Objective: Y chromosome microdeletions are the second most common genetic cause of male infertility after Klinefelter syndrome. The aim of this study was to determine the patterns of Y chromosome microdeletions among infertile Mongolian men.Methods: A descriptive study was performed on 75 infertile men from February 2017 to December 2018. Y chromosome microdeletions were identified by polymerase chain reaction. Semen parameters, hormonal levels, and testis biopsy samples were examined.Results: Among 75 infertile men, two cases of Y chromosome microdeletions were identified. The first case had an AZFa complete deletion and the other had an AZFc partial deletion. This study found that the proportion of Y chromosome microdeletions among infertile Mongolian men was 2.66%.Conclusion: The findings can be applied to in vitro fertilization and assisted reproductive technology, and our results will help clinicians improve treatment management for infertile Mongolian couples.

Algirmaa Nisekhkhuu, Amarjargal Olzvoi, Nyamsuvd Radnaabazar, Altasaikhan Khasag, Munkhtsetseg Davaatseren, Bolorchimeg Baldandorj. CAJMS 2021;7:259-68. https://doi.org/10.24079/CAJMS.2021.09.011

Background: In recent years, time-lapse incubators (TLs), which can maintain a stable culture environment, have been developed for use in in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment. Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, data from 1200 women who visited the Creation and Love fertility center between April 2021 and October 2023 were reviewed. Among them, the electronic medical records of 400 women aged 22–45 years who underwent IVF treatment were selected and divided into two groups according to the type of incubator used: 100 in the TL group and 300 in the conventional incubator (CI) group, to evaluate differences in embryo development. Among these participants, pregnancy outcomes were assessed in 150 women who underwent day 3 (cleavage-stage) fresh embryo transfer. Controlled ovarian stimulation was performed using a standard antagonist protocol. The primary outcome was a good embryo rate, and the secondary outcomes were the clinical pregnancy rate and live birth rate. Results: The mean age of the study population was 34.6 ± 5.4 years. The groups had similar good embryo rates (67.7% vs. 65.5%, p = 0.84), clinical pregnancy rates (49.0% vs. 52.0%, p = 0.86), and live birth rates (35.0% vs. 42.0%, p = 0.76). Furthermore, subgroup analyses showed that the live birth rate in women aged ≥ 35 years was higher in the TL group than the CI group (38.0% vs. 23.4%, p = 0.03). Conclusions: Based on the comparative analysis of live birth rates between women cultured using TLs and those using the CI during day 3 fresh-embryo transfer cycles, our study demonstrated a statistically significant increase in live birth rates among women ≥ 35 years in the TL group.

Introduction: The objective is to examine how curcumin influences cell proliferation and autophagy in cisplatin-resistant cervical cancer cell lines, HeLa and SiHa, by modulating the phosphorylation of the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Methods: Cisplatin-resistant cervical cancer cell lines, HeLa/DDP and SiHa/DDP, were established via the concentration escalation method, which was subsequently validated for its resistance phenotype through functional assays, including inhibitory coefficient (IC)50 and resistance index (RI) determination. Cisplatin-resistant cervical cancer cells were stimulated with or without curcumin at 8.5 μM. After 48 hours of treatment, cell proliferation was evaluated by the CCK-8 assay, and immunoblotting was used to detect autophagy-related proteins, LC3II/I, and Beclin-1; in addition, the phosphorylations of AKT and mTOR proteins were evaluated. Results: The IC50 values for cisplatin-resistant cells were 39.34 ng/mL and 37.12 ng/mL of HeLa and SiHa, whereas in the control group of cells, the IC50 values were 7.29 ng/mL and 6.73 ng/mL of HeLa and SiHa. The resistance indices (RIs) of HeLa and SiHa were 5.4 and 5.52, respectively. In relation to the control group, the curcumin significantly reduced cell proliferation rates, reduced phosphorylation of Akt and mTOR, and increased expression of LC3II/I as well as Beclin-1 (P<0.05). In contrast, activation of mTOR by MHY1485 significantly restored the proliferation of both cell lines and reduced the expression of autophagy-related proteins (all P < 0.01). Discussion: This research demonstrated that curcumin suppressed the growth of drug-resistant cervical cancer cells and enhanced autophagy by reducing the phosphorylation of the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, offering a novel avenue for overcoming drug resistance. Conclusion: Curcumin promotes autophagy and inhibits proliferation in cisplatin-resistant cervical cancer HeLa and SiHa cells by regulating phosphorylation of the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.

Evidence concerning factors associated with clinical pregnancy and live birth after intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) in Mongolia remains limited. Th

Background: In recent years, time-lapse incubators (TLs) with the ability to maintain a stable culture environment have been developed for in vitro fertilization treatment. Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, data from 1,200 women who visited the Creation and Love fertility center, between April 2021 and October 2023 were reviewed. Among them, electronic medical records of 400 women aged 22-45 who underwent in vitro fertilization treatment were selected and divided into 2 groups according to the type of incubator used: 100 in the TL group and 300 in the CI group to evaluate differences in embryo development. Out of these participants, pregnancy outcomes were compared in 150 who underwent fresh-embryo transfer. Controlled ovarian stimulation was performed by standard antagonist protocol. The primary outcome was live birth rate, and the secondary outcome was good embryo rate. Results: The mean age of the study population was 34.6±5.4. Groups had a similar good embryo rate (67.7% vs. 65.5%, p=0.84), clinical pregnancy rate (49.0% vs. 52.0%, p=0.86) and live birth rate (35.0% vs. 42.0%, p=0.76). Furthermore, subgroup analyses of the live birth rate in women aged >35 was higher in the TL group than the CI group (38.0% vs. 23.4%, p=0.03). Conclusions: Based on the comparative analysis of live birth rates between women cultured using TLs and those using CI during 3-day fresh embryo transfer cycles, our study demonstrated a statistically significant increase in live birth rates among women >35 yr of age in the TL group.