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Dr. Carlo Nicoletto
Padova University, Dept DAFNAE

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Review
Published: 26 May 2021 in Horticulturae
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The COVID-19 pandemic is causing many victims worldwide and has generated a serious economic crisis. Substantial changes have occurred in the food and ornamental production chains. The aim of the present review has been to summarize some of the main effects that the pandemic is having on horticulture and on the new habits of people. Infections and quarantine measures have prevented the regular flow of certain goods and of connected services. Cases of shortages and/or surpluses, a lack of the availability of labor, and a reduction in demand for some food products and flowers have occurred. New food production approaches have emerged and a reconnection between farmers and consumers has been spreading, thereby facilitating product distribution. Moreover, during the forced isolation, people have had to face periods of stress. The benefits that can be derived from leisure activities related to flowers and ornamental plants, and from access to nature and urban green spaces are increasingly being recognized as relevant. The seriousness of the pandemic will inevitably lead to lasting changes. Therefore, the vulnerability of the pre-COVID-19 distribution chains should be considered and a new food production chain should be drawn up, to increase the resilience of such systems.

ACS Style

Roberta Bulgari; Alice Petrini; Giacomo Cocetta; Carlo Nicoletto; Andrea Ertani; Paolo Sambo; Antonio Ferrante; Silvana Nicola. The Impact of COVID-19 on Horticulture: Critical Issues and Opportunities Derived from an Unexpected Occurrence. Horticulturae 2021, 7, 124 .

AMA Style

Roberta Bulgari, Alice Petrini, Giacomo Cocetta, Carlo Nicoletto, Andrea Ertani, Paolo Sambo, Antonio Ferrante, Silvana Nicola. The Impact of COVID-19 on Horticulture: Critical Issues and Opportunities Derived from an Unexpected Occurrence. Horticulturae. 2021; 7 (6):124.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Roberta Bulgari; Alice Petrini; Giacomo Cocetta; Carlo Nicoletto; Andrea Ertani; Paolo Sambo; Antonio Ferrante; Silvana Nicola. 2021. "The Impact of COVID-19 on Horticulture: Critical Issues and Opportunities Derived from an Unexpected Occurrence." Horticulturae 7, no. 6: 124.

Original research article
Published: 25 May 2021 in Frontiers in Plant Science
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Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is an essential source of food proteins and an important component of sustainable agriculture systems around the world. Thus, conserving and exploiting the genetic materials of this crop species play an important role in achieving global food safety and security through the preservation of functional and serependic opportunities afforded by plant species diversity. Our research aimed to collect and perform agronomic, morpho-phenological, molecular-genetic, and nutraceutical characterizations of common bean accessions, including lowland and mountain Venetian niche landraces (ancient farmer populations) and Italian elite lineages (old breeder selections). Molecular characterization with SSR and SNP markers grouped these accessions into two well-separated clusters that were linked to the original Andean and Mesoamerican gene pools, which was consistent with the outputs of ancestral analysis. Genetic diversity in the two main clusters was not distributed equally the Andean gene pool was found to be much more uniform than the Mesoamerican pool. Additional subdivision resulted in subclusters, supporting the existence of six varietal groups. Accessions were selected according to preliminary investigations and historical records and cultivated in two contrasting Venetian environments: sea-level and mountain territories. We found that the environment significantly affected some nutraceutical properties of the seeds, mainly protein and starch contents. The antioxidant capacity was found significantly greater at sea level for climbing accessions and in the mountains for dwarf accessions. The seed yield at sea level was halved than mountain due to a seeds reduction in weight, volume, size and density. At sea level, bean landraces tended to have extended flowering periods and shorter fresh pod periods. The seed yield was positively correlated with the length of the period during which plants had fresh pods and negatively correlated with the length of the flowering period. Thus, the agronomic performance of these genetic resources showed their strong connection and adaptation to mountainous environments. On the whole, the genetic-molecular information put together for these univocal bean entries was combined with overall results from plant and seed analyses to select and transform the best accessions into commercial varieties (i.e., pure lines) suitable for wider cultivation.

ACS Style

Pietro Sica; Francesco Scariolo; Aline Galvao; Domiziana Battaggia; Carlo Nicoletto; Carmelo Maucieri; Fabio Palumbo; Dorcas Franklin; Miguel Cabrera; Maurizio Borin; Paolo Sambo; Gianni Barcaccia. Molecular Hallmarks, Agronomic Performances and Seed Nutraceutical Properties to Exploit Neglected Genetic Resources of Common Beans Grown by Organic Farming in Two Contrasting Environments. Frontiers in Plant Science 2021, 12, 1 .

AMA Style

Pietro Sica, Francesco Scariolo, Aline Galvao, Domiziana Battaggia, Carlo Nicoletto, Carmelo Maucieri, Fabio Palumbo, Dorcas Franklin, Miguel Cabrera, Maurizio Borin, Paolo Sambo, Gianni Barcaccia. Molecular Hallmarks, Agronomic Performances and Seed Nutraceutical Properties to Exploit Neglected Genetic Resources of Common Beans Grown by Organic Farming in Two Contrasting Environments. Frontiers in Plant Science. 2021; 12 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pietro Sica; Francesco Scariolo; Aline Galvao; Domiziana Battaggia; Carlo Nicoletto; Carmelo Maucieri; Fabio Palumbo; Dorcas Franklin; Miguel Cabrera; Maurizio Borin; Paolo Sambo; Gianni Barcaccia. 2021. "Molecular Hallmarks, Agronomic Performances and Seed Nutraceutical Properties to Exploit Neglected Genetic Resources of Common Beans Grown by Organic Farming in Two Contrasting Environments." Frontiers in Plant Science 12, no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 30 January 2021 in Horticulturae
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Sweet potatoes (SPs) are considered by the FAO as a primary crop for “traditional agriculture” in the tropics, but in Europe, its consumption is not widespread. However, consumer demand has grown exponentially over the past five years. This study has evaluated the quality and nutrient contents of storage roots of 29 SPs accessions to characterize their role in improving the human diet. Roots were analyzed for nutraceuticals, sugars, and minerals. Results underlined a considerable variability of nutrient content related to color among SPs accessions. The deep-orange-fleshed SPs showed a higher content of β-carotene compared to the light orange- and cream-fleshed ones; 100 g of edible product of HON86 can supply 32.3% of the daily value contribution of vitamin A, followed by the pale orange-fleshed BRA32 and BRA54. The total phenolic content of the purple ecotypes was about two to five times higher than the other genotypes. The calcium content was generally low, whereas, in many accessions, magnesium and phosphorus content reached 20%, or higher of the contribution to the daily value. Such a high variability suggests different use of the different accessions according to their strengths, but might also be used for breeding to improve quality traits of the commercial varieties.

