Background: The prevalence of depressive symptoms has become very high among college freshmen, with interpersonal sensitivity serving as an important predictor of depression. Combining internal and external positive resources can effectively prevent and alleviate depression. This study explores the moderating role of psychological capital (PsyCap) in the relationship between interpersonal sensitivity and depression, as well as the moderating effect of familial support on the conditional influence of PsyCap among Chinese college freshmen.Methods: A cross-sectional mental health survey was performed and the anonymous self-reported questionnaires, including the Patient Health Questionnaire, interpersonal sensitivity subscale of Symptom Checklist-90, Psychological Capital Questionnaire 24, and Perceived Social Support from Family, were distributed to the freshmen. Pearson’s coefficient was employed to describe correlations between variables. The PROCESS macro and slope difference tests were used to explore the moderating role of PsyCap and family support in the relationship between interpersonal sensitivity and depression.Results: The prevalence of depression among freshmen was 30.89% (694/2,247). The correlation analysis revealed that depression negatively related to PsyCap (r = −0.187, p < 0.001) and family support (r = −0.193, p < 0.001) and positively related to interpersonal sensitivity (r = 0.399, p < 0.001). The moderation analysis showed that PsyCap negatively moderated the positive relationship between interpersonal sensitivity and depression (β = −0.159, p < 0.001). We also found that family support played a moderating role in the conditional influence of PsyCap (β = 0.076, p < 0.01). The slope difference test further showed that family support weakened the effect of interpersonal sensitivity on depression in freshmen when they had low PsyCap.Conclusion: More attention should be paid to freshmen’s mental health and interpersonal interaction problems. For freshmen with interpersonal sensitivity and depression, mental health departments can conduct PsyCap development interventions to alleviate psychological symptoms. Freshmen themselves should also seek family support in time, but those individuals with high PsyCap should seek an appropriate level of family support to maintain their autonomy.

To investigate the prevalence of interpersonal sensitivity, anxiety, depression symptoms and associated risk factors among a large-scale sample of college students in China during the COVID-19 campus lockdown. The survey was conducted among undergraduate students at a university in eastern part of China in April 2022. The Chi-square test was used to compare the different variable groups and multivariable analysis was performed for the risk factors associated with interpersonal sensitivity, anxiety, and depression symptoms. A total of 12,922 college students were included, with an average age of (20.96 ± 1.66) years. The prevalence of interpersonal sensitivity, anxiety and depression symptoms in this study was 58.1, 22.7, and 46.8%, respectively. Male (OR = 1.16, p < 0.001), 22–23 years (OR = 1.40, p < 0.001), freshman (OR = 1.35, p = 0.002), and non-only child (OR = 1.15, p < 0.001) were positively associated with interpersonal sensitivity. Male (OR = 1.20, p < 0.001), sophomores (OR = 1.27, p = 0.020) and seniors (OR = 1.20, p = 0.027) were positively associated with anxiety symptoms. Compared with female students, male students (OR = 0.89, p < 0.001) were less likely to have depression symptoms. 22–23 years (OR = 1.37, p < 0.001), sophomores (OR = 1.26, p = 0.009) and non-only child (OR = 1.11, p = 0.009) were positively associated with depression symptoms. In addition, college students aged 18–21 years, learning status, skipping breakfast, roommate relationship and sleep quality were associated with interpersonal sensitivity, anxiety and depression symptoms (all p < 0.05). The findings of this study suggest a high prevalence of interpersonal sensitivity, anxiety and depression symptoms among Chinese college students during the COVID-19 campus lockdown. Younger ages, low grades, poor dormitory relationship, negative learning status, skipping breakfast and poor sleep quality were the risk factors for college students’ mental health, which should be concerned by the relevant departments of school during the campus lockdown.

