The Dinaride Ophiolite Belt formed from the Jurassic part of the Neotethys. The investigated Ozren ophiolite complex in Bosnia and Herzegovina consists of peridotites, plagioclase peridotites, plagiogranites, troctolites and other gabbroic rocks, and fewer basalts. Lherzolites and harzburgites contain corroded ortho- and clinopyroxene1 porphyroclasts enclosed in the olivine matrix. The boundaries between olivine aggregates and pyroxene1 and spinel1 are infilled by medium-grained undeformed aggregates of clinopyroxene2, less orthopyroxene2, spinel2, and often clinopyroxene3-spinel3 symplectites. These textures indicate the final crystallization of peridotite in subsolidus conditions. Partial dissolution of deformed pyroxene1 porphyroclasts and coarse-grained spinel1 most likely occurred due to their reaction with the rest melt present in the grain boundaries. The Al decrease from pyroxene1 to pyroxene2 and 3, or the Cr decrease and Al increase from spinel1 to spinel2 and 3 is characteristic. Peridotites are associated with inferred remnants of a gabbro-dolerite layer, whereas basalts and radiolarites occur as rare dm-size fragments in an ophiolitic breccia. Troctolites display interstitial crystallization of plagioclase, clinopyroxene, less Na-Ti-rich amphiboles, and phlogopite in the olivine-spinel matrix, indicating the replacive character of impregnating melt within the dunite layers. Clinopyroxene-plagioclase-ilmenite-±amphibole gabbroic and fewer basaltic dykes in peridotites formed due to subridge extension, mantle thinning, and the deeper mantle melting. Iron-enriched olivines occur in the peridotite-dyke interfaces and troctolites. Hydrated ultramafics and mafics contain amphiboles, biotite, phlogopite, clinozoisite, epidote, and chlorite aggregates. Estimated magmatic to subsolidus T from peridotite two-pyroxene thermometry are 1000–850 °C, for the spinel facies. Ca-in-orthopyroxene1 thermometry provided T of 1028–1068 °C, and Ca-in-orthopyroxene2 thermometry gave 909–961 °C at estimated P of 1.1–0.9 GPa. However, the gabbroic dyke magmatic crystallization T was constrained to 1200–1100 °C at P of 0.45–0.15 GPa by single clinopyroxene thermobarometry. The obtained P–T conditions constrained the deeper mantle environment for the formation of peridotites than troctolites and crosscutting dykes. The ophiolitic thrust-sheet hanging wall conditions in an obduction-related accretionary wedge were estimated from amphibolites at 620 °C and 0.85 GPa by Ti-in-amphibole thermometry and amphibole-plagioclase thermobarometry. 300 °C and 0.5 GPa were determined from an exhumation shear zone using a combination of chlorite thermometry and Si-in-phengite barometry.

The Ozren ophiolite complex (OOC) of the Dinaridic Ophiolite Belt is one of the six ophiolite complexes in Bosnia and Herzegovina. This paper deals with the mineral chemistry of amphiboles determined by electron probe micro-analysis and micro-Raman spectroscopy. The detected amphibole generations and types in mafic, ultramafic, and metamorphic rocks suggest a polystage evolution and are therefore useful petrogenetic indicators of the investigated OOC. Most gabbroic rocks and dolerites contain primary magmatic amphibole1 (magnesio-hornblende to pargasite, occasionally hastingsite) and prismatic to needle-like aggregates of late magmatic amphibole2 (magnesio-hornblende), while plagiogranite contains ferri-winchite and ferro-ferri-winchite as primary magmatic amphibole. Post-magmatic amphiboles were detected in dolerites, troctolites, and lesser in peridotites. The Na-(Ti)-rich amphibole3 (ferri-winchite and ferro-ferri-winchite to katophorite and ferri-katophorite) with amphibole4 (grunerite) rim formed along the grain boundaries of clinopyroxene, amphibole1, and plagioclase in dolerites. A part of these amphiboles grows into amphibole1, 2. Kaersutite to ferri-kaersutite, associated with phlogopite, occur in troctolites and dunites, while Mhbl was detected in harzburgite. The ultramafic rocks (lherzolites, harzburgites, and dunites) and the gabbroic layer are crosscut by clinopyroxene–plagioclase gabbroic and clinopyroxene–plagioclase–amphibole gabbro–dolerite dykes, suggesting ‘dry’ and ‘hydrated’ percolating melts generated in inferred subridge and supra-subduction settings, respectively. The amphibole3 and 4 in gabbros and dolerites and similar amphibole types in ultramafic rocks could be related to inferred arc-type basaltic and plagiogranitic percolating melts and fluids. Low-Al amphibole5 (tremolite and actinolite) and associated chlorite, albite, and clinozoisite represent the ocean-floor alterations in mafic rocks. Amphibole6 (magnesio-hornblende to pargasite) was identified in metamorphic sole amphibolites. Micro-Raman spectroscopy provided typical Raman spectra for the studied amphiboles, highlighting distinct features such as bands related to ^CMg content, ^CFe³⁺ presence, TO₄ ring-breathing mode, TiO₆ stretching mode, presence > 0.3 apfu of ^CTi, and TO₄ stretching indicating ^CFe²⁺ in the structure. Applied amphibole geothermobarometry revealed the formation P–T conditions of amphibole (Amp)1 (avg. 863 °C at 0.23 GPa), Amp2 (avg. 747 °C at 0.17 GPa), Amp in the mantle rocks (avg. 853 °C at 0.64 GPa), Amp5 (avg. 349 °C at 0.03 GPa), and Amp6 (avg. 694 °C at 0.46 GPa).

