Structures made using high-strength steel (HSS) offer numerous benefits in terms of mechanical performance, economy and sustainability. With such structures increasingly being used in practice, academia in civil engineering is progressively focusing on HSS structures through experimental, numerical and theoretical investigations. This paper reviews research advances in HSS structures at the level of material properties, the behaviour of component members and connections and the performance of frame structures, and the corresponding findings are summarised and discussed. The literature indicates that, compared with structures made with conventional mild steel, HSS structures exhibit new features in terms of mechanical performance. It is hoped that this review will be helpful in providing a better understanding of the mechanism of HSS structures subjected to static or cyclic loading and promoting their practical application.