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Quarantining at home during the COVID-19 pandemic significantly restricted human mobility such as visits to parks, grocery stores, workplaces, retail places, and transit stations. In this research, we analyzed how the changes in human mobility during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, from February to April 2020 (i.e., between 17 February and 30 April 2020), affected the daily CO2 emissions for countries having a high number of coronavirus cases at that time. Our daily time-series analyses indicated that when average hours spent at home increased, the amount of daily CO2 emissions declined significantly. The findings suggest that for all three countries (the US, India, and France), a 1% increase in the average duration spent in residential areas reduced daily CO2 emissions by 0.17 Mt, 0.10 Mt, and 0.01 Mt, respectively, during the first wave period. Thus, confining people into their homes contributes to cutting down CO2 emissions remarkably. However, the study also reveals those activities such as visiting parks and going grocery shopping increase CO2 emissions, suggesting that unnecessary human mobility is undesirable for the environment.
Kentaka Aruga; Monirul Islam; Arifa Jannat. Does Staying at Home during the COVID-19 Pandemic Help Reduce CO2 Emissions? Sustainability 2021, 13, 8534 .
AMA StyleKentaka Aruga, Monirul Islam, Arifa Jannat. Does Staying at Home during the COVID-19 Pandemic Help Reduce CO2 Emissions? Sustainability. 2021; 13 (15):8534.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKentaka Aruga; Monirul Islam; Arifa Jannat. 2021. "Does Staying at Home during the COVID-19 Pandemic Help Reduce CO2 Emissions?" Sustainability 13, no. 15: 8534.
This study applied a discrete choice experiment using best-worst scaling questions (multi-profile, BWS case 3) to estimate the trade-offs which a sample of the Polish population is willing to make for energy reform regarding carbon reduction. Attributes considered in the study are CO2 emissions reduction, National energy independence, Employment impact, Time needed for policy transition, and Impact on household energy prices. Respondents (n = 639) choose the best and worst of the presented policy options to fit a rank-ordered logit model. This study reveals concern about climate change among respondents, but that they prioritize energy prices and employment in their choice of preferred energy policy with significant variation across groups. A key distinction is revealed in the preferences by age cohort in which youngest (<25years old) respondents had the strongest WTP coefficients, particularly for CO2 and time to transition. Stronger and more urgent desires for CO2 reduction policies were also identified among the decisions of female respondents, those having more education, those without children, and middle and upper income groups. The respondents’ choices also revealed consistent loss aversion in all attributes presented in the choice experiment.
Kentaka Aruga; Timothy Bolt; Przemysław Pest. Energy policy trade-offs in Poland: A best-worst scaling discrete choice experiment. Energy Policy 2021, 156, 112465 .
AMA StyleKentaka Aruga, Timothy Bolt, Przemysław Pest. Energy policy trade-offs in Poland: A best-worst scaling discrete choice experiment. Energy Policy. 2021; 156 ():112465.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKentaka Aruga; Timothy Bolt; Przemysław Pest. 2021. "Energy policy trade-offs in Poland: A best-worst scaling discrete choice experiment." Energy Policy 156, no. : 112465.
This study examines whether the dynamic relationship between the Chinese and international fossil markets changed during the 2008 financial crisis and is changing during the COVID-19 pandemic. The impact of the crises are analyzed by including the periods affected by the crises as dummy variables in the VAR and VECM models. Monthly data for the 2000:1–2020:12 period were used in the study. Our results suggest that the effects of the COVID-19 on the linkages between the Chinese and international fossil fuel markets are not as evident compared to the 2008 financial crisis. The study identifies that the effects of the 2008 financial crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic on the linkages are mostly driven by the impacts of these crises on the Chinese fossil fuel markets. The study indicates the importance of controlling the risk involved in the Chinese fossil fuel market when events like the 2008 financial crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic are changing the linkages between the Chinese and international fossil fuel markets.
