Urban agriculture is considered one of the cornerstones of sustainable development, acting as a “magic wand” to address challenges related to food security, energy, and environmental sustainability, especially in a city like Marrakech. The latter is facing growing issues associated with urbanization and population expansion, jeopardizing its residents’ food, economic, and energy security. This study aims to shed light on the current situation of the agricultural sector in the city of Marrakech and to identify constraints (both human and natural) affecting its agricultural sustainability. The goal is to develop agricultural solutions capable of strengthening the agricultural sector and maintaining resilience and sustainability in this red metropolis.

This study analyzes the olive tree in the Menara Garden (Marrakech) to elucidate its role in the resilience of semi-arid urban agroecosystems. By combining hyperspectral remote sensing, bioeconomic modeling, and biophysical analyses, it quantifies the ecosystem services provided by the park (100 ha, 10000 trees). The results demonstrate optimal microclimate regulation (evapotranspiration accounting for 53.21% of the water balance), significant pollutant sequestration (carbon dioxide (CO₂), ozone (O₃), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), sulfur dioxide (SO₂), particulate matter (PM)), soil stabilization, and circular valorization of 268 t/year of biomass. These performances stem from adaptive traits (adjustable stomatal conductance, phenotypic plasticity), enabling water savings of 35 ± 5%. The study proposes a framework integrating plant physiology, ecosystem services, and SDGs, advocating for urban policies refocused on green infrastructure as pillars of sustainability in semi-arid zones.

Culture plays a pivotal role in defining the identity of a region and in understanding the self- expression of its inhabitants and communities through cultural activities that shape their heritage. Cultural expressions, including festivals, concerts, and museums, are essential to the vitality and well-being of cities and regions. They enhance a place's reputation, offer economic growth prospects, and strengthen business confidence. Territorial marketing, a management strategy emphasising differentiation and competitive advantage, is crucial for effectively promoting territories. This comparative study explores the dynamic interaction between cultural heritage and territorial marketing in Morocco, focusing specifically on two prominent museums: the National Museum of Ceramics in Safi and the Water Museum Aman in Marrakech. By examining their strategic approaches, impact on heritage preservation, and influence on territorial development, the study uncovers the convergence between cultural heritage conservation and territorial marketing. The findings highlight how these museums, through their distinctive collections and educational initiatives, contribute to enhancing the image and attractiveness of their respective cities, thereby fostering territorial development. This research offers valuable insights for policymakers, cultural institutions, and urban planners seeking to leverage cultural heritage in their territorial marketing strategies, ultimately contributing to sustainable growth and improved urban appeal.