Information is inevitable when it comes to national security. The information revolution seems to hold the massive potential to strengthen national security against current and upcoming threats and cyber-attacks. However, advancements in information accessibility possess innumerable complications for retaining stable national security. One of the preeminent information sources is social media which certainly raises information manipulation factors and destabilizes national security. To accomplish better national security plans, information technology can help countries to identify potential threats, share information securely, and protect mechanisms in them. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is one of the smart areas that robustly facilitates secure information handling to avoid threats and cyber-attacks. It intelligently scrutinizes information available to the public through social media and assists in refraining negative effects on national security. This research article widely focuses on four main analytical milestones; 1) Information available to the public 2) Information affecting national security 3) Risks of cyber-attacks 4) AI as paramount to national security for accomplishing competent information role. Our principal objective is to demystify information accessibilities perspectives for readers to understand the fundamentals of information accessibility and inaccessibility corresponding to national security. To support and manifest our milestones and objectives, Systematic Literature Review (SLR) is methodologically adapted to draw suitable conclusions and develop a farsighted model and frame of reference. This paper concludes with AI tool based categorization, algorithmic function and domain-specific analysis with area-based limitations to highlight current needs. Above all, this article is a thought-provoking kick-start for many naive social media users that usually avoid information-bearing elements and are victimized by cyber-attacks followed by national security compromises.

The spread of fake news among Arabic media including social media represents a great challenge to the integrity of information and the trust of the public in it. In this paper, we introduce a comprehensive deep-learning framework, named ArabFake, that goes beyond the binary classification on Arabic fake news detection. ArabFake, built over MARBERTv2 (a state-of-the-art model for multi-dialectal Arabic tweets), proficiently address the complexity of the Arabic language while performing three unified tasks which are fake news detection, content categorization and its risk assessment. The framework promotes efficiency and performance both by enabling multi-task learning through shared knowledge representation across tasks. In order to facilitate development and evaluation, we present the ArabFake Dataset consisting of 2,495 manually labelled news items with labels that are verified by experts regarding fake news categories and risk levels. ArabFake demonstrates robust performance, achieving an F1 score of 94.12% for fake news detection, 84.92% for categorization, and 88.91% for risk zone assessment, highlighting its reliability and effectiveness across multiple tasks. We improve interpretability and extract insight into manipulative techniques by integrating valence scoring as part of the framework that emphasizes misleading linguistic cues used to disseminate fake news within the produced image. The results show that ArabFake is a holistic Arabic fake news detection framework that has practical implications on news organizations and fact checking projects.

Purpose: This theoretical paper aims to draw on existing literature to examine the case for libraries to play a key role in the democratization of Oman. This paper is intended to provide foundation for further empirical research to develop a proposed future strategy for Oman’s library sector that will help facilitate the future political and economic transition of the Sultanate. Design/methodology/approach: This is a theoretical study that draws on existing literature to examine the case for libraries to play a key role in the democratization of Oman. Findings: There are four main ways in which public libraries support democratization are identified and discussed: providing access to information, ensuring inclusivity of knowledge, forming a community hub for interaction and dialogue and promoting social inclusion through internet access. Originality/value: As Oman undergoes political and economic transition, this study and the follow-on empirical research will be highly significant in ensuring that the expansion of democratic processes in Oman proceeds peacefully and that the Sultanate provides a best practice model for Islamic democracy within the Gulf Cooperation Council region and globally.

The framework for governance includes integrated data and citizen participation through developing Marine Spatial Data Infrastructure (MSDI) to facilitate the governance of marine resources. This paper innovates by answering how AI can improve MSDI systems to make them more efficient. Existing AI applications for integration, analysis, and decision-making in marine spatial planning are reviewed as literature. Resource management, environmental monitoring, resilience among communities, and sustainable management of oceans are promising frontiers for AI techniques (machine learning and predictive modelling). The future with AI looks optimistic because it has the potential to build more robust marine governance. However, despite these challenges, AI demonstrates promise in influencing the implementation of these approaches in marine governance and, thus, the role of AI in marine governance. This research focuses on a specific aspect of interdisciplinary collaboration in the context of resolving ethical challenges and the contextual use of AI technologies. Only, however, will such AI ever play a role as an assistant in marine governance confronted with changing environmental conditions, and ongoing research and innovation will be vital.

The COVID-19 pandemic has developed numerous complicated challenges, and it has equally opened the door to another deadly force, known as cybercrime; many reports have indicated that cyberattacks have increased by 500% since the pandemic. While many awareness campaigns are conducted, these campaigns go through many challenges to develop effectiveness, cost coverage, and sustainability. Increasing public awareness of cybersecurity can be a critical strategy in preventing cybercrime or mitigating its impact at some level. Unfortunately, young people are an essential part of the community, and they are immature to recognize the dangers of these kinds of crimes to avoid being a target by cybercriminals. Therefore, the paper's viewpoint is to reform and update the education curricula through the following two objectives: discovering the consequences of COVID-19 on children's digital lives and generating information about current cybersecurity awareness levels among post-Basic education students in Muscat. The survey was conducted in early 2021 on 265 participants from six private schools. The results show that 83% of the students were exposed to cybersecurity incidents during the pandemic, and two-thirds think cybersecurity should be integrated into school curricula. However, awareness campaigns seem limited since 77% of students did not attend or hear about them.