ACS Style

Aline C. Galvao; Carlo Nicoletto; Giampaolo Zanin; Pablo F. Vargas; Paolo Sambo. Nutraceutical Content and Daily Value Contribution of Sweet Potato Accessions for the European Market. Horticulturae 2021, 7, 23 .

AMA Style

Aline C. Galvao, Carlo Nicoletto, Giampaolo Zanin, Pablo F. Vargas, Paolo Sambo. Nutraceutical Content and Daily Value Contribution of Sweet Potato Accessions for the European Market. Horticulturae. 2021; 7 (2):23.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Aline C. Galvao; Carlo Nicoletto; Giampaolo Zanin; Pablo F. Vargas; Paolo Sambo. 2021. "Nutraceutical Content and Daily Value Contribution of Sweet Potato Accessions for the European Market." Horticulturae 7, no. 2: 23.

Journal article
Published: 26 January 2021 in Horticulturae
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Beans are often grown in regions with climates that are susceptible to drought during the cultivation period. Consequently, it is important to identify bean accessions tolerant to drought conditions and assess the effect of drought on seeds’ nutraceutical properties. This study evaluated the effect of drought during different development stages (NES = never stressed; ALS = always stressed; SBF = stressed before flowering; SAF = stressed after flowering) on the yield and nutraceutical properties of six local bean varieties: Fasolo del Diavolo, Gialet, Posenati, Secle, D’oro, and Maron. Analysis of variance indicated that Gialet was not significantly affected by drought treatments, and Posenati under SBF and NES treatments had greater yields than under ALS and SAF treatments, whereas Secle under SBF produced 80% more seeds than under NES. Total phenols, antioxidant capacity, and calcium content were significantly different among the local varieties. Yield was significantly and positively correlated with seed calcium content and significantly and negatively correlated with protein, total phenols, and antioxidant capacity. The interaction between local varieties and treatment significantly affected seeds’ Zn content. Gialet and Maron seeds’ Zn contents were about 60 mg kg−1, almost double the average of commercial varieties. In summary, this study paves the way to the identification of potential bean varieties resistant to drought. Further molecular studies will help support these findings.

ACS Style

Pietro Sica; Aline Galvao; Francesco Scariolo; Carmelo Maucieri; Carlo Nicoletto; Cristiane Pilon; Paolo Sambo; Gianni Barcaccia; Maurizio Borin; Miguel Cabrera; Dorcas Franklin. Effects of Drought on Yield and Nutraceutical Properties of Beans (Phaseolus spp.) Traditionally Cultivated in Veneto, Italy. Horticulturae 2021, 7, 17 .

AMA Style

Pietro Sica, Aline Galvao, Francesco Scariolo, Carmelo Maucieri, Carlo Nicoletto, Cristiane Pilon, Paolo Sambo, Gianni Barcaccia, Maurizio Borin, Miguel Cabrera, Dorcas Franklin. Effects of Drought on Yield and Nutraceutical Properties of Beans (Phaseolus spp.) Traditionally Cultivated in Veneto, Italy. Horticulturae. 2021; 7 (2):17.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pietro Sica; Aline Galvao; Francesco Scariolo; Carmelo Maucieri; Carlo Nicoletto; Cristiane Pilon; Paolo Sambo; Gianni Barcaccia; Maurizio Borin; Miguel Cabrera; Dorcas Franklin. 2021. "Effects of Drought on Yield and Nutraceutical Properties of Beans (Phaseolus spp.) Traditionally Cultivated in Veneto, Italy." Horticulturae 7, no. 2: 17.

Journal article
Published: 15 January 2021 in Horticulturae
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Italian floriculture is facing structural changes. Possible options to maintain competitiveness of the involved companies include promotion of added values, from local production to environmental sustainability. To quantify value and benefits of cleaner production processes and choices, a holistic view is necessary and could be provided by life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology. Previous studies on ornamental products generally focused on data from one company or a small sample. The aim of this study was a gate-to-gate life cycle assessment of two ornamental species, cyclamen (Cyclamen persicum Mill.) and zonal geranium (Pelargonium × hortorum Bailey), using data from a sample of 20 companies belonging to a floriculture district in the Treviso, Veneto region. We also assessed the potential benefits of the environmental impact of alternative management choices regarding plant protection and reuse of composted waste biomass. Life cycle impact assessment showed higher impact scores for the zonal geranium, mainly as a consequence of greenhouse heating with fossil fuels. This factor, along with higher uniformity of production practices and technological levels of equipment, translated to a lower variability in comparison with cyclamen production, which showed a wider results range, in particular for eutrophication, acidification and human toxicity potential. The application of integrated pest management with cyclamen had significant benefits by reducing acidification and human toxicity, while reducing use of mineral nutrients through amending growing media with compost resulted in a reduction in eutrophication potential. Similar achievable benefits for zonal geranium were not observed because of the dominant contribution of energy inputs.

ACS Style

Jaco Bonaguro; Lucia Coletto; Paolo Sambo; Carlo Nicoletto; Giampaolo Zanin. Environmental Analysis of Sustainable Production Practices Applied to Cyclamen and Zonal Geranium. Horticulturae 2021, 7, 8 .

