Background: Digital technologies facilitate everyday life, social connectedness, aging at home, well-being, and dignified care. However, older adults are disproportionately excluded from these benefits. Equal digital opportunities, access, and meaningful engagement require an understanding of older adults’ experience across different stages of the technological engagement life cycle from nonuse and initial adoption to sustained use, factors influencing their decisions, and how the experience changes over time. Objective: Our objectives were to identify the extent and breadth of existing literature on older adults’ perspective on digital engagement and summarize the barriers to and facilitators for technological nonuse, initial adoption, and sustained digital technology engagement. Methods: We used the Arksey and O’Malley framework for the scoping review process. We searched MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Web of Science, and ACM digital library for primary studies published between 2005 and 2021. The inclusion and exclusion criteria were developed based on the Joanna Briggs Institute (participants, content, and context) framework. Studies that investigated the digital engagement experience as well as barriers to and facilitators of older adults’ digital technology engagement were included. The characteristics of the study, types of digital technology, and digital engagement levels were analyzed descriptively. Content analysis was used to generate tentative elements using a congruent theme, and barriers and facilitators were mapped over the capability, opportunity, and motivation behavior change model (COM-B) and the theoretical domain framework. The findings were reported in accordance with the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews). Results: In total, 96 publications were eligible for the final charting and synthesis. Most of the studies were published over the past 5 years, investigated the initial adoption stage of digital engagement, and focused on everyday technologies. The most cited barriers and facilitators across the engagement stages from each COM-B component were capability (eg, physical and psychological changes and lack of skill), opportunity (eg, technological features, environmental context, and resources), and motivation (eg, optimism from perceived usefulness and beliefs about capability). Conclusions: The COM-B model and theoretical domain framework provide a guide for identifying multiple and intertwined barriers and facilitators at each stage of digital engagement. There are limited studies looking into the whole spectrum of older adults’ digital technology experience; in particular, studies on technological nonuse and sustained use stages are rare. Future research and practice should focus on tailored interventions accounting for the barriers to older adults’ digital engagement and addressing capabilities, motivation, and opportunities; affordable, usable, and useful digital technologies, which address the changes and capability requirements of older adults and are cocreated with a value framework; and lifelong learning and empowerment to develop older adults’ knowledge and skills to cope with digital technology development. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID): RR2-10.2196/25616

The aim of this study was to assess the socioeconomic and demographic factors on adverse pregnancy outcomes. The mean age of cases was 42.2 (± 13.26) years and the mean age of controls was 34.5 (± 12.23) years. Advanced maternal age, low educational status, and early sexual debut showed a significant association with an adverse pregnancy outcome. Mothers in the age group 35–44 years, AOR 2.54 (95% CI 1.27, 5.06), 35–44 years, AOR 2.79 (95% CI 1.27, 6.16) and Mothers with age 55 years and above AOR 4.18 (95% CI 1.73, 9.13) were more likely to have an adverse pregnancy outcome compared to mothers in the age group ≤ 24 years. The low educational status was also found to have an implication on adverse pregnancy outcome. Those mothers with no formal education were two times more likely to develop adverse pregnancy outcome AOR 2.15 (95% CI 1.41, 2.81) and those in primary education AOR 1.6 (95% CI 1.06, 4.6) times more likely compared to those in higher education.

INTRODUCTION: The rate of sexually transmitted infection?s, including HIV has increased in recent years in Ethiopia. Many adolescents and young people still do not protect themselves against unintended pregnancies and STIs. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the predictors of risky sexual behavior among pre-college students in Adama Town, Ethiopia. METHODS: school based cross-sectional study was employed. In this study 364 students were recruited from all pre-college schools in Adama town, Ethiopia. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to examine the relationship between the outcome variables and independent variables. RESULTS: the mean age at sexual debut was 16.1 years (? 2.72SD). Social media usage for sexual activity and having multiple sexual partners were observed among students. About 7% of students used social media for watching pornography. The odds of risky sexual behaviour were higher among social media users compared to the nonusers AOR = 1.23(95% CI: 1.13,3.12). Risky sexual behaviour was almost 4 times more likely among night club goers AOR = 4.294 (95% CI: 2.033, 9.073). Peer pressure and substance abuse were also a significant predictor for risky sexual behavior AOR = 6.97 (95% CI: 4.24, 9.69). CCONCLUSION: social media use, peer pressure, substance abuse, and night club going were found to be significantly associated with risky sexual behaviour among precollege students. Thus, schools need to establish and strengthen reproductive health clubs to be able to equip students with required skills and knowledge about sexuality. Parents should be aware of the dynamic behavioral change of their children and, listen and attend to their needs.