Chaofeng Tang; Kentaka Aruga. Effects of the 2008 Financial Crisis and COVID-19 Pandemic on the Dynamic Relationship between the Chinese and International Fossil Fuel Markets. Journal of Risk and Financial Management 2021, 14, 207 .
AMA StyleChaofeng Tang, Kentaka Aruga. Effects of the 2008 Financial Crisis and COVID-19 Pandemic on the Dynamic Relationship between the Chinese and International Fossil Fuel Markets. Journal of Risk and Financial Management. 2021; 14 (5):207.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChaofeng Tang; Kentaka Aruga. 2021. "Effects of the 2008 Financial Crisis and COVID-19 Pandemic on the Dynamic Relationship between the Chinese and International Fossil Fuel Markets." Journal of Risk and Financial Management 14, no. 5: 207.
The study identifies the impact of the changes in human mobility due to the announcement of the state of emergency to cope with the COVID-19 pandemic on the Tokyo gasoline, diesel, and kerosene markets. Indices reflecting the movements in the visits to transit stations and workplaces were used to capture the changes in human mobility from February 2020 to February 2021. The linear and nonlinear ARDL (NARDL) models were applied to investigate the relationship between the changes in human mobility indices and fuel prices. Although only the kerosene price received an impact from the human mobility changes in the linear ARDL model, the NARDL model revealed that when human mobility was increasing, the fuel price was affected positively and the negative shocks in the mobility had an adverse influence on the fuel price. The results of the study imply the importance of providing subsidies when a state of emergency reduces fuel demands due to the decline in human mobility and negatively affects the fuel retail industry.
Kentaka Aruga. Changes in Human Mobility under the COVID-19 Pandemic and the Tokyo Fuel Market. Journal of Risk and Financial Management 2021, 14, 163 .
AMA StyleKentaka Aruga. Changes in Human Mobility under the COVID-19 Pandemic and the Tokyo Fuel Market. Journal of Risk and Financial Management. 2021; 14 (4):163.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKentaka Aruga. 2021. "Changes in Human Mobility under the COVID-19 Pandemic and the Tokyo Fuel Market." Journal of Risk and Financial Management 14, no. 4: 163.
The present research analyzes the potential economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on South Asian economies using a systematic review approach. The cause-effect relationship framework showed that the outbreak of COVID-19 slowed down the gross domestic product (GDP) along with major economic sectors and indicators in the South Asian economies. The short and long-run predicted scenario showed that, compared to the agriculture sector, the service and manufacturing sectors will be affected more seriously in all South Asian countries. It was found that governments in the region are trying their best to adopt and implement expansionary fiscal strategies to combat this situation. Many countries have included farmers and allied workers in the government’s support system to utilize resources. In order to maintain the balance of international trade, the import and export of essential items must be given special support. To cope with this situation, governments can invest money from different autonomous institutions to expand Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSME). The findings of this research will be helpful for policy planners to formulate appropriate programs for short and long-run demands, along with economic and fiscal policies to sustain and revive the economic activity in South Asia.
Monirul Islam; Arifa Jannat; Dewan Al Rafi; Kentaka Aruga. Potential Economic Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on South Asian Economies: A Review. World 2020, 1, 283 -301.
AMA StyleMonirul Islam, Arifa Jannat, Dewan Al Rafi, Kentaka Aruga. Potential Economic Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on South Asian Economies: A Review. World. 2020; 1 (3):283-301.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMonirul Islam; Arifa Jannat; Dewan Al Rafi; Kentaka Aruga. 2020. "Potential Economic Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on South Asian Economies: A Review." World 1, no. 3: 283-301.
The COVID-19 pandemic storm has struck the world economies and energy markets with extreme strength. The goal of our study is to assess how the pandemic has influenced oil and gas prices, using energy market reactions in the United States and Japan. To investigate the impact of the COVID-19 cases on the crude oil and natural gas markets, we applied the Auto-Regressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) approach to the number of the US and Japanese COVID-19 cases and energy prices. Our study period is from 21 January 2020 to 2 June 2020, and uses the latest data available at the time of model calibration and captures the so-called “first pandemic wave.” In the US, the COVID-19 pandemic had a statistically negative impact on the crude oil price while it positively affected the gas price. In Japan, this negative impact was only apparent in the crude oil market with a two-day lag. Possible explanations of the results may include differences in pandemic development in the US and Japan, and the diverse roles both countries have in energy markets.