Research on potentially toxic elements chromium and nickel and laboratory testing of their concentrations was carried out in the wider area of Maglaj, with the aim to detect and determine their quantities, which gave basis for discussion about origins of these pollutants in soil. Field and laboratory observations included 45 soil samples, taken by the network, which is dictated by geomorphological conditions. The most frequently sampled type of soil are fluvisol and humofluvisol. Concentration of chromium (Cr) and nickel (Ni) are obtained by the most sophisticated laboratory method (ICP-MS), with a highly sensitive detection threshold (0.1 to 10,000 ppm). Evaluation of test results showed that concentrations of Cr (max. 954 ppm, min 154 ppm, average 457.5 pmm) and Ni (max 504.5 ppm, min 103.5 ppm; average 275.57 pmm) are significantly increased compared to the concentrations prescribed in the Regulations on determination of allowed amounts of harmful and hazardous substances in soil (Cr max = 100 ppm and Ni max = 50 ppm). Considering geological settings of surrounding area (the dominant presence of igneous ultramafic and mafic rocks) it can be concluded that high concentrations of Cr and Ni have geogenic origins, what is mean that they originate from source rocks from which they are separated through the long-term decomposition and disintegration processes.

Natural clay minerals, because of their physical and chemical characteristics are good adsorbents of metals. Among metals, heavy metals are often investigated, but redox-sensitive metals are increasingly getting attention. Redox-sensitive elements were measured in clay pit samples from a clay mine in Bosnia and Herzegovina. For the purpose of analysis, a 23 m deep clay pit core sample was taken, and it was randomly subsampled to give 45 clay pit samples from different depths. The pH, electrical conductivity (EC), oxidation–reduction potential (ORP) and redox-sensitive elements contents were measured. Amounts of redox-sensitive metals and aluminium were measured with an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrophotometry instrument. For statistical evaluation, maximum, minimum, average, median, Pearson's prior correlation, correlation applying Al normalization and centred log-ratio (clr) transformation were calculated. When justified, principal component analysis (PCA) was also performed. The results show acidic pH and oxidative ORP. EC varied significantly through the sediment. The element concentrations lie in the sequence: Fe > Ti > V > As. There is a significant change in correlations with and without Al normalization. The highest difference was found for Ti and V (coefficient of correlation ( r ) value ranging from −0.553 to 0.835). Correlations and PCA after clr transformation showed mainly strong negative correlations, meaning that redox-sensitive elements behave differently in clay samples. Supplementary material: Graphical abstract is available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.7014329

Spatial interpolation transforms scattered data points into a continuous surface that is used in environmental risk assessment studies, but the application of a certain algorithm can have a great effect on pollution pattern recognition. It is especially true about hydrologically dynamic alluvial plains, where floods lead to greater spatial heterogeneity and discontinuity in data. The objective of this research is to analyse four widely used interpolation techniques, including Spline (S) (with Barriers; SB), Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) and Natural Neighbour (NN) in the context of soil geochemistry of a alluvial plain affected by flood. A total number of 34 composite soil samples were taken from flooded areas. Concentrations of elements in total were measured through inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Based on morphology and floodplain settings, Spline with barriers (SB) was taken as representative method and other methods were compared towards it.

In this paper, within the framework of morphostructural features, relationship between relief and geological structure in the river basin of Solina (north-eastern Bosnia and Herzegovina) is analyzed. Main goal of this study is to investigate causal relationship between complex geological characteristics of the terrain and genesis, morphological evolution and differentiation of three relief units in the river basin of Solina. Relief of river basin of Solina is predominantly non-conformal, tectonically predisposed; its structure is dominated by Cretaceous - Paleogene clastites. In this paper are applied modern geomorphological-geological methods, field work, analysis of topographic and geological maps, as well as satellite images of the studied area. Presentation of data has been realized in the Geographic Information System, and the geospatial data were geo-visualized on two thematic maps. V tem članku so v okviru morfostrukturnih značilnosti analizirani odnosi med reliefom in geološko strukturo v porečju reke Solina (severovzhodna Bosna in Hercegovina). Glavni cilj te študije je raziskati vzročno razmerje med kompleksnimi geološkimi značilnostmi terena in genezo, morfološko evolucijo in diferenciacijo treh reliefnih enot v porečju reke Solina. Relief porečja reke Solina je večinoma nekonformen, tektonsko predisponiran; njegovo strukturo prevladujejo kredno-paleogenski klastiti. V tem članku so uporabljene sodobne geomorfološko-geološke metode, terensko delo, analiza topografskih in geoloških kart ter satelitskih slik preučevanega območja. Predstavitev podatkov je bila realizirana v Geografskem informacijskem sistemu, geoprostorski podatki pa so bili geovizualizirani na dveh tematskih kartah.