Physical activity and healthy eating are of the utmost importance in treatment of obesity. However obese generally tend to have a sedentary lifestyle. Walking is a form of physical activity that is both simple and can be performed by everyone, but it requires an objective measurement. Number of steps taken during tracking can be recorded with the pedometer, a device used to measure the level of physical activity. We aimed to investigate whether or not using pedometers as a motivational technique to increase the level of physical activity in obese women has an impact on weight loss. Eighty‐four obese women who are similar age referring to Ataturk University Faculty of Medicine Healthy Living Clinic, Turkey were randomly divided into two groups. Intervention group were given pedometers, and control group were prescribed similar diet and physical activity with a three‐month follow‐up plan without pedometers. Mean weight in pedometer group initially was 88.9 ± 8.4 kg, which decreased to 80.2 ± 8.7 kg after the programme. Mean weight in control group was 86.1 ± 9.2 kg at the beginning, and it decreased to 84.7 ± 8.8 kg after three months. It was observed in pedometer group that the mean number of steps 8817 ± 2725 steps/day at the beginning increased to mean 9716 ± 2811 steps/day at the end of the study. Weight, body mass index, body fat percentage and waist circumference measurements decreased more greatly in the pedometer when compared to the control group (p < 0.001). Pedometers may be recommended to obese patients to monitor and increase the level of physical activity and to promote weight loss.

The primary healthcare system is at a turning point in Saudi Arabia. However, the sustainability of family medicine as the core element of that system is increasingly being called into question because of lack of family physicians. In keeping view this problem; a postgraduate diploma program in family medicine has started in 2008. A validated measure of educational environment i.e., Dundee Ready Education Environment (DREEM) questionnaire consisting of 50 questions having five domains of perception was administered to all 13 trainees of the diploma course at the completion of the program to check their perception about learning evironment. The trainees comprised of 4 males (40%) and 6 females (60%). The overall score showed more positive than negative side (147/200). There is no significant difference (P > 0.05) in the mean scores of five different domains of perception. The subclasses of five domains showed that teaching perceived as positive by 50%, moving towards right direction by 80%, feeling more positive by 50%, positive attitude by 80% and the 70% scored the course as not too bad. The overall high score and positive attitude towards the course assures the better teaching environment. However, there are areas to improve and it requires continuous evaluation.

The sodium-dependent organic anion transporter (SOAT, gene symbol SLC10A6) specifically transports 3′- and 17′-monosulfated steroid hormones, such as estrone sulfate and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, into specific target cells. These biologically inactive sulfo-conjugated steroids occur in high concentrations in the blood circulation and serve as precursors for the intracrine formation of active estrogens and androgens that contribute to the overall regulation of steroids in many peripheral tissues. Although SOAT expression has been detected in several hormone-responsive peripheral tissues, its quantitative contribution to steroid sulfate uptake in different organs is still not completely clear. Given this fact, the present review provides a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge about the SOAT by summarizing all experimental findings obtained since its first cloning in 2004 and by processing SOAT/SLC10A6-related data from genome-wide protein and mRNA expression databases. In conclusion, despite a significantly increased understanding of the function and physiological significance of the SOAT over the past 20 years, further studies are needed to finally establish it as a potential drug target for endocrine-based therapy of steroid-responsive diseases such as hormone-dependent breast cancer.

Giriş ve amaç Türkiye’de altı yıllık tıp eğitiminin ardından ‘tıp doktoru’ ünvanını alan hekimler uzmanlaşmak için 1987 yılından beri yılda iki kez yapılan Tıpta Uzmanlık Sınavında (TUS) başarılı olmak zorundadır. Sağlıkta dönüşüm projesi, 5947 sayılı tam gün yasası ve hatalı tıbbi uygulama davalarının ve cezaların artması gibi çeşitli faktörlerin etkisiyle hekimlerin TUS tercihleri değişmeye başlamıştır. Bu araştırmada 2007-2013 yılları arasındaki TUS kadro ve puanlarının incelenmesi ve yıllara ve alanlara göre değişimlerin analiz edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve yöntem 2007 Nisan -2013 Nisan arasında düzenlenen 13 adet TUS ile ilgili veriler Ölçme, Seçme ve Yerleştirme Merkezi web sitesinden (http://www.osym.gov.tr/) indirildi ve incelendi. Araştırmanın ana sonuç ölçütünü taban puanlar oluşturdu. Analizlerde SPSS 18.0 paket istatistik programı kullanıldı. Bulgular Yıllar içerisinde Tıbbi biyokimya ve Tıbbi Mikrobiyoloji puanlarında yükselme olurken Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum, Genel Cerrahi ve Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları branşlarının taban puanlarında belirgin düşüşlerin olduğu dikkat çekiciydi. Sağlık Bakanlığı’na ait kurumların ortalama taban puanları 62,3±2,6; üniversitelerin ortalama taban puanları ise 61,8±2,0 olarak saptandı. Kurumlar arasında taban puan ortalamaları açısından istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark saptanmadı (t=1,18; p=0,241). 2009 sonrasında cerrahi branşlara göre dahili branşlarda daha az olmakla birlikte yataklı hizmeti olan branşların puanlarında tedrici bir düşüş gözlenirken yataklı hizmeti olmayan branşların puanlarında yıllar içerisinde bir artış olduğu dikkati çekti. Branş grupları arasındaki puan farkı 2007 yılında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı iken (F=4,691; p=0,02) diğer yıllarda anlamsız bulundu (p>0,05). Sonuç Yıllar içerisinde TUS’da branş tercihindeki trend değişmektedir. Gelecekte branşlar arasında oluşabilecek dengesizlikten kaynaklanacak sağlık hizmeti sunumunda aksaklıklar olabileceğinden TUS kontenjanlarının ve tercihlerin belirlenmesinin bu trend bilgileri ışığında yapılması uygun olacaktır.

