt; Vladimir Strezov. CFD analysis of fast pyrolysis process in a pilot-scale auger reactor. Fuel 2020, 273, 117782 .

AMA Style

Salman Jalalifar, Rouzbeh Abbassi, Vikram Garaniya, Fatemeh Salehi, Sadegh Papari, Kelly Hawboldt, Vladimir Strezov. CFD analysis of fast pyrolysis process in a pilot-scale auger reactor. Fuel. 2020; 273 ():117782.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Salman Jalalifar; Rouzbeh Abbassi; Vikram Garaniya; Fatemeh Salehi; Sadegh Papari; Kelly Hawboldt; Vladimir Strezov. 2020. "CFD analysis of fast pyrolysis process in a pilot-scale auger reactor." Fuel 273, no. : 117782.

Research article
Published: 02 April 2020 in PLoS ONE
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China has the largest share of global iron and steel production, which is considered to play a significant contribution to air pollution. This study aims to investigate trace element contamination at different fractions of particulate matter (PM) at industrial areas in China. Three PM fractions, PM2.1–9.0, PM1.1–2.1 and PM1.1, were collected from areas surrounding iron and steelmaking plants at Kunming, Wuhan, Nanjing and Ningbo in China. Multiple trace elements and their bioavailability, as well as Pb isotopic compositions, were analysed for identification of contaminants, health risk assessment and source apportionment. Results showed that PM particles in the sites near industrial areas were associated with a range of toxic trace elements, specifically As, Cr(VI), Cd and Mn, and posed significant health risks to humans. The isotopic Pb compositions identified that coal and high temperature metallurgical processes in the steelmaking process were the dominant contributors to local air pollution in these sites. In addition to iron and steelmaking activities, traffic emissions and remote pollution also played a contributing role in PM contamination, confirmed by the differences of Pb isotopic compositions at each PM fraction and statistical results from Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluations (PROMETHEE) and Geometrical Analysis for Interactive Aid (GAIA). The results presented in this study provide a comprehensive understanding of PM emissions at iron and steelmaking areas, which helps to guide subsequent updates of air pollution control guidelines to efficiently minimise environmental footprint and ensure long term sustainability of the industries.

ACS Style

Xiaoteng Zhou; Vladimir Strezov; Yijiao Jiang; Xiaoxia Yang; Tao Kan; Tim Evans. Contamination identification, source apportionment and health risk assessment of trace elements at different fractions of atmospheric particles at iron and steelmaking areas in China. PLoS ONE 2020, 15, e0230983 .

AMA Style

Xiaoteng Zhou, Vladimir Strezov, Yijiao Jiang, Xiaoxia Yang, Tao Kan, Tim Evans. Contamination identification, source apportionment and health risk assessment of trace elements at different fractions of atmospheric particles at iron and steelmaking areas in China. PLoS ONE. 2020; 15 (4):e0230983.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xiaoteng Zhou; Vladimir Strezov; Yijiao Jiang; Xiaoxia Yang; Tao Kan; Tim Evans. 2020. "Contamination identification, source apportionment and health risk assessment of trace elements at different fractions of atmospheric particles at iron and steelmaking areas in China." PLoS ONE 15, no. 4: e0230983.