Honorata Nyga-Łukaszewska; Kentaka Aruga. Energy Prices and COVID-Immunity: The Case of Crude Oil and Natural Gas Prices in the US and Japan. Energies 2020, 13, 6300 .
AMA StyleHonorata Nyga-Łukaszewska, Kentaka Aruga. Energy Prices and COVID-Immunity: The Case of Crude Oil and Natural Gas Prices in the US and Japan. Energies. 2020; 13 (23):6300.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHonorata Nyga-Łukaszewska; Kentaka Aruga. 2020. "Energy Prices and COVID-Immunity: The Case of Crude Oil and Natural Gas Prices in the US and Japan." Energies 13, no. 23: 6300.
The Chinese liquid natural gas (LNG) import price has been unstable because the stability of LNG import prices is related to changes in the exchange rates. This paper analyzes the pass-through rate of the Chinese Yuan (CNY) and Japanese Yen (JPY) on the Chinese LNG import price. The Time-Varying Parameter vector autoregressive (TVP-VAR) model is adopted to verify the pass-through rate of the exchange rates on the LNG import price using the Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method. Since September 2005, the JPY pass-through rate on the Chinese LNG import price has been decreasing while that of the CNY has been increasing. Notably, the pass-through rate of CNY began to exceed that of JPY after 2008. Moreover, since 2005, the lag effect of the CNY on the Chinese LNG import price became longer compared to JPY. If any new currency reform of the CNY is implemented in the future, then the impact of JPY on the Chinese LNG import price could be reduced and the lag effect of the CNY on the Chinese LNG import price could become longer. Therefore, the fluctuation of the CNY is becoming an important factor in understanding the movements of the Chinese LNG import price. This implies the significance of considering the effect of the exchange rate on an energy market when the market is influenced by a monetary reform of the importing country.
Chaofeng Tang; Kentaka Aruga. A Study on the Pass-Through Rate of the Exchange Rate on the Liquid Natural Gas (LNG) Import Price in China. International Journal of Financial Studies 2020, 8, 70 .
AMA StyleChaofeng Tang, Kentaka Aruga. A Study on the Pass-Through Rate of the Exchange Rate on the Liquid Natural Gas (LNG) Import Price in China. International Journal of Financial Studies. 2020; 8 (4):70.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChaofeng Tang; Kentaka Aruga. 2020. "A Study on the Pass-Through Rate of the Exchange Rate on the Liquid Natural Gas (LNG) Import Price in China." International Journal of Financial Studies 8, no. 4: 70.
This study investigated the validity of using a Likert-type environmental awareness index to predict an individual’s altruism level by comparing models identifying how respondents’ demographical characteristics (age, income, education, gender, etc.), degree of political and social awareness, and attitudes toward donation influence the environmental awareness index and the self-report altruism scale (SRAS). Using survey data from a sample of Japanese respondents, the study revealed a bidirectional relationship between environmental awareness and SRAS indices. Furthermore, through examining the effects of respondents’ demographical characteristics and other characteristics on the environmental awareness and SRAS indices, the study identifies that the directions of the influences of these covariates on the indices were all similar when their estimated coefficients were statistically significant. Hence, the study reveals that the environmental awareness index does capture the characteristics of the SRAS index.
Kentaka Aruga. Is Environmental Awareness a Good Predictor of an Individual’s Altruism Level? Sustainability 2020, 12, 7929 .
AMA StyleKentaka Aruga. Is Environmental Awareness a Good Predictor of an Individual’s Altruism Level? Sustainability. 2020; 12 (19):7929.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKentaka Aruga. 2020. "Is Environmental Awareness a Good Predictor of an Individual’s Altruism Level?" Sustainability 12, no. 19: 7929.
