The cementation of indirect restoration is one of the most important steps in prosthetic and restorative dentistry. Cementation aims to bond the prosthetic restoration to the prepared enamel or enamel and dentine. Successful cementation protocols prevent biofilm formation at the margin between tooth and restoration and minimize mechanical and biological complications. With the advancements in dental cements, they have been modified to be versatile in terms of handling, curing, and bond strengths. This review presents updates on dental cements, focusing on the composition, properties, advantages, limitations, and indications of the various cements available. Currently, dental restorations are made from various biomaterials, and depending on each clinical case, an appropriate luting material will be selected. There is no luting material that can be universally used. Therefore, it is important to distinguish the physical, mechanical, and biological properties of luting materials in order to identify the best options for each case. Nowadays, the most commonly used dental cements are glass-ionomer and resin cement. The type, shade, thickness of resin cement and the shade of the ceramic, all together, have a tangible influence on the final restoration color. Surface treatments of the restoration increase the microtensile bond strength. Hence, the proper surface treatment protocol of both the substrate and restoration surfaces is needed before cementation. Additionally, the manufacturer’s instructions for the thin cement-layer thickness are important for the long-term success of the restoration.

Orodental problems have long been managed using herbal medicine. The development of nanoparticle formulations with herbal medicine has now become a breakthrough in dentistry because the synthesis of biogenic metal nanoparticles (MNPs) using plant extracts can address the drawbacks of herbal treatments. Green production of MNPs such as Ag, Au, and Fe nanoparticles enhanced by plant extracts has been proven to be beneficial in managing numerous orodental disorders, even outperforming traditional materials. Nanostructures are utilized in dental advances and diagnostics. Oral disease prevention medicines, prostheses, and tooth implantation all employ nanoparticles. Nanomaterials can also deliver oral fluid or pharmaceuticals, treating oral cancers and providing a high level of oral healthcare. These are also found in toothpaste, mouthwash, and other dental care products. However, there is a lack of understanding about the safety of nanomaterials, necessitating additional study. Many problems, including medication resistance, might be addressed using nanoparticles produced by green synthesis. This study reviews the green synthesis of MNPs applied in dentistry in recent studies (2010–2021).

The design of wound dressing hydrogels is of utmost importance in healthcare with desired remedial effects, self-healing ability, cell affinity, and appropriate mechanical properties, particularly for healing skin wounds; excellent wound tissue adhesiveness is imperative. Here, an ultra-tough and self-healable double-network (DN) hydrogel is designed based on salep/poly(vinyl alcohol) that is endowed with superior tissue adhesiveness and cell affinity as demonstrated for critical and burn wound healing in rats. The self-healing capability of the hydrogel is attained via hydrogen bonds and Schiff-base cross-linking between oxidized salep (OSa) and ethylene diamine-modified salep (SaHEA) chains (OSEA network). The interaction of hydroxyl groups of the poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) network effectively facilitates to create a stable mechanical structure and endow self-healing ability. The ensuing novel hydrogel is endowed with excellent self-healing ability, high mechanical strength (Young's modulus of up to 14 kPa; high fracture energy of up to 90 kJ m⁻³; compressive stress of 400 kPa), good tissue adhesiveness (up to 48 N m⁻¹ adhesive strength), and superior therapeutic properties (cell viability of A375 cells >80%; remarkable healing of >60% in 14 and >98% in 21 days). The macroscopic evaluation revealed healing >80% in 14 days and 100% in 21 days that is achieved by combining both networks in a single system along with Arnebia extract and Ag nanoparticles (Ag NPs) in green media. In vitro and in vivo tests affirmed that the PVA/OSEA DN hydrogel could be an excellent candidate for skin tissue regeneration in medical applications.