Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases by influencing the inflammatory response, apoptosis, oxidative stress and aggregation of pathological proteins. There is a search for new compounds that can prevent the occurrence of neurodegenerative diseases and slow down their course. The aim of this review is to present the role of AChE in the pathomechanism of neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, this review aims to reveal the benefits of using AChE inhibitors to treat these diseases. The selected new AChE inhibitors were also assessed in terms of their potential use in the described disease entities. Designing and searching for new drugs targeting AChE may in the future allow the discovery of therapies that will be effective in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.

Currently, due to the large number of reports regarding the harmfulness of food additives, more and more consumers follow the so-called “clean label” trend, i.e., prefer and choose the least-processed food products. One of the compounds known as a preservative with a high safety profile is sodium benzoate. While some studies show that it can be used to treat conditions such as depression, pain, schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorders, and neurodegenerative diseases, others report its harmfulness. For example, it was found to cause mutagenic effects, generate oxidative stress, disrupt hormones, and reduce fertility. Due to such disparate results, the purpose of this study is to comprehensively discuss the safety profile of sodium benzoate and its potential use in neurodegenerative diseases, especially in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), schizophrenia, major depressive disorder (MDD), and pain relief.

The rise of antibiotic-resistant bacteria has become an alarming global health challenge. Disinfectants, such as alcohols, aldehydes, chlorine compounds, phenols, quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs), peroxides, and chlorhexidine, are widely used in healthcare settings as a critical line of defense against infection. Nevertheless, their overuse or misuse, especially at subinhibitory concentrations, can promote the emergence of bacterial resistance, potentially leading to cross-resistance to antibiotics. Several mechanisms, including efflux pump activation, alterations in membrane permeability, and biofilm formation, drive this process. A possible concern, although currently supported by limited and sometimes conflicting evidence—is that biocide-induced resistance might contribute indirectly to adverse clinical outcomes, such as treatment challenges, prolonged hospital stays, and increased healthcare costs. This review examines the molecular mechanisms of disinfectant-induced resistance, the epidemiological impact of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens, and contemporary infection control strategies. Furthermore, the review evaluates the benefits and risks associated with disinfectant use, underscoring the necessity for optimized, evidence-based disinfection protocols to minimize the development of resistance while ensuring effective infection prevention.

The incidence of cancer is constantly increasing, and current cytostatics are not effective enough and cause serious side effects. Thio/semicarbazide derivatives seem to be promising candidates for anticancer drugs. This systematic review aimed to analyze comparatively the ADMET profiles of thiosemicarbazides and semicarbazides with proven antitumor activity published through August 2024. A search of PubMed, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar databases was performed. Qualified compounds were subjected to in silico analysis using ADMETlab 2.0 software. The data were statistically analyzed (Student's t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, Chi²). Comparative analysis showed that semicarbazides have more favorable intestinal absorption properties and lower biological activity but have higher selectivity of action and lower risk of drug interactions. Thiosemicarbazides have a higher probability of metabolic activity with concomitant increased toxicity. These compounds show significantly higher levels of binding to plasma proteins, a lower average percentage of the unbound fraction, and a longer half-life. In light of anticancer therapies, thiosemicarbazides can cause increased oxidative stress and DNA damage, which is one strategy for cancer treatment. However, semicarbazides are better candidates for anticancer drug trials because of their better pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles and lower toxicity.