Background: In the COVID-19 pandemic, the frontline health-care workers (HCWs) are at increased risk of acquiring infection either through household or workplace exposure. Objectives: To assess the risk of acquiring infection after COVID-19 exposure, we evaluated the effectiveness of a contact tracing assessment to identify the high-risk contacts. Materials and Methods: All HCW who tested COVID-19 positive in July 2020 were interviewed to do risk assessment based on their exposure, advised quarantine, and then followed up on day 14 for development of symptoms of COVID-19. Results: Contact tracing identified 2569 HCW contacts for 422 index positive cases, among which 1642 (63.9%) were contactable for follow-up. Among 1642 contacts, 12.97% developed COVID-19 symptoms within 14 days of the exposure. Household contacts comprising (142 out of 956, 14.9%) had a higher risk of becoming symptomatic than workplace contacts (71 out of 686, 10.3%) ([odds ratio 0.66 (confidence interval 0.49–0.89)]. Of these, 76.6% of the household exposure and 55.4% of significant workplace exposure were tested positive for COVID-19. Conclusions: Based on the risk assessment, we found that a HCW is likely to acquire infection at home rather than at the workplace, and hence, an appropriate quarantine policy can help decrease the transmission and mitigate staff shortage.

Purpose This work was done to study whether regional differences in dietary patterns in India has a role in nutrition related health outcomes such as anemia, obesity, undernutrition, and high blood glucose. Methods It was an ecological study using data on food consumption and nutrition related health outcomes extracted from household consumer expenditure survey (2011), and National Family Health Survey-4 (NFHS-4) (2015-16), respectively. Data were extracted at district level from both these surveys and analysed separately for rural and urban regions. Dietary patterns were identified by factor analysis and their correlation with health outcomes were analysed by spatial regression analysis. Results Four major dietary patterns were observed and were similar between rural and urban regions. ‘Milk and wheat rich diet’ was positively associated with prevalence of anemia among men. ‘Rice and meat rich diet’ and ‘Coconut and sea food rich diet’ were positively associated with prevalence of overweight BMI and high blood glucose in women. ‘Coconut and sea food rich diet’ was negatively associated with prevalence of underweight BMI and anemia in women. ‘Refined oil and tur dal rich diet’ was positively associated with overweight BMI and hypertension and negatively associated with underweight BMI and anemia in men and women. These associations were significant after adjusting for differences in socio-economic development. Conclusions Four major dietary patterns were associated with several nutrition related health outcomes. The mechanism of these associations must be explored further.