AMA Style

Jaco Bonaguro, Lucia Coletto, Paolo Sambo, Carlo Nicoletto, Giampaolo Zanin. Environmental Analysis of Sustainable Production Practices Applied to Cyclamen and Zonal Geranium. Horticulturae. 2021; 7 (1):8.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jaco Bonaguro; Lucia Coletto; Paolo Sambo; Carlo Nicoletto; Giampaolo Zanin. 2021. "Environmental Analysis of Sustainable Production Practices Applied to Cyclamen and Zonal Geranium." Horticulturae 7, no. 1: 8.

Preprint
Published: 22 December 2020
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Italian floriculture is facing structural changes. Possible options to maintain competitiveness of the involved companies include promotion of added values, from local productions to environmental sustainability. To quantify value and benefits of cleaner production processes and choices, a holistic view is necessary, and could be provided by life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology. Previous studies on ornamental products generally focused on data from one company or a small sample. The aim of this study was a gate-to-gate life cycle assessment of two ornamental species (Cyclamen persicum Mill. and Pelargonium ×hortorum Bailey) using data from a sample of 20 companies belonging to a floriculture district in Treviso, Veneto region. We also assessed the potential benefits for the environmental impact of the selected species of alternative management choices regarding plant protection and reuse of composted waste biomass. Life cycle impact assessment showed the higher impact scores for the zonal geranium, mainly as a consequence of greenhouse heating with fossil fuels. This factor, along with higher uniformity of production practices and technological level of equipment, translated in lower variability observed in comparison with cyclamen production, which shows a wider results range, in particular for eutrophication, acidification and human toxicity potentials. The application of integrated pest management had significant benefits in terms of impact reduction for acidification and human toxicity of cyclamen, while reduced use of mineral nutrients through compost amendment of growing media resulted in a reduced eutrophication potential. The achievable benefits for zonal geranium were not observable because of the dominant contribution of energy inputs.

ACS Style

Jaco Emanuele Bonaguro; Lucia Coletto; Paolo Sambo; Carlo Nicoletto; Giampaolo Zanin. LCA Analysis of the Benefits Deriving from Sustainable Production Practices Applied to Cyclamen and Zonal Geranium. 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Jaco Emanuele Bonaguro, Lucia Coletto, Paolo Sambo, Carlo Nicoletto, Giampaolo Zanin. LCA Analysis of the Benefits Deriving from Sustainable Production Practices Applied to Cyclamen and Zonal Geranium. . 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jaco Emanuele Bonaguro; Lucia Coletto; Paolo Sambo; Carlo Nicoletto; Giampaolo Zanin. 2020. "LCA Analysis of the Benefits Deriving from Sustainable Production Practices Applied to Cyclamen and Zonal Geranium." , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 22 July 2020 in Italian Journal of Agronomy
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As in any agroecosystem, also in aquaponics the nitrogen (N) balance represents an important tool to evaluate sustainability, and to identify factors that can improve N use efficiency (NUE) and reduce N losses. In this respect, fish stocking density has been little investigated, hence this research aimed to evaluate the N balance of a low technology aquaponic (AP) system managed at two fish densities in comparison with a hydroponic system (HP). In the fish tanks common carp at two initial stocking densities were reared (2.5 and 4.6 kg m–3 in low and high AP, hereafter named APL and APH, respectively) and the vegetated sector was cultivated with a leafy vegetable crop succession (Catalogna chicory, lettuce, Swiss chard). The N balance considered N input as fish feed or fertiliser, and N content in the initial water and the N output as N in the incremented fish biomass, in the harvested vegetables, in the sediments, and in the remaining water. Total N loss was estimated by difference. The total N input and the N loss through gas emission in the atmosphere were much higher in AP than in HP, particularly at high stocking density. The opposite trend was observed for the N input recovered in vegetable aboveground biomass. The N input recovered as fish biomass was slightly higher in APL compared to APH. The better results of APL than APH suggest that in low-tech AP system lower initial fish density should be adopted at the system start up to maximise both production and N recovery. Highlights - The higher initial fish density had higher N input, but resulted in a lower N recovered in fish and vegetable biomass, and much higher N loss as gas emissions. - The lower initial fish density combined a lower N input to a higher recovery in fish and vegetable biomass, and a lower N loss as gas emissions. - The lower initial fish density allowed to maximise both production and environmental preservation.

ACS Style

Carmelo Maucieri; Carlo Nicoletto; Giampaolo Zanin; Marco Birolo; Gerolamo Xiccato; Paolo Sambo; Maurizio Borin. Nitrogen budget in recirculating aquaponic systems with different fish stocking density. Italian Journal of Agronomy 2020, 15, 239 -245.

AMA Style

Carmelo Maucieri, Carlo Nicoletto, Giampaolo Zanin, Marco Birolo, Gerolamo Xiccato, Paolo Sambo, Maurizio Borin. Nitrogen budget in recirculating aquaponic systems with different fish stocking density. Italian Journal of Agronomy. 2020; 15 (3):239-245.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Carmelo Maucieri; Carlo Nicoletto; Giampaolo Zanin; Marco Birolo; Gerolamo Xiccato; Paolo Sambo; Maurizio Borin. 2020. "Nitrogen budget in recirculating aquaponic systems with different fish stocking density." Italian Journal of Agronomy 15, no. 3: 239-245.

Journal article
Published: 02 July 2020 in Agronomy
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Economic and environmental concerns limit peat use for substrate production, promoting interest in alternative materials. Hence, in this study, 16 substrates were obtained by mixing, in a factorial combination, eight substrates with different ratios of peat, rice hulls (RH), and anaerobic digestion residues (ADR) and two types of RH: whole (WRH) or ground RH (GRH). Substrates were physically and chemically characterized and then tested as potting substrates for Pelargonium peltatum ‘Ville de Paris’ and Rosa × hybrida ‘La Sevillana’ production. Physical characteristics worsened the increasing RH content. This problem was partly solved using GRH and adding ADR to the substrates. As for chemical characteristics, RH increased P and K, reducing cation exchange capacity, NO3-N, and Ca, thus causing a possible nutritional imbalance. ADR addition increased all nutrients, restoring the nutritional balance. Geranium and rose plants were negatively affected by an increasing rate of RH. In both species, the use of GRH improved the considered parameters, whereas ADR improved some parameters but only in geranium. It was possible to partly substitute peat with 33% RH, but GRH plus ADR is necessary for geranium production, and facultative for rose. The multiple regression method and principal component analysis appear to be useful tools to understand which substrate parameters, and to what extent, influence the growth of ornamental plants.

