Background Attachment is one of the more important developmental aspects for predicting a person’s level of adaptation and mental health. Previous research in this area suggests a relationship between insecure attachment and behavioural disorders, deviations as well as depression and other affective disorders. The goal of this study was to determine the relationships between adolescents’ attachment patterns and aggression as well as internalisation and externalisation of problems – expressed as a tendency to assume the role of the victim or the perpetrator. We hypothesised that insecure patterns of attachment foster both aggression (as a personality feature) and a tendency towards mental health issues, through increasing the frequency of entering the role of a victim or a perpetrator. participants and procedure One hundred and twenty individuals aged 14-19 took part in the study, mainly high school and university students. The study was conducted in groups, with the consent of participants and their parents. The following methods were used to assess the variables: The Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (IPPA), the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ) and the Mini Direct and Indirect Aggression Inventory (Mini-DIA). Results Our results suggest that a relationship exists between aggressiveness and trust in the relationship with one’s mother, as well as between hostility and alienation with regards to one’s mother and father. Insecure attachment is a significant risk factor for mental health disorders, and it fosters both externalisation and internalisation behaviours. Conclusions We interpret the results as suggesting that attachment organisation plays an important role in a wide array of aspects of adolescent psychosocial development.

The paper presents the results of a study aimed at the identification of selected subjective and situational determinants of the well-being of children and their adaptation to the environment of an elementary school. The study was conducted on a group of pupils from grades II to V (N = 173) and was based on an analysis of the questionnaires: SPAS (Boersma Chapman 1979), SUSPO (Mikšik 2004) and own tool QSL. The results indicated the determinants of changes in well-being in time related to the sense of exclusion and level of sadness. An analysis of the data pointed to the spheres of the educational environment changes in which could increase the level of child satisfaction from schooling and learning.

Employees and managers of educational institutions have been dealing with numerous challenges related to changes in nowadays world for years. The idea of striving for “excellence in teaching” based on Fullan’s paradigm of school culture transformation has become a reason for deeper reflection in this area. Using the comparative analysis method, a picture of work models in educational institutions within the same system guidelines has been obtained. In order to make comparisons, strategies focused on providing the most effective support for pupils with special educational needs and the process of evaluating activities were taken into account. Based on three experiences of implementing the idea of inclusive education, some strategies for coping with required changes were shown. The presented case studies showed that while the strategies of each educational institution varied, they aimed to offer functional and effective counseling services which enhanced the personal and social development of children. The differences between them are related to specific practices: whether they are occasional or systematic, focused on teachers or problems, communication or action, part of the school daily work routine or applied to deal with emerging problems. The research results present a certain type of narrative related to eliminating resistance to change and monitoring its effects in a positive way according to the specific culture of organization.

Background Youthful aggression, perceived both as a social phenomenon and a psychological issue, is the subject matter of numerous theoretical analyses and scientific studies. Usually, their aim is to determine the consequences of aggressive behaviour, especially the development of criminal behaviour. However, empirical studies devoted to the relations between aggressive behaviour of Polish youth and intrapersonal factors are still lacking. The main aim of the research presented in this paper was to determine the relationship between attachment, temperament, aggressiveness and aggressive behaviour among young people. For research purposes, the multidimensional aggression model developed by Anderson and Bushman was used. Participants and procedure Measurements were carried out with the Buss-Perry Aggressiveness Scale, the Parent and Peer Attachment Inventory by Armsden and Greenberg, the Buss and Plomin Temperament Scale and the Mini DIA Questionnaire (Österman and Björqvist). The studied group consisted of 120 young persons aged between 16 and 19. Results The research results support the conclusion that the dominant temperamental component of persons characterized by a high level of aggressiveness is anger. Also, correlations were found indicating that a high level of trust and a high level of alienation in the relationship with the mother are connected with anger as an aggressiveness component. Conclusions The actually undertaken aggressive behaviour depends on the prevailing aggressiveness dimension: the frequency of perpetrator-type behaviour increases along with the general aggressiveness level and the frequency of its manifestation in the form of physical and verbal aggression, while the frequency of victim-type behaviour increases along with the experienced level of anger and hostility.

The paper presents studies related to positive psychology that have been conducted in Poland. The article is based on a review of texts available in the databases of Google Scholar and EBSCO published by Polish researchers in the years 2001–2021. The selection criterion was the presence of some concepts in the title and/or abstract of articles that are constructs of positive psychology. Thirty intentionally selected articles were analyzed in terms of research objectives, variables, and measurement tools they described. In this way, a picture of research interests and methods of research on human and organization from the perspective of positive psychology was obtained. It seems that the main subjects of interest of Polish researchers were problems related to positive human qualities, life satisfaction, and mental well-being with a growing interest in positive society. The most common variable to study was life satisfaction, and the most frequently used measuring tool was the SWLS. It was concluded that there is a need for scientific exchange and integration within Polish researchers and the international community of positive psychologists.