Background: Failure to attend maternal health services is an intractable challenge for the health-care system in low- and middle-income countries. The use of technology for reminding patients about their appointments has been demonstrated to be an effective (future) tool toward increased health care services utilization in developing countries, such as Ethiopia. Objective: We aimed to investigate the effect of enhanced reminders on postnatal care attendance versus usual care (notification of an appointment at discharge). Methods: The study was a cluster randomized controlled trial: out of eligible 86 health centers, 16 health centers in Addis Ababa (AA) were randomized to either the intervention (8) or the control (8) groups; with a total of 350 mothers equally randomized into each arm. Mothers in the intervention group received the SMS (short message service) or a voice call reminder at 48 and 24 hours before the due postnatal appointment, whereas the control group received only the usual notification of appointments provided by health professionals at discharge from the ward following delivery. We recruited participants on wards after delivery at discharge and followed them up to 6 weeks. This study's primary outcome was postnatal visit compliance. Our assessment consisted of a two-level bivariate and a multivariate ordinal logistic regression analysis. Results: The majority (97.7%) of the participants completed the study; 173(98.9%) of women in the intervention group and 169 (96.5%) of women in the control group. There was a statistically significant difference in postnatal care (PNC) compliance among women who were in the intervention versus the control group (p-value = 0.005). Higher odds of postnatal compliance was observed among the intervention group (AOR:2.98, 95% CI 1.51-5.8). Conclusions: Mobile phone reminders were effective in terms of enhancing adherence to PNC appointments. This indicates integration of mobile phone reminders in postnatal care could improve postnatal appointment compliance.

Background: There is an ongoing negative narrative about aging that portrays older people as a socioeconomic burden on society. However, increased longevity and good health will allow older adults to contribute meaningfully to society and maximize their well-being. As such, a paradigm shift toward healthy and successful aging can be potentially facilitated by the growing digital technology use for mainstream (day-to-day activities) and assisted living (health and social care). Despite the rising digital engagement trend, digital inequality between the age groups persists. Objective: The aims of this scoping review are to identify the extent and breadth of existing literature of older people’s perspectives on digital engagement and summarize the barriers and facilitators for technological nonuse, initial adoption, and sustained digital technology engagement. Methods: This review will be based on the Arksey and O’Malley framework for scoping reviews. The 6-stage framework includes: identifying research questions, identifying relevant studies, study selection, charting the data, summarizing and reporting the results, and a consultation exercise. Published literature will be searched on primary electronic databases such as the Association of Computing Machinery, Web of Science, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and ScienceDirect. Common grey literature sources will complement the database search on the topic. A two-stage (title/abstract and full article) screening will be conducted to obtain eligible studies for final inclusion. A standardized data extraction tool will be used to extract variables such as the profile of the study population, technologies under investigation, stage of digital engagement, and the barriers and facilitators. Identified and eligible studies will be analyzed using a quantitative (ie, frequency analysis) and qualitative (ie, content analysis) approach suitable for comparing and evaluating literature to provide an evaluation of the current state of the older person’s digital engagement. Inclusion will be based on the Joanna Briggs Institute–recommended participant, concept, and context framework. Articles on older people (65 years and older), on digital technology engagement, and from a global context will be included in our review. Results: The results of this review are expected in July 2021. Conclusions: The findings from this review will identify the extent and nature of empirical evidence on how older people digitally engage and the associated barriers and facilitators. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID): PRR1-10.2196/25616

Malaria and helminthic co-infection during pregnancy causes fetomaternal haemorrhage and foetal growth retardation. This study determined the pooled burden of pregnancy malaria and helminthic co-infection in sub-Saharan Africa. CINAHL, EMBASE, Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science databases were used to retrieve data from the literature, without restricting language and publication year. The Joanna Briggs Institute’s critical appraisal tool for prevalence studies was used for quality assessment. STATA Version 14.0 was used to conduct the meta-analysis. The I² statistics and Egger’s test were used to test heterogeneity and publication bias. The random-effects model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence at a 95% confidence interval (CI). The review protocol has been registered in PROSPERO, with the number CRD42019144812. In total, 24 studies (n = 14,087 participants) were identified in this study. The pooled analysis revealed that 20% of pregnant women were co-infected by malaria and helminths in sub-Saharan Africa. The pooled prevalence of malaria and helminths were 33% and 35%, respectively. The most prevalent helminths were Hookworm (48%), Ascaris lumbricoides (37%), and Trichuris trichiura (15%). Significantly higher malaria and helminthic co-infection during pregnancy were observed. Health systems in sub-Saharan Africa must implement home-grown innovative solutions to underpin context-specific policies for the early initiation of effective intermittent preventive therapy.