ACS Style

Antonio Bassan; Stefano Bona; Carlo Nicoletto; Paolo Sambo; Giampaolo Zanin. Rice Hulls and Anaerobic Digestion Residues as Substrate Components for Potted Production of Geranium and Rose. Agronomy 2020, 10, 950 .

AMA Style

Antonio Bassan, Stefano Bona, Carlo Nicoletto, Paolo Sambo, Giampaolo Zanin. Rice Hulls and Anaerobic Digestion Residues as Substrate Components for Potted Production of Geranium and Rose. Agronomy. 2020; 10 (7):950.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Antonio Bassan; Stefano Bona; Carlo Nicoletto; Paolo Sambo; Giampaolo Zanin. 2020. "Rice Hulls and Anaerobic Digestion Residues as Substrate Components for Potted Production of Geranium and Rose." Agronomy 10, no. 7: 950.

Research article
Published: 07 May 2020 in Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture
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BACKGROUND Aquaponics is considered a sustainable system for the production of fish and vegetables. However, little is known about the effects of different system variables on vegetable quality. Hence, the aims of this study were to evaluate the influence of aquaponics on the composition and quality traits of three vegetable species in relation to stoking density of the common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.), in comparison with those of plants grown in hydroponics. RESULTS The highest cumulative vegetable marketable yield was obtained in low density aquaponics (APL), followed by hydroponics (HP) and high density aquaponics (APH). Vegetable quality traits showed species‐specific responses. In general, phosphorus concentration was higher in plants grown in APH and lower in those grown in HP, while the opposite was observed for nitrate concentration. In lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), sugar content was the highest in APH, whereas in Swiss chard (Beta vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris Cicla group), the AP treatments increased only glucose content. No differences in sugar content were observed in Catalogna (Cichorium intybus L. Catalogna group). The lowest and highest phenolic acid concentrations in the aboveground biomass of Catalogna and lettuce were observed in HP and APH treatments, respectively. In Swiss chard, APH treatment resulted in the highest caffeic acid content, whereas the ferulic acid was the highest in HP. CONCLUSION Aquaponics at low stocking density increased plant yield, compared to HP, without compromising vegetable quality, whereas aquaponics at high stocking density improved vegetable quality, but at the expense of yield. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

ACS Style

Carmelo Maucieri; Carlo Nicoletto; Giampaolo Zanin; Gerolamo Xiccato; Maurizio Borin; Paolo Sambo. Composition and quality traits of vegetables grown in a low‐tech aquaponic system at different fish stocking densities. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 2020, 100, 4310 -4318.

AMA Style

Carmelo Maucieri, Carlo Nicoletto, Giampaolo Zanin, Gerolamo Xiccato, Maurizio Borin, Paolo Sambo. Composition and quality traits of vegetables grown in a low‐tech aquaponic system at different fish stocking densities. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 2020; 100 (11):4310-4318.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Carmelo Maucieri; Carlo Nicoletto; Giampaolo Zanin; Gerolamo Xiccato; Maurizio Borin; Paolo Sambo. 2020. "Composition and quality traits of vegetables grown in a low‐tech aquaponic system at different fish stocking densities." Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 100, no. 11: 4310-4318.

Journal article
Published: 05 March 2020 in Scientia Horticulturae
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This work aims to investigate the effects of two pathways using artificial vernalization for the production of cuttings of globe artichoke cultivar “Violet d’Hyères” on yield, earliness and marketable traits. The cultivation was set up and followed for two production seasons (2016/2018). The first pathway has targeted the production and the cool chilling (5 °C) of field’s ovoli for 2 and 3 weeks under darkness represented respectively by treatments F1 and F2 with the control treatment F0 (field’s ovoli without cold treatment). The second pathway was designed for the production of nursery’s ovoli as follows; T0 (nursery’s ovoli without cold treatment), T1 (nursery’s ovoli kept at a temperature of 5 °C for two weeks in the dark), T2 (nursery’s ovoli kept at a temperature of 5 °C for two weeks with a photoperiod of 14 h of light), T3 (nursery’s ovoli kept at a temperature of 5 °C for three weeks in the dark), T4 (nursery’s ovoli kept at a temperature of 5 °C for three weeks with a photoperiod of 14 h of light). Results have shown that the cold treatment under darkness especially for a period of three weeks has enhanced the vegetative development of plants derived from both field and nursery’s ovoli compared to their control treatments. For over two years, the highest rate in early yield was obtained in T3 for nursery’s ovoli and it was about 17 % from the total production whereas for field’s ovoli it was less than 14 % for treatment F2. For the total yield, vernalized nursery’s ovoli have recorded the best values ranging from 20.10 t ha−1 to 24.91 t ha−1, then followed by vernalized field’s ovoli with a maximum yield of 19.13 t ha−1. The lowest values in all parameters were often found in non- vernalized treatments T0 and F0. Traits of marketable heads such as head diameter and head weight were influenced significantly by treatments and varied according to the harvest period. These results lead us to conclude that dark-chilling has improved the development potential of cuttings which was after that reflected on yield, earliness and on commercial characteristics of the production.

ACS Style

J. Riahi; C. Nicoletto; G. Bouzaein; K. Arfaoui; O. Najar; H. Riahi; K. Sassi; K.K. Khalfallah. Globe artichoke cuttings production: Artificial vernalization pathways for the improvement of earliness, yield and marketable traits. Scientia Horticulturae 2020, 267, 109267 .