In the aftermath of disasters, affected regions typically collect donations to restore and rebuild from the damage. This paper investigates how Japanese consumer decisions about donating to disaster-affected regions through food consumption is influenced by altruism as well as the consumer’s trust in the regional government and connection to the disaster-affected region. Incorporating a psychometric altruism index into a discrete choice experiment, this study finds that altruism might play an important role in motivating people to donate to disaster regions. The study also reveals that both trust in the government and bond with an affected region, such as being a fan of the culture, leads to an inclination to donate even to foreign disasters. This suggests that the disaster regions can obtain more recovery donations from foreign sources if they draw cultural interest from abroad and have established trust in the government.
Kentaka Aruga; Timothy Bolt. Is the willingness to support disaster regions through consumption related to altruism? A discrete choice experiment. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction 2020, 50, 101876 .
AMA StyleKentaka Aruga, Timothy Bolt. Is the willingness to support disaster regions through consumption related to altruism? A discrete choice experiment. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction. 2020; 50 ():101876.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKentaka Aruga; Timothy Bolt. 2020. "Is the willingness to support disaster regions through consumption related to altruism? A discrete choice experiment." International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction 50, no. : 101876.
The study determined whether consumers informed about radiation have a higher willingness to buy (WTB) bottled water from regions near the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (Fukushima Daiichi). The study also investigated what types of radiation knowledge are effective in mitigating negative images about bottled water from these regions. We found that consumers with radiation knowledge have a higher WTB than those uninformed about radiation, and some types of radiation knowledge have a positive effect on WTB. Our study indicates the importance of enhancing radiation knowledge to improve WTB bottled water from regions near the Fukushima Daiichi.
Kentaka Aruga. Radiation knowledge and willingness to buy bottled water from regions near the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant. Water International 2020, 45, 812 -823.
AMA StyleKentaka Aruga. Radiation knowledge and willingness to buy bottled water from regions near the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant. Water International. 2020; 45 (7-8):812-823.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKentaka Aruga. 2020. "Radiation knowledge and willingness to buy bottled water from regions near the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant." Water International 45, no. 7-8: 812-823.
Just after the Indian government issued the first lockdown rule to cope with the increasing number of COVID-19 cases in March 2020, the energy consumption in India plummeted dramatically. However, as the lockdown relaxed, energy consumption started to recover. In this study, we investigated how COVID-19 cases affected Indian energy consumption during the COVID-19 crisis by testing if the lockdown release had a positive impact on energy consumption and if richer regions were quicker to recover their energy consumption to the level before the lockdown. Using the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model, the study reveals that a long-run relationship holds between the COVID-19 cases and energy consumption and that the COVID-19 cases have a positive effect on Indian energy consumption. This result indicates that as lockdown relaxed, energy consumption started to recover. However, such a positive impact was not apparent in the Eastern and North-Eastern regions, which are the poorest regions among the five regions investigated in the study. This implies that poorer regions need special aid and policy to recover their economy from the damage suffered from the COVID-19 crisis.
Kentaka Aruga; Monirul Islam; Arifa Jannat. Effects of COVID-19 on Indian Energy Consumption. Sustainability 2020, 12, 5616 .
AMA StyleKentaka Aruga, Monirul Islam, Arifa Jannat. Effects of COVID-19 on Indian Energy Consumption. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (14):5616.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKentaka Aruga; Monirul Islam; Arifa Jannat. 2020. "Effects of COVID-19 on Indian Energy Consumption." Sustainability 12, no. 14: 5616.
Energy security is one of the most intensely debated topics. Majority of papers treat the issue from the hydrocarbon market perspective, but this research focuses on the coal market broken into two specific market segments: heating and electricity production. Using the case of Poland as an example, we conduct a cointegration analysis between the coal and natural gas markets. The study uses monthly data from 2011 until the beginning of 2019. Our results show that the Polish electricity sector is more connected to the international coal market than it is to the natural gas market, while the heating sector, despite using insignificant quantities of imported coal, is more connected to the natural gas market. Hence, energy security—in its price dimension—in those two market segments differs. This situation has important policy implications. First, energy policy should take this difference into account, and second, such variation implies that different market tools should be used in those market segments.
