At present, the calculation method of ice load on surface navigation ships has been very mature, but the calculation method of submarine ice load is very few. The reasonable evaluation of submarine ice load has become an urgent problem to be solved. In this paper, the mechanical characteristics of the submarine surfacing ice-breaking process are systematically analyzed. Based on the theory of plate and shell, the theoretical calculation models of ice-breaking resistance of the submarine command tower and hull are established, respectively, and the ice load calculation method of the command tower and the hull is obtained. Then, the submarine model SUBOFF is used to perform the numerical simulation of the submarine’s ice-breaking and surfacing process. The numerical result is compared with the ice-breaking resistance calculation model. The results show that the ice-breaking resistance calculation model proposed in this paper is consistent with the numerical simulation results, and the influence of parameters such as ice mechanical properties, the upper area of the command tower, and initial crack length on ice-breaking resistance is established. The calculation model in this paper can provide a theoretical reference for the optimization design of polar submarine structures.

Строительство и эксплуатация гидротехнических сооружений в условиях вечной мерзлоты является сложной инженерной задачей, с которой в нашей стране столкнулись в период освоения северных территорий в начале XX в. Одной их основных проблем при строительстве и эксплуатации инженерных сооружений в районах распространения многолетнемерзлых грунтов является их сезонное и техногенное оттаивание. По данным многолетних наблюдений за климатом многократно были отмечены тенденции изменения климата с повышением среднегодовых температур, особенно ярко это выражено в северных регионах. Эксплуатация плотин в условиях вечной мерзлоты осложняется значительным воздействием водохранилища на плотину и её температурное состояние. В таких условиях для анализа текущего состояния и прогнозирования поведения сооружения в будущем могут быть использованы современные методы компьютерного моделирования, учитывающие процессы тепломассопереноса, фазового перехода, фильтрации, а также работу охлаждающих установок и наличие снегового покрова. В данной статье на основе численного моделирования на ЭВМ представлены исследования температурного режима и напряженно-деформированного состояния грунтовой плотины мерзлого типа Анадырского гидроузла, которая непрерывно эксплуатируется с 1986 г. Исходные данные для моделирования сооружения приняты по натурным наблюдениям, проведенным в 2018–2019 гг.

The estimation of ship resistance in ice is a fundamental area of research and poses a substantial challenge for the design and safe use of ships in ice-covered waters. In order to estimate the ice resistance with greater reliability, we develop in this paper an improved Lindqvist formulation for the estimation of bending resistance in level ice based on the superposition of double-plates. In the developed method, an approximate model of an ice sheet is firstly presented by idealizing ice sheeta as the combination of a semi-infinite elastic plate and an infinite one resting on an elastic foundation. The Mohr–Coulomb criterion is then introduced to determine the ice sheet’s failure. Finally, an improved Lindqvist formulation for estimation of ice resistance is proposed. The accuracy of the developed formulation is validated using full-scale test data of the ship KV Svalbard in Norway, testing the model as well as the numerical method. The effect of ice thickness, stem angle and breadth of bow on ship resistance is further investigated by means of the developed formulation.

In the study, the results of a statistical modeling of ice loads from drifting ice features on the ice-resistant platforms in Piltun-Astohsky and Lunsky oil&gas fields of “Sakhalin-I” and “Sakhalin-II” Projects are investigated. The authors made a comparative analysis of ice loads on various types of gravity-based concrete structures in ice conditions of the Sea of Okhotsk according to the standards, procedures and guidelines from different Codes of design. And also the probabilistic model of ice loads, developed by the authors in the previous studies, was considered for comparative analysis.

In recent years numerical modelling is widely used for solving ice-structure interaction problems. The most popular numerical method is finite element method. One of the promising approaches for modelling ice destruction is cohesive element method, where ice field is discretized using both bulk and special cohesive elements, which are possible crack paths. The investigation of modelling features and limitations of this method have been performed by several authors but with not appropriate quality. This paper belongs to series of numerical experiments performed to study the cohesive element techniques for ice modelling and includes some considerations and study of influence of finite element shape.