Malnutrition and overweight are significant public health challenges, especially in low- and middle-income countries. In the Amazon, high rates of malnutrition and the alarming rise of obesity highlight persistent regional inequalities. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze spatial distributions and temporal trends of malnutrition among children under five, adults, and elderly individuals in primary healthcare services across municipalities in the Legal Amazon from 2013 to 2023. Methods: This ecological study used data from the Food and Nutritional Surveillance System (SISVAN). The analysis included the prevalences of underweight, overweight, and obesity, stratified by year, sex, and federative unit. Spatial distributions were analyzed using QGIS version 3.22, and temporal trends were assessed with Joinpoint version 4.6 and expressed as annual percentage changes (APCs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). Results: Between 2013 and 2023, SISVAN monitored 10,451,758 children under five years, 30,831,720 adults, and 4,456,650 elderly individuals in the Legal Amazon. Stunting in children under five years decreased from 20.45% to 15.30%, with a significant downward trend (APC: −2.7; 95% CI: −3.7; −1.6). Childhood overweight exhibited a general downward trend but with notable fluctuations. Overweight in adults increased from 48.85% to 64.64%, and obesity from 17.10% to 28.49%, both showing significant upward trends. For the elderly, underweight decreased from 17.47% to 13.04%, with a downward trend until 2018, while overweight increased from 42.35% to 48.22%, with a significant upward trend until 2017. Conclusions: Despite progress in reducing childhood underweight, its prevalence in the Legal Amazon remains high compared to national averages. Significant regional disparities and rising overweight rates among adults and elderly individuals indicate a need for targeted public health strategies to address these nutritional issues.

Resumo Objetivo Descrever, comparativamente, as prevalências de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis, consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados, álcool e tabaco, estimadas pelo Sistema de Vigilância de Fatores de Risco e Proteção para Doenças Crônicas por Inquérito Telefônico (Vigitel) e pela Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde (PNS), em Rio Branco, Acre, Brasil. Métodos Estudo transversal, sobre dados sociodemográficos, de saúde e estilo de vida de inquéritos realizados em 2019. Foram descritas as prevalências e intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%), e calculadas as diferenças percentuais. Resultados Dos 3.037 indivíduos avaliados, observaram-se prevalências similares com diferença para pessoas de raça/cor da pele parda, entre Vigitel (60,3%; IC95% 56,2;64,3) e PNS (70,8%; IC95% 67,4;73,9). Na estratificação por sexo, diferenças percentuais entre os inquéritos foram observadas para obesidade (masculino= 6,5%; feminino= 0,4%), tabagismo (masculino= 4,0%; feminino= -1,5%) e consumo abusivo de álcool (masculino= 6,9%; feminino= -2,5%), embora com IC95% sobrepostos. Conclusão As estimativas avaliadas em ambos os inquéritos foram similares.

This study aimed to assess factors associated with overweight and obesity in adults from Rio Branco, Acre, in the western Brazilian Amazon. This is a cross-sectional, population-based study conducted in Rio Branco, which used data on individuals aged 18 years or older collected by the 2019 National Health Survey. Software R version 4.0.5 was used to estimate the prevalence of overweight and obesity, prevalence ratios, and 95% confidence intervals. Multiple analysis was performed by Poisson’s regression with robust variance and hierarchical selection of variables. This study included 1217 adults. The prevalence of overweight was 58.2% (95%CI: 54.7–61.6) and of obesity, 20.1% (95%CI: 17.2–23.4). The factors associated with overweight were arterial hypertension (AdjPR: 1.45; 95%CI: 1.31–1.61), physical inactivity (AdjPR: 1.19; 95%CI: 1.04–1.36), age group (25–39 years, AdjPR: 1.49; 95%CI: 1.10–2.00; 40–59 years, AdjPR: 1.69; 95%CI: 1.28–2.23; 60 years or older, AdjPR: 1.37; 95%CI: 1.01–1.87); and smoking (AdjPR: 0.62; 95%CI: 0.41–0.93). The factors associated with obesity were arterial hypertension (AdjPR: 1.80; 95%CI: 1.41–2.30) and diabetes mellitus (AdjPR: 1.52; 95%CI: 1.08–2.13). Smoking and female sex remained in the hierarchical model for obesity, even without statistical significance. Despite intervention guidelines for these chronic diseases, there is a need for the public recognition of overweight and obesity and their possible associated factors in the Amazon and other regions with similar socioeconomic and demographic characteristics.

This study aimed to analyze overweight trend and obesity in adults from Rio Branco, Acre, Western Brazilian Amazon, from 2006 to 2020. This is a time series study, with data from Surveillance System for Risk and Protective Factors for Chronic Diseases by Telephone Survey (VIGITEL). To estimate annual percentage change (APC) and 95% confidence intervals, the software Jointpoint Regression Analysis v.4.6.0.0., was used. In Rio Branco, overweight prevalence ranged from 44.0% in 2006 to 58.9% in 2020, with a bigger frequency among men than that among women. Obesity prevalence has increased from 12.5% in 2006 to 21.4% in 2020, similar between both sexes. From 2006 to 2020, overweight APC was 5.2% (95% CI: 1.4; 9.1) by 2010, and decreased to 1.3% by 2020. Public policies to control obesity and its risks must be both, implemented as strengthened.

(1) Background: To analyze the prevalence and factors associated with diabetes mellitus in adults and the elderly in Rio Branco, Acre, Western Brazilian Amazon. (2) Methods: The R software version 4.0.5 was used for estimating the prevalence of diabetes mellitus, odds ratios, and 95% confidence intervals. Multiple analysis was conducted through hierarchical variable selection. (3) Results: 1.095 individuals aged 18 years and older participated in this study, with 6.4% of the respondents showing prevalence of diabetes mellitus. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus was positively associated with a prior medical diagnosis of obesity (OR: 3.2; 95% CI: 1.67–6.12), dyslipidemia (OR: 4.17; 95% CI: 2.08–8.36), and increasing age (OR: 1.07; 95% CI: 1.05–1.09). Conversely, an inverse association was observed with higher education (12 or more years of study; OR: 0.20; 95% CI: 0.07–0.61). (4) Conclusions: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus in the municipality of Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil, has significantly increased with advancing age. Education, obesity, and dyslipidemia were also identified as factors associated with diabetes mellitus in this population. Awareness campaigns regarding dietary patterns and lifestyle choices may serve as preventive and control measures.