Honorata Nyga-Łukaszewska; Kentaka Aruga; Katarzyna Stala-Szlugaj. Energy Security of Poland and Coal Supply: Price Analysis. Sustainability 2020, 12, 2541 .
AMA StyleHonorata Nyga-Łukaszewska, Kentaka Aruga, Katarzyna Stala-Szlugaj. Energy Security of Poland and Coal Supply: Price Analysis. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (6):2541.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHonorata Nyga-Łukaszewska; Kentaka Aruga; Katarzyna Stala-Szlugaj. 2020. "Energy Security of Poland and Coal Supply: Price Analysis." Sustainability 12, no. 6: 2541.
This study analyzes the dynamics of the linkages among costs of electricity generation via crude oil, natural gas, and coal for the periods before and after the Fukushima accident. We find that Markov regime switching in the cost spreads between the fossil fuels has become more frequent after the Fukushima accident. Johansen and Bierens–Martins cointegration tests also indicate that since the accident, the oil and gas relationship has become more evident, while the cost relationships between coal and other fossil fuels have weakened. These results might reflect changes in Japanese energy policy since the accident to promote LNG and compensate for the reduced energy supply from closing the nuclear power plants, while concurrently coping to meet the requirements of the Paris Agreement to reduce CO2 emissions.
Kentaka Aruga. Analyzing the condition of Japanese electricity cost linkages by fossil fuel sources after the Fukushima disaster. Energy Transitions 2020, 4, 91 -100.
AMA StyleKentaka Aruga. Analyzing the condition of Japanese electricity cost linkages by fossil fuel sources after the Fukushima disaster. Energy Transitions. 2020; 4 (1):91-100.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKentaka Aruga. 2020. "Analyzing the condition of Japanese electricity cost linkages by fossil fuel sources after the Fukushima disaster." Energy Transitions 4, no. 1: 91-100.
Kentaka Aruga; Sudha Kannan. Effects of the 2008 financial crisis on the linkages among the oil, gold, and platinum markets. Cogent Economics & Finance 2020, 8, 1 .
AMA StyleKentaka Aruga, Sudha Kannan. Effects of the 2008 financial crisis on the linkages among the oil, gold, and platinum markets. Cogent Economics & Finance. 2020; 8 (1):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKentaka Aruga; Sudha Kannan. 2020. "Effects of the 2008 financial crisis on the linkages among the oil, gold, and platinum markets." Cogent Economics & Finance 8, no. 1: 1.
As mitigating the effects of energy consumption on the environment is a crucial issue for the Asia-Pacific region, this study investigates the energy-environmental Kuznets curve (EEKC) hypothesis among the 19 Asia-Pacific countries. The study also tests the EEKC hypothesis for the low-, middle-, and high-income groups of the region. The panel regression and cointegration models are used for this purpose. Our test results of both models suggest that the EEKC hypothesis holds for the whole Asia-Pacific region. However, the test performed on the three different income groups revealed that the hypothesis only holds for the high-income group. The hypothesis was not apparent for the low- and middle-income groups. This indicates that the transition in the energy consumption along the EEKC is only occurring in the developed countries of the Asia-Pacific region and the developed countries need to support the developing countries to achieve economic growth along the EEKC.
Kentaka Aruga. Investigating the Energy-Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis for the Asia-Pacific Region. Sustainability 2019, 11, 2395 .
AMA StyleKentaka Aruga. Investigating the Energy-Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis for the Asia-Pacific Region. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (8):2395.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKentaka Aruga. 2019. "Investigating the Energy-Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis for the Asia-Pacific Region." Sustainability 11, no. 8: 2395.