AMA Style

J. Riahi, C. Nicoletto, G. Bouzaein, K. Arfaoui, O. Najar, H. Riahi, K. Sassi, K.K. Khalfallah. Globe artichoke cuttings production: Artificial vernalization pathways for the improvement of earliness, yield and marketable traits. Scientia Horticulturae. 2020; 267 ():109267.

Chicago/Turabian Style

J. Riahi; C. Nicoletto; G. Bouzaein; K. Arfaoui; O. Najar; H. Riahi; K. Sassi; K.K. Khalfallah. 2020. "Globe artichoke cuttings production: Artificial vernalization pathways for the improvement of earliness, yield and marketable traits." Scientia Horticulturae 267, no. : 109267.

Journal article
Published: 24 October 2019 in Genes
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The European Union (EU) market for sweet potatoes has increased by 100% over the last five years, and sweet potato cultivation in southern European countries is a new opportunity for the EU to exploit and introduce new genotypes. In view of this demand, the origins of the principal Italian sweet potato clones, compared with a core collection of genotypes from Central and Southern America, were investigated for the first time. This was accomplished by combining a genetic analysis, exploiting 14 hypervariable microsatellite markers, with morphological and chemical measurements based on 16 parameters. From the molecular analyses, Italian accessions were determined to be genetically very similar to the South American germplasm, but they were sub-clustered into two groups. This finding was subsequently confirmed by the morphological and chemical measurements. Moreover, the analysis of the genetic structure of the population suggested that one of the two groups of Italian genotypes may have descended from one of the South American accessions, as predicted on the basis of the shared morphological characteristics and molecular fingerprints. Overall, the combination of two different characterization methods, genetic markers and agronomic traits, was effective in differentiating or clustering the sweet potato genotypes, in agreement with their geographical origin or phenotypic descriptors. This information could be exploited by both breeders and farmers to detect and protect commercial varieties, and hence for traceability purposes.

ACS Style

Fabio Palumbo; Aline Carolina Galvao; Carlo Nicoletto; Paolo Sambo; Gianni Barcaccia. Diversity Analysis of Sweet Potato Genetic Resources Using Morphological and Qualitative Traits and Molecular Markers. Genes 2019, 10, 840 .

AMA Style

Fabio Palumbo, Aline Carolina Galvao, Carlo Nicoletto, Paolo Sambo, Gianni Barcaccia. Diversity Analysis of Sweet Potato Genetic Resources Using Morphological and Qualitative Traits and Molecular Markers. Genes. 2019; 10 (11):840.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fabio Palumbo; Aline Carolina Galvao; Carlo Nicoletto; Paolo Sambo; Gianni Barcaccia. 2019. "Diversity Analysis of Sweet Potato Genetic Resources Using Morphological and Qualitative Traits and Molecular Markers." Genes 10, no. 11: 840.

Journal article
Published: 17 August 2019 in Agronomy
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Understanding nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of crops plays an important role in achieving sustainable production. Intensive agriculture has adversely affected social and environmental issues worldwide over the past few decades. Anaerobic digested residues from the distillery industry (DADRs) can be used in agriculture, thereby recycling valuable organic materials that can supply organic N. An experiment using DADRs in horticulture was conducted to evaluate the performance of different treatments on yield and NUE. The experiment was conducted for five years, growing lettuce, cauliflower, chicory, potato, Swiss chard, catalogna chicory, tomato, pepper, and melon in two different succession schemes. Five fertilization treatments were designed, including a mineral fertilization control, in which nitrogen (N) was supplied according to standard recommendations in the area. The other treatments were an unfertilized control and three treatments in which 50%, 75%, and 100% of the N were supplied by DADRs and the remaining with common chemical fertilizer. Major findings were: (1) Spring–summer crops showed the lowest N-uptake and N recovery, during this period high chemical fertilization can cause environmental problems such as N leaching, and fertilization with 100% DADRs is a viable alternative; (2) fall–winter crops can be fertilized by combining 50% mineral N and 50% organic N, supplying the nutrients required by the crops during the growing cycle.

ACS Style

Carlo Nicoletto; Luisa Dalla Costa; Paolo Sambo; Giampaolo Zanin. Distillery Anaerobic Digestion Residues as Fertilizers for Field Vegetable Crops: Performance and Efficiency in Mid-term Successions. Agronomy 2019, 9, 463 .

AMA Style

Carlo Nicoletto, Luisa Dalla Costa, Paolo Sambo, Giampaolo Zanin. Distillery Anaerobic Digestion Residues as Fertilizers for Field Vegetable Crops: Performance and Efficiency in Mid-term Successions. Agronomy. 2019; 9 (8):463.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Carlo Nicoletto; Luisa Dalla Costa; Paolo Sambo; Giampaolo Zanin. 2019. "Distillery Anaerobic Digestion Residues as Fertilizers for Field Vegetable Crops: Performance and Efficiency in Mid-term Successions." Agronomy 9, no. 8: 463.

Journal article
Published: 26 June 2019 in Scientia Horticulturae
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Phaseolus vulgaris is a widely spread crop, available in many genotypes and landraces, adapted to different environments. In Italy this crop is traditionally linked to typical locally grown vegetables, and to its recognized potential to improve consumers diet quality and long term health. Two bean lines, Gialet (G) and Lingua di fuoco (LDF), were grown in 2 locations, Lonigo (L1) and Feltre (L2), with contrasting altitude (30 m a.s.l. L1, and 351 m a.s.l. L2). Seed hydration capacity, total antioxidant capacity and total phenols were found higher in L2 than in L1, whereas electric conductivity, total soluble solids, titratable acidity were higher in L1. Among oligosaccharides, stachyose, raffinose and sucrose prevailed in the plain environment (L1), verbascose was unaffected. Essential amino acid such as valine, phenylalanine and isoleucine content was higher in L2, whereas methionine and lysine co in L1. For non-essential amino acids, L2 seeds were richer of serine, arginine, tyrosine, cysteine and proline, and G always presented higher values than LDF. Concerning ion content, only the concentration of NO3− and NH4+ was not affected by environments. The higher concentration of Cl−, NO3− and SO42- was found in G genotype, whereas the higher amount of K+, Mg2+ and Ca2+ was recorded in LDF. The higher altitude cultivation promotes the content of antioxidants, total phenols, amino acids, mineral compounds and the oligosaccharides reduction. LDF showed a higher antioxidant capacity and total phenols, whereas G displayed higher concentration of amino acids, thus nutritionally more interesting.

