Chagas disease is a neglected tropical disease caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi. Benznidazole and nifurtimox are the two approved drugs for their treatment, but both drugs present side effects and efficacy problems, especially in the chronic phase of this disease. Therefore, new molecules have been tested with promising results aiming for strategic targeting action against T. cruzi. Several studies involve in vitro screening, but a considerable number of in vivo studies describe drug bioavailability increment, drug stability, toxicity assessment, and mainly the efficacy of new drugs and formulations. In this context, new drug delivery systems, such as nanotechnology systems, have been developed for these purposes. Some nanocarriers are able to interact with the immune system of the vertebrate host, modulating the immune response to the elimination of pathogenic microorganisms. In this overview of nanotechnology-based delivery strategies for established and new antichagasic agents, different strategies, and limitations of a wide class of nanocarriers are explored, as new perspectives in the treatment and monitoring of Chagas disease.

Multifunctional nanobiomaterials that combine antimicrobial activity with enhanced tissue repair is highly desirable in wound care. In this study, a low energy nanoemulsion based on rosehip and sunflower oils containing polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) was developed and characterized as a potential nano-ingredient for topical application. The formulation exhibited nanometric droplet size, low polydispersity, and good physicochemical stability, maintaining its properties under different storage conditions and across scalable production batches. Biological evaluation demonstrated antioxidant activity associated with the vegetable oils, as well as enhanced antimicrobial efficacy compared to PHMB solution. In addition, the formulation reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α) and promoted accelerated human epidermal keratinocytes migration in the wound healing assay in vitro , indicating combined anti-inflammatory and regenerative effects. Overall, the results suggest that this platform represents a promising multifunctional system for wound management, integrating antimicrobial protection with improved tissue repair.