This study investigates consumer perceptions toward seafood produced from regions near the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP). It applies probit and latent class analyses on consumer survey data for tuna fish and wakame seaweed from regions near the FDNPP. We find consumers who perceive a high risk of radioactive contamination of food, have children, and a higher level of academic achievement tend to react negatively toward buying seafood from regions near the FDNPP. However, elderly individuals and those sensitive to environmental issues respond positively toward such seafood. The latent class analysis revealed a consumer group that enthusiastically supports the disaster-affected region and has a higher willingness to buy products from the region. The results provide valuable information to help alleviate the economic effects resulting from negative perceptions toward seafood from these regions.
Kentaka Aruga; Hiroki Wakamatsu. Consumer Perceptions toward Seafood Produced near the Fukushima Nuclear Plant. Marine Resource Economics 2018, 33, 373 -386.
AMA StyleKentaka Aruga, Hiroki Wakamatsu. Consumer Perceptions toward Seafood Produced near the Fukushima Nuclear Plant. Marine Resource Economics. 2018; 33 (4):373-386.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKentaka Aruga; Hiroki Wakamatsu. 2018. "Consumer Perceptions toward Seafood Produced near the Fukushima Nuclear Plant." Marine Resource Economics 33, no. 4: 373-386.
In this chapter, I would like to explain the consumer reaction toward buying rice, cucumbers, apples, raw shiitake mushrooms, livestock products (beef, pork, chicken, eggs), seafood products (tuna fish and wakame seaweed), and mineral water from regions near the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP). These agricultural products are chosen because they have relatively high production levels in Fukushima Prefecture. We investigate this consumer reaction by focusing on the following six factors that are likely to have an influence on the consumers’ willingness to buy.
Kentaka Aruga. Consumer Reaction and Willingness to Buy Food Produced Near the FDNPP. Consumer Reaction, Food Production and the Fukushima Disaster 2017, 43 -151.
AMA StyleKentaka Aruga. Consumer Reaction and Willingness to Buy Food Produced Near the FDNPP. Consumer Reaction, Food Production and the Fukushima Disaster. 2017; ():43-151.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKentaka Aruga. 2017. "Consumer Reaction and Willingness to Buy Food Produced Near the FDNPP." Consumer Reaction, Food Production and the Fukushima Disaster , no. : 43-151.
On March 4, 2011, a massive Tsunami surged along the Pacific coast of Tohoku region destroying the turbine building of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant (FDNPP).
Kentaka Aruga. Introduction. Consumer Reaction, Food Production and the Fukushima Disaster 2017, 1 -3.
AMA StyleKentaka Aruga. Introduction. Consumer Reaction, Food Production and the Fukushima Disaster. 2017; ():1-3.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKentaka Aruga. 2017. "Introduction." Consumer Reaction, Food Production and the Fukushima Disaster , no. : 1-3.
In this chapter, I would like to investigate whether the six factors we investigated in the previous chapter, consumers’ eating habits, perceptions of food safety, interests in social problems, attitudes toward nuclear contamination, perceptions of willingness to accept, and social attributes are causing reputation damage to regions near the FDNPP.
Kentaka Aruga. Is There Reputation Damage? Consumer Reaction, Food Production and the Fukushima Disaster 2017, 153 -159.
AMA StyleKentaka Aruga. Is There Reputation Damage? Consumer Reaction, Food Production and the Fukushima Disaster. 2017; ():153-159.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKentaka Aruga. 2017. "Is There Reputation Damage?" Consumer Reaction, Food Production and the Fukushima Disaster , no. : 153-159.
The Fukushima nuclear disaster started when the Tohoku-Pacific Ocean Earthquake hit the Tohoku and Kanto region at 14:46 JST on March 11, 2011.
Kentaka Aruga. Radiation Contamination of Agricultural Products. Consumer Reaction, Food Production and the Fukushima Disaster 2017, 5 -20.
AMA StyleKentaka Aruga. Radiation Contamination of Agricultural Products. Consumer Reaction, Food Production and the Fukushima Disaster. 2017; ():5-20.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKentaka Aruga. 2017. "Radiation Contamination of Agricultural Products." Consumer Reaction, Food Production and the Fukushima Disaster , no. : 5-20.