ACS Style

Carlo Nicoletto; Giampaolo Zanin; Paolo Sambo; Luisa Dalla Costa. Quality assessment of typical common bean genotypes cultivated in temperate climate conditions and different growth locations. Scientia Horticulturae 2019, 256, 108599 .

AMA Style

Carlo Nicoletto, Giampaolo Zanin, Paolo Sambo, Luisa Dalla Costa. Quality assessment of typical common bean genotypes cultivated in temperate climate conditions and different growth locations. Scientia Horticulturae. 2019; 256 ():108599.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Carlo Nicoletto; Giampaolo Zanin; Paolo Sambo; Luisa Dalla Costa. 2019. "Quality assessment of typical common bean genotypes cultivated in temperate climate conditions and different growth locations." Scientia Horticulturae 256, no. : 108599.

Research article
Published: 30 May 2019 in PLOS ONE
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Aquaponics (AP) is a semi-closed system of food production that combines aquaculture and hydroponics and represents a new agricultural system integrating producers and consumers. The aim of this study was to test the effect of stocking densities (APL, 2.5 kg m-3; APH, 4.6 kg m-3) on water quality, growth performance of the European Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.), and yield of leafy vegetables (catalogna, lettuce, and Swiss Chard) in a low-technology AP pilot system compared to a hydroponic cultivation. The AP daily consumption of water due to evapotranspiration was not different among treatments with an average value of 8.2 L d-1, equal to 1.37% of the total water content of the system. Dissolved oxygen was significantly (p < 0.05) different among treatments with the lowest median value recorded with the highest stocking density of fish (5.6 mg L-1) and the highest median value in the hydroponic control (8.7 mg L-1). Marketable yield of the vegetables was significantly different among treatments with the highest production in the hydroponic control for catalogna (1.2 kg m-2) and in the APL treatment for Swiss Chard (5.3 kg m-2). The yield of lettuce did not differ significantly between hydroponic control and APL system (4.0 kg m-2 on average). The lowest production of vegetables was obtained in the APH system. The final weight (515 g vs. 413 g for APL and APH, respectively), specific growth rate (0.79% d-1 vs. 0.68% d-1), and feed conversion (1.55 vs. 1.86) of European Carp decreased when stocking density increased, whereas total yield of biomass was higher in the APH system (4.45 kg m-3 vs. 6.88 kg m-3). A low mortality (3% on average) was observed in both AP treatments. Overall, the results showed that a low initial stocking density at 2.5 kg m-3 improved the production of European Carp and of leafy vegetables by maintaining a better water quality in the tested AP system.

ACS Style

Carmelo Maucieri; Carlo Nicoletto; Giampaolo Zanin; Marco Birolo; Angela Trocino; Paolo Sambo; Maurizio Borin; Gerolamo Xiccato. Effect of stocking density of fish on water quality and growth performance of European Carp and leafy vegetables in a low-tech aquaponic system. PLOS ONE 2019, 14, e0217561 .

AMA Style

Carmelo Maucieri, Carlo Nicoletto, Giampaolo Zanin, Marco Birolo, Angela Trocino, Paolo Sambo, Maurizio Borin, Gerolamo Xiccato. Effect of stocking density of fish on water quality and growth performance of European Carp and leafy vegetables in a low-tech aquaponic system. PLOS ONE. 2019; 14 (5):e0217561.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Carmelo Maucieri; Carlo Nicoletto; Giampaolo Zanin; Marco Birolo; Angela Trocino; Paolo Sambo; Maurizio Borin; Gerolamo Xiccato. 2019. "Effect of stocking density of fish on water quality and growth performance of European Carp and leafy vegetables in a low-tech aquaponic system." PLOS ONE 14, no. 5: e0217561.

Chapter
Published: 31 March 2019 in Plant Health Under Biotic Stress
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Biotic stresses are one of the most important factor that have a substantial effect on crop growth and development and, finally, responsible for enormous losses of crop yield. Worldwide crop yield is reduced of about 25% due to diseases and insect infestation. Within different crops, worldwide vegetable production and consumption are constantly growing as a result of countless findings that attest their beneficial health properties. The quality target is an aspect that is increasingly considered within productions destined for modern consumption. This objective can be pursued through the improvement of one or more quality attributes. This issue seems to be very complex if we consider the relevant differences that characterize the vegetable production industry starting from crops, genetics, commodities, pedoclimatic conditions, agronomic and technical points of view. Biotic stresses can play a double role in conditioning vegetable quality with positive or negative consequences. Considering the complex modes of stress signaling by the plant, secondary metabolism is greatly affected by the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), hormonal components, and enzymatic activity. It is easy to assume that the effect of biotic stress is negative for product quality, but in some cases there is a potential utility of these metabolites for the consumer health. Paradoxically, the presence of stress during the cultivation of some species can be a crop extra value under the health profile. This chapter will seek to provide some guidance on the relationship between vegetables and biotic stresses, highlighting the consequences of biotic stress, the possible impact on the quality of vegetable crops, and some possible solutions.

ACS Style

Carlo Nicoletto; Carmelo Maucieri; Giampaolo Zanin; Fabio Vianello; Paolo Sambo. Vegetables Quality and Biotic Stress. Plant Health Under Biotic Stress 2019, 107 -128.

AMA Style

Carlo Nicoletto, Carmelo Maucieri, Giampaolo Zanin, Fabio Vianello, Paolo Sambo. Vegetables Quality and Biotic Stress. Plant Health Under Biotic Stress. 2019; ():107-128.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Carlo Nicoletto; Carmelo Maucieri; Giampaolo Zanin; Fabio Vianello; Paolo Sambo. 2019. "Vegetables Quality and Biotic Stress." Plant Health Under Biotic Stress , no. : 107-128.