Background: Mental disorders pose a significant global health burden, especially after the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Aims: This study aimed to characterise trends in the burden of mental disorders among adolescents and young adults by sex, age, sociodemographic index (SDI) quintile, region and country from 1990 to 2021. Methods: Estimates and 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) for disability‐adjusted life years (DALYs) were extracted from the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2021. The number and rate of DALYs, as well as the percentage change from 1990 to 2021, were estimated by sex, age, SDI quintile, region and country. Results: The number of DALYs for mental disorders increased from 26.1 (95% UI 19.3 to 34.4) million to 36.3 (26.6 to 48.1) million. The DALY rate increased from 1687.8 (1245.3 to 2225.4) per 100 000 population in 1990 to 1923.7 (1408.7 to 2548.4) per 100 000 population in 2021, representing a 14% (12% to 16%) increase. Females (16% (13% to 18%)) and individuals aged 15–19 years (16% (13% to 18%)) showed the greatest increase in DALY rates. Between 1990 and 2021, DALY rates rose significantly across all SDI quintiles and regions, except East Asia (−5% (−9% to −1%)). The most rapid increases were observed in parts of Latin America, particularly for anxiety and depressive disorders. Conclusions: The global burden of mental disorders among adolescents increased significantly from 1990 to 2021, necessitating attention to policies targeting high‐risk populations and specific regions.

Purpose: Inverse association between premorbid body mass index (BMI) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) was implied in observational studies; however, whether this association is causal remains largely unknown. Materials and Methods: We first conducted a meta-analysis to investigate whether there exits an association between premorbid BMI and ALS. We then employed a two-sample Mendelian randomization approach to evaluate the causal relationship of genetically increased BMI with the risk of ALS. The Mendelian randomization analysis was implemented using summary statistics for independent instruments obtained from large-scale genome-wide association studies of BMI (up to ~770,000 individuals) and ALS (up to ~81,000 individuals). The causal effect of BMI on ALS was estimated using inverse-variance weighted methods and was further validated through extensive complementary and sensitivity analyses. Results: The meta-analysis showed that a unit increase of premorbid BMI can result in about 3.0% (95% CI 2.1–4.5%) risk reduction of ALS. Using 1,031 instruments that were strongly related to BMI, the causal effect of per one standard deviation increase of BMI was estimated to be 1.04 (95% CI 0.97–1.11, p = 0.275) in the European population. This null association between BMI and ALS also held in the East Asian population and was robust against various modeling assumptions and outlier biases. Additionally, the Egger-regression and MR-PRESSO ruled out the possibility of horizontal pleiotropic effects of instruments. Conclusion: Our results do not support the causal role of genetically increased or decreased BMI on the risk of ALS.

Purpose: Depression is common in medical practitioners across all stages of their careers, but few studies have explored positive factors for combatting depression in emergency physicians. This study aims to explore the association between psychological capital and depression among Chinese emergency physicians, along with the mediating role of social support in this relationship. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted at 33 grade III and class A general hospitals in 13 cities of Jiangsu Province, China. Emergency physicians participating in the study completed 568 questionnaires on psychological capital, social support, and depression. Regression analysis was applied to explore the relationship between psychological capital, social support, and depression, and to assess the mediating role of social support. Results: The rate of potentially depressed physicians was determined as 18.5% among our study sample. Depression was negatively correlated with psychological capital (r = − 0.384, p < 0.01) and its four components of hope, self-efficacy, resiliency, and optimism, and negatively correlated with social support (r = − 0.299, p < 0.01). Depression was negatively affected by psychological capital (c = − 0.398, p < 0.001), or by both psychological capital (c′ = − 0.334, p < 0.001) and social support (b = − 0.171, p < 0.001), and social support was positively affected by psychological capital (a = 0.372, p < 0.001), leading to a mediation effect of − 0.064 and accounting for approximately 16.0% of the total effect of psychological capital on depression. Furthermore, social support exhibited a potent mediating role for emergency physicians with potential depressive disorder compared to those without depression. Conclusion: Psychological capital not only can directly affect depression, but can also alleviate it by increasing social support. Hospitals should pay attention to the mental health status of emergency physicians, and psychological capital training and emotional support can be implemented to improve mental health.