Multi-step traffic forecasting has always been extremely challenging due to constantly changing traffic conditions. Advanced Graph Convolutional Networks (GCNs) are widely used to extract spatial information from traffic networks. Existing GCNs for traffic forecasting are usually shallow networks that only aggregate two- or three-order node neighbor information. Because of aggregating deeper neighborhood information, an over-smoothing phenomenon occurs, thus leading to the degradation of model forecast performance. In addition, most existing traffic forecasting graph networks are based on fixed nodes and therefore need more flexibility. Based on the current problem, we propose Dynamic Adaptive Deeper Spatio-Temporal Graph Convolutional Networks (ADSTGCN), a new traffic forecasting model. The model addresses over-smoothing due to network deepening by using dynamic hidden layer connections and adaptively adjusting the hidden layer weights to reduce model degradation. Furthermore, the model can adaptively learn the spatial dependencies in the traffic graph by building the parameter-sharing adaptive matrix, and it can also adaptively adjust the network structure to discover the unknown dynamic changes in the traffic network. We evaluated ADSTGCN using real-world traffic data from the highway and urban road networks, and it shows good performance.

Traffic prediction is a popular research topic in the field of Intelligent Transportation System (ITS), as it can allocate resources more reasonably, relieve traffic congestion, and improve road traffic efficiency. Graph neural networks are widely used in traffic prediction because they are good at dealing with complex nonlinear structures. Existing traffic prediction studies use distance-based graphs to represent spatial relationships, which ignores the deep connections between non-adjacent spatio-temporal information. The use of a simple approach to fuse spatio-temporal information is not conducive to obtaining long-term deep spatio-temporal dependencies. Therefore, we propose a new deep learning model Multi-Stage Spatio-Temporal Fusion Diffusion Graph Convolutional Network (MFDGCN). It generates multiple static and dynamic spatio-temporal association graphs to enhance features and adopts the multi-stage hybrid spatio-temporal fusion method. This promotes the effective fusion of a spatio-temporal multimodal and uses the diffuse convolution method to model the graph structure and time series in traffic prediction, respectively. The model can better predict both long and short-term traffic simultaneously. We evaluated MFDGCN using real road network traffic data and it shows good performance.