Journal article
Published: 22 February 2019 in Agronomy
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The application of cytokinins is a good tool to promote axillary buds in many species, but plant decapitation or leaf cut-back are also suitable methods. This research aims to establish a strategy for artichoke cutting production using a combination of chemical and mechanical treatments. Two experiments were conducted in Tunisia to investigate the effect of 6-benzylamino purine (BAP) on shoot outgrowth in globe artichoke combined with the leaf cut-back at collar level one week after BAP treatment. The first trial was tested in a spring offshoot nursery and the second one in a field of micro-propagated mother plants grown for two years. Five treatments were tested in both experiments: BAP 0 ppm + no cut-back (T1), BAP 0, 100, 200, and 300 ppm + cut-back (T2, T3, T4, and T5 respectively). Regarding growth aspects, the highest number of offshoots was obtained in T4 for both trials with an increase of 49.2% and 37.8% compared to T2 nursery and field values, respectively. T4 also showed a faster rhythm of shoot emission and the biggest shoot size compared to the other treatments. Significant interactions between BAP treatments and offshoot size were recorded for morphological and weight parameters. Regarding the offshoot mineral composition, relevant differences were observed among BAP treatments; moreover, the higher BAP concentrations induced a significant decrease of NaCl plant uptake. Therefore, the combination of BAP 200 ppm and the leaf cut-back could be a potential method to enlarge the cutting production of globe artichoke also reducing some stressful conditions.

ACS Style

Jouhaina Riahi; Carlo Nicoletto; Ghaith Bouzaein; Mohamed Haj Ibrahim; Ismail Ghezal; Paolo Sambo; Karima Kouki Khalfallah. Optimization of Offshoot Outgrowth in Globe Artichoke Using a Combination of Chemical and Mechanical Treatments. Agronomy 2019, 9, 104 .

AMA Style

Jouhaina Riahi, Carlo Nicoletto, Ghaith Bouzaein, Mohamed Haj Ibrahim, Ismail Ghezal, Paolo Sambo, Karima Kouki Khalfallah. Optimization of Offshoot Outgrowth in Globe Artichoke Using a Combination of Chemical and Mechanical Treatments. Agronomy. 2019; 9 (2):104.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jouhaina Riahi; Carlo Nicoletto; Ghaith Bouzaein; Mohamed Haj Ibrahim; Ismail Ghezal; Paolo Sambo; Karima Kouki Khalfallah. 2019. "Optimization of Offshoot Outgrowth in Globe Artichoke Using a Combination of Chemical and Mechanical Treatments." Agronomy 9, no. 2: 104.

Journal article
Published: 17 May 2018 in Agronomy
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Aquaponics is a recirculating technology that combines aquaculture with hydroponics. It allows nutrients from fish waste to feed plants and thus saves water and nutrients. However, there is a mismatch between the nutrients provided by the fish waste and plant needs. Because of this, some nutrients, notably N, tend to accumulate in the aquaponic water (APW or AP water). The aim of this study was to investigate how APW, which is depleted of P and K but still rich in N, could be further utilized. APW was used in a mesocosm and compared with APW from the same source that had been supplemented with macro-nutrients (complemented AP water or CAPW) and a hydroponic control (HC). Mizuna (M) and rocket salad (R) were used as short-cycle vegetable crops in a NFT system. The results revealed that the low production potential of APW was mainly caused by the lack of P and K. If these were supplemented, the yields were comparable to those in the HC. M yield in CAPW was significantly higher than that of HC, probably due to biostimulant effects connected to the organic components in the water as a result of fish farming. Water type, cultivation density, and intercropping significantly influenced the qualitative characteristics of the crop in terms of antioxidant compounds and minerals. Nitrate content in vegetables was lower than European regulation limits. The extended use of APW is viable if the missing nutrients are supplemented; this could be a strategy to increase the efficiency of water and nitrogen use, while further reducing environmental impact.

ACS Style

Carlo Nicoletto; Carmelo Maucieri; Alex Mathis; Zala Schmautz; Tamás Kömives; Paolo Sambo; Ranka Junge. Extension of Aquaponic Water Use for NFT Baby-Leaf Production: Mizuna and Rocket Salad. Agronomy 2018, 8, 75 .

AMA Style

Carlo Nicoletto, Carmelo Maucieri, Alex Mathis, Zala Schmautz, Tamás Kömives, Paolo Sambo, Ranka Junge. Extension of Aquaponic Water Use for NFT Baby-Leaf Production: Mizuna and Rocket Salad. Agronomy. 2018; 8 (5):75.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Carlo Nicoletto; Carmelo Maucieri; Alex Mathis; Zala Schmautz; Tamás Kömives; Paolo Sambo; Ranka Junge. 2018. "Extension of Aquaponic Water Use for NFT Baby-Leaf Production: Mizuna and Rocket Salad." Agronomy 8, no. 5: 75.

Journal article
Published: 24 September 2017 in Agronomy
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In Tunisia, globe artichoke is mainly propagated by underground dormant axillary buds (ovoli), which are removed from the field in August during the quiescence period. The high cost of in vitro-plants and the absence of specialized nurseries were among the reasons for the rise of heterogeneity and spread of diseases. The aim was to help farmers to improve artichoke yield and quality by ameliorating their vegetative propagation technique with low cost methods. Three plant cuttings management methods were tested: summer ovoli (T0); spring offshoots nursery’s cuttings forced to pass a vegetative rest period by stopping irrigation (T1); and offshoots nursery’s cuttings not forced (T2). The cuttings management can affect both yield and qualitative traits of artichoke. T1 nursery plants produced the heaviest primary heads, 7% and 23% higher than T2 and T0, respectively. T1 plants exhibited the highest yield during the harvest season, with +17.7% and +12.2% compared to T0 and T2, respectively. T0 and T1 showed the highest total antioxidant capacity and inulin content; the propagation method also affected the short-chain sugars ratio. T1 is a viable and sustainable alternative to the traditional one that does not heavily impact on growing costs and improves yield and quality of artichoke.

