Beryl occurs in the ancient Roman mines at Wadi Nugrus, South Eastern Desert of Egypt. It ranges from small crystals to 10 mm in size, and it varies in color, appearing as bright green, pale green, dark green and brown-green with biotite inclusions. The trace and minor elements were analyzed by the SIMS method. The two rims are richer in Cs, Na, Mg, Fe, Sc, V, Rb and H₂O than cores but are poor in Mn, Ca, Co, Sr and Li. The bright-green rim is richer than the pale-green one in Na, P, K, Ca, Fe, Rb, Cs and F, but poorer in Mg and Li. The alkaline elements (Cs, Na, Rb) and Fe correlate with the color zoning, and where beryl crystals have a maximum of these elements, the green color is strong and bright. The emerald of Wadi Nugrus has similarities with the geological setting of the Canadian emeralds. Emeralds occur along the contact zone between biotite schists, pegmatites and quartz veins. A large-scale interaction between Be-bearing magmatic fluids from granites and related pegmatites took place with hydrothermal fluids enriched in Cr, V, Sc, Mg and Ca after percolation through pre-existing serpentinite and talc carbonates, metagabbros and biotite schists and additional fluids bearing H₂O, NaCl and CO₂.

Background: Stroke represents the second leading cause of death in the world after myocardial infarction. Intravenous (IV) thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (alteplase, rt-PA) is the only pharmacological therapy that was approved for treatment within 4.5 h of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) onset. We aimed to predict the 3-month outcome of AIS patients who received alteplase regarding mortality, spontaneous intra-cerebral hemorrhage (sICH), and functional outcome in comparison with non-thrombolyzed patients and to evaluate the predictors of the outcome after 3 months. Methods: All the clinical, National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores, radiological, and laboratory data of 40 AIS patients and received rt-PA during the period from 2016 to 2018 were collected and analyzed retrospectively. For comparison, 40 patients, as a control group, were selected to match the alteplase group as regards the baseline data and received regular treatment, rather than rt-PA within the first 24 h, that were obtained. The outcome of the thrombolyzed patients after 3 months was evaluated in comparison with controls by using a modified ranking scale. Results: After a 90-day follow-up period, the death rate was slightly higher among the rt-PA group (7.5%) in comparison with the control group (5%). sICH occurred in 7.5% of the patients in the alteplase group and in 5% of the non-thrombolyzed patients; however, this difference was not significant. More patients had a favorable outcome (mRS = 0–2) in the rt-PA group than in the control group (65% vs 60%, OR 1.38, 95% CI 0.50–3.6, P = 0.51). NIHSS score on admission, body mass index (BMI) (≥ 30), and previous transient ischemic attacks (TIA)/previous ischemic stroke were significant predictors of outcome after IV thrombolysis. Age, sex, hypertension (HTN), diabetes mellitus (DM), dyslipidemia, smoking, atrial fibrillation (AF), stroke subtype, size of infarction, and hyperdense middle cerebral artery had a non-significant effect. Conclusion: After 3 months of follow-up, rt-PA had a non-significant more increase of favorable outcome with increased risk of sICH and death than controls. Baseline NIHSS, BMI, and history of TIA or previous ischemic stroke were significant predictors of outcome after thrombolysis.

During the Late Precambrian, the North Eastern Desert of Egypt underwent significant crustal evolution in a tectonic environment characterized by strong extension. The Neoproterozoic alkali feldspar granite found in the Homret El Gergab area is a part of the Arabian Nubian Shield and hosts significant rare metal mineralization, including thorite, uranothorite, columbite, zircon, monazite, and xenotime, as well as pyrite, rutile, and ilmenite. The geochemical characteristics of the investigated granite reveal highly fractionated peraluminous, calc–alkaline affinity, A-type granite, and post-collision geochemical signatures, which are emplaced under an extensional regime of within-plate environments. It has elevated concentrations of Rb, Zr, Ba, Y, Nb, Th, and U. The zircon saturation temperature ranges from 753 °C to 766 °C. The formation of alkali feldspar rare metal granite was affected by extreme fractionation and fluid interactions at shallow crustal levels. The continental crust underwent extension, causing the mantle and crust to rise, stretch, and become thinner. This process allows basaltic magma from the mantle to be injected into the continental crust. Heat and volatiles were transferred from these basaltic bodies to the lower continental crust. This process enriched and partially melted the materials in the lower crust. The intrusion of basaltic magma from the mantle into the lower crust led to the formation of A-type granite.

The presence of heavy radioactive minerals in the studied granitoids from which the Wadi sediments leads to the study of the exposure to emitted gamma rays from the terrestrial radionuclides, such as ²³⁸U, ²³²Th, and ⁴⁰K. The geological study revealed that the Wadi sediments derived from the surrounding granitoids, such as syenogranite, alkali feldspar granite, and quartz syenite. The mineral analysis confirmed that the granitoids were enriched with radioactive minerals, such as uranothorite as well as monazite, zircon, yttrocolumbite, and allanite. The mean activity of the ²³⁸U, ²³²Th, and ⁴⁰K concentrations are 62.2 ± 20.8, 84.2 ± 23.3, and 949.4 ± 172.5 Bq kg⁻¹, respectively, for the investigated Wadi sediments, exceeding the reported limit of 33, 45 and 412 Bq kg⁻¹, respectively. Public exposure to emitted gamma radiation is detected by estimating many radiological hazard indices, such as the radium equivalent content (Ra_eq), external and internal hazard indices (H_ex and H_in), annual effective dose (AED), annual gonadal dose equivalent (AGDE), and excess lifetime cancer (ELCR). The obtained results of the radiological hazards parameters showed that public exposure to emitted gamma radiation can induce various dangerous health effects. Thus, the application of the investigated sediments in different building materials and infrastructures fields is not safe. A multivariate statistical analysis (MSA) was applied to detect radionuclide correlations with the radiological hazard parameters estimated in the granite samples.