En tr Objectives: Although the Enneagram is known for hundreds of years, research in this area is scarce. The purpose of this study was to analyze the frequency of personality types of a Turkish-‎speaking sample and compare the rates of different personalities with demographic ‎data.‎ Methods: The Tastan Personality Types Inventory, an instrument based on Enneagram, was hosted at Google Forms and made available via the university’s academic web page. Online responses were collected between ‎08.04.2015 ‎and ‎‎22.8.2019. Participants of the study were Turkish speaking people aged adolescents and adults. Results: Results for 1646 participants were analyzed. The mean (±SD) age was 29.48±11.03 years. The most commonly encountered main personality type was number 2, “the helper,” (n=‎335, 20.4‎%), while ‎number 8, “the challenger” was the most frequently encountered personality wing (‎284, 17.3%). The frequency of type 8 ‎personality was decreasing with increasing age, while the reverse was true for type 3 ‎personality (‎χ²=130.623‎, p‎<0.001). While the type 1 personality was more common among males (‎‎n=51‎ (9.5%) vs. n=63‎ (5.7%‎)), the type 4 was almost ‎twice common among females (‎n=‎48 (‎8.9% vs. ‎n=183‎ (16.5‎%)) (‎χ²=28.835, p<0.001). Also, the probability of type 1 personality was increasing as ‎the level of education increased (‎χ²=67.316, p‎<0.001). Conclusion: There are differences in the personality types of the studied population concerning demographic variables. These findings imply that personality is not a lifelong constant entity, but it can change with age and education. Further studies should investigate the relationship of the Enneagram personality types with certain disease entities in defined populations. Amaç: Enneagram yüzlerce yıldır bilinmesine rağmen, bu alandaki araştırmalar azdır. Bu çalışmanın amacı Türkçe konuşan bir örneklemin kişilik tiplerinin sıklığını analiz etmek ve farklı kişiliklerin oranlarını demografik verilerle karşılaştırmaktır. Yöntem: Enneagram’a dayalı bir araç olan Taştan Kişilik Tipleri Envanteri Google Formlar’da barındırıldı ve üniversitenin akademik web sayfası üzerinden kullanıma sunuldu. Çevrimiçi yanıtlar 08.04.2015 ve 22.8.2019 tarihleri arasında toplanmıştır. Çalışmanın katılımcıları Türkçe konuşan ergenler ve yetişkinlerdir. Bulgular: Bu araştırmada 1646 katılımcının verileri analiz edildi. Ortalama (± SD) yaş 29,48 ± 11,03 yıl idi. En sık karşılaşılan ana kişilik tipi 2 numaralı “yardımcı” (n = 335, %20,4), 8 numaralı “meydan okuyucu” ise en sık karşılaşılan kişilik kanadıdır (284, %17,3). Tip 8 kişilik sıklığı artan yaşla birlikte azalırken, tip 3 kişilik için tersi doğruydu (χ² = 130,623, p <0,001). Tip 1 kişilik erkeklerde daha yaygın iken (n = 51 (%9,5) ve n = 63 (%5,7)), tip 4 kadınlarda neredeyse iki kat fazlaydı (n = 48 (%8,9’a karşılık n = 183 (%16,5)) (χ² = 28,835, p <0,001) Ayrıca, eğitim düzeyi arttıkça tip 1 kişilik olasılığı da artmaktadır (χ² = 67,316, p <0,001). Sonuç: İncelenen nüfusun kişilik tiplerinde demografik değişkenler açısından farklılıklar vardır. Bu bulgular kişilik tipinin beşikten mezara kadar aynı olmadığını, eğitim ve yaşla değişebileceğini düşündürmektedir. Enneagram kişilik tiplerinin tanımlanmış popülasyonlardaki belirli hastalıklarla ilişkisi araştırmalıdır.

Introduction: Zenker’s diverticulum is a diverticulum of the mucosa of the pharynx, just above the cricopharyngeal muscle. It occurs commonly in elderly patients (over 70 years) and the typical symptoms include dysphagia, regurgitation, chronic cough, aspiration and weight loss. Case: We are reporting dysphagia in a 49-years old man who was treated as having Helicobacter Pylori gastritis for three years. Being a family physician himself, the patient applied to specialists in gastroenterology, bypassing primary care. During a casual interview on his symptoms, a family physician referred him to undergo a repeated endoscopy with suspected Zenker’s diverticulum. After being diagnosed with Zenker’s diverticulum, the patient underwent surgical intervention at the department of thoracic surgery and made a full recovery. He regained five kilograms at the end of five weeks after the operation. Conclusion: This case demonstrates once more the importance of history taking and follow-up in medical care. Attentive listening by a family physician could have probably prevented the delay of service in this case.