ACS Style

Jouhaina Riahi; Carlo Nicoletto; Ghaith Bouzaein; Paolo Sambo; Karima Kouki Khalfallah. Effect of Vegetative Propagation Materials on Globe Artichoke Production in Semi-Arid Developing Countries: Agronomic, Marketable and Qualitative Traits. Agronomy 2017, 7, 65 .

AMA Style

Jouhaina Riahi, Carlo Nicoletto, Ghaith Bouzaein, Paolo Sambo, Karima Kouki Khalfallah. Effect of Vegetative Propagation Materials on Globe Artichoke Production in Semi-Arid Developing Countries: Agronomic, Marketable and Qualitative Traits. Agronomy. 2017; 7 (4):65.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jouhaina Riahi; Carlo Nicoletto; Ghaith Bouzaein; Paolo Sambo; Karima Kouki Khalfallah. 2017. "Effect of Vegetative Propagation Materials on Globe Artichoke Production in Semi-Arid Developing Countries: Agronomic, Marketable and Qualitative Traits." Agronomy 7, no. 4: 65.

Journal article
Published: 23 September 2017 in Agronomy
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This paper reports the results of the first study of an aquaponic system for Pangasianodon hypophthalmus production that uses Lactuca sativa L. (lettuce) and Cichorium intybus L. rubifolium group (red chicory) intercropping in the hydroponic section. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at the Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Wädenswil, Switzerland, using nine small-scale aquaponic systems (each approximately 400 L), with the nutrient film technique (NFT). The intercropping of vegetables did not influence the water temperature, pH, electric conductivity (EC), oxidation–reduction potential, nor O2 content. Intercropping with red chicory increased the lettuce sugar content (+16.0% and +25.3% for glucose and fructose, respectively) and reduced the lettuce caffeic acid content (−16.8%). In regards to bitter taste compounds (sesquiterpene lactones), intercropping reduced the concentrations of dihydro-lactucopicrin + lactucopicrin (−42.0%) in lettuce, and dihydro-lactucopicrin + lactucopicrin (−22.0%) and 8-deoxy–lactucin + dihydro-lactucopicrin oxalate (−18.7%) in red chicory, whereas dihydro-lactucin content increased (+40.6%) in red chicory in regards to monoculture. A significantly higher organic nitrogen content was found in the lettuce (3.9%) than in the red chicory biomass (3.4%), following the intercropping treatment. Anion and cation contents in vegetables were affected by species (Cl−, NO3−, PO43−, SO42−, and Ca2+), intercropping (K+ and Mg2+), and species × intercropping interactions (NO2− and NH4+). Experimental treatments (monoculture vs intercropping and distance from NFT inlet) did not exert significant effects on leaf SPAD (index of relative chlorophyll content) values, whereas the red coloration of the plants increased from the inlet to the outlet of the NFT channel. Intercropping of lettuce and red chicory affected the typical taste of these vegetables by increasing the sweetness of lettuce and changing the ratio among bitter taste compounds in red chicory. These results suggest intercropping as a possible solution for improving vegetable quality in aquaponics. Although the results are interesting, they have been obtained in a relatively short period, thus investigations for longer periods are necessary to confirm these findings. Further studies are also needed to corroborate the positive effect of the presence of red chicory in the system on fish production parameters.

ACS Style

Carmelo Maucieri; Carlo Nicoletto; Zala Schmautz; Paolo Sambo; Tamas Komives; Maurizio Borin; Ranka Junge. Vegetable Intercropping in a Small-Scale Aquaponic System. Agronomy 2017, 7, 63 .

AMA Style

Carmelo Maucieri, Carlo Nicoletto, Zala Schmautz, Paolo Sambo, Tamas Komives, Maurizio Borin, Ranka Junge. Vegetable Intercropping in a Small-Scale Aquaponic System. Agronomy. 2017; 7 (4):63.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Carmelo Maucieri; Carlo Nicoletto; Zala Schmautz; Paolo Sambo; Tamas Komives; Maurizio Borin; Ranka Junge. 2017. "Vegetable Intercropping in a Small-Scale Aquaponic System." Agronomy 7, no. 4: 63.

Comparative study
Published: 18 August 2017 in Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture
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The European Union (EU) market for sweet potato is small but is growing considerably and and has increased by 100% over the last 5 years. The cultivation of sweet potato in temperate climate conditions has not considered extensively and could be a new opportunity for the EU market. Healthy and qualitative traits of different sweet potato cultivars grown in temperate climate conditions were evaluated in accordance with four cooking methods. Traditional cultivars showed high hardness and adhesiveness values. The highest concentrations of sugars (especially maltose) and phenolic acids (caffeic and chlorogenic) were found in samples treated by boiling and steaming. High antioxidant activity was found in fried potatoes. Qualitative traits of sweet potatoes treated by microwaves did not report any significant variation compared to the control. Traditional and new sweet potato cultivars can be cultivated in temperate climate conditions and show interesting qualitative properties, especially as a result of the presence of antioxidant compounds. Concerning global quality, colored varieties expressed a better profile than traditional Italian ones and they are suitable for the European market, giving new opportunities for consumers and producers. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry

ACS Style

Carlo Nicoletto; Fabio Vianello; Paolo Sambo. Effect of different home‐cooking methods on textural and nutritional properties of sweet potato genotypes grown in temperate climate conditions. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 2017, 98, 574 -581.

AMA Style

Carlo Nicoletto, Fabio Vianello, Paolo Sambo. Effect of different home‐cooking methods on textural and nutritional properties of sweet potato genotypes grown in temperate climate conditions. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 2017; 98 (2):574-581.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Carlo Nicoletto; Fabio Vianello; Paolo Sambo. 2017. "Effect of different home‐cooking methods on textural and nutritional properties of sweet potato genotypes grown in temperate climate conditions." Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 98, no. 2: 574-581.