The current media debate generalization primary responsibility for the form of media discourse attributed to the media. Derive from it serious cultural implications to the unwavering certainty. The focus of responsibility for the state a shift to media products, media text as their product or media as such. How critical scientists, we need to ask in whose interest may be carried out by this center of gravity shifting responsibility to the media, which results in masking the true origin of the discussions?

The article analyses and describes the transformative power of art in educational and media discourse, emphasising its multiple dimensions. From a diachronic perspective, it surveys the development of selected events from murals to digital media. It utilises++ specific artworks to illustrate the significant role of art in social contexts, with connections to political changes and an educational dimension. The work considers the impact of art on political change and its role in forming critical thinking. It provides alternative interpretations of historical events, as well as analyses of phenomena and events, where art, through visual and narrative communications, deepens the discussion of social issues and opens up new possibilities for interactive learning in a digital world.

This paper presents the results of participatory research that examined the potential of action art and photography as tools for activating seniors. The research took the form of action workshops, in which 35 seniors participated throughout the year. The workshops, which lasted two to three days, were designed as creative outdoor meetings that combined artistic expression with data collection. The chosen methodology was based on the assumption that creative activity in a natural environment promotes social interaction, self-expression, and a sense of meaning. Colour in this process plays a decisive role in strengthening the emotional connection, communication and interpretation of the work. Artistically engaging seniors in the creation of photographs in the action space becomes an option that offers a new way of communication and self-reflection, while not forgetting the importance of their ability to create expressively. The main method of data collection was the analysis of photographic production, in which participants captured situations representing “action in space”. Subsequent semi-structured interviews made it possible to link the visual outputs with the subjective experiences of the authors. Thematic analysis combining visual and verbal data revealed five dominant categories: work, life, grandchildren, nature, and meaning. The results indicate that photography as a form of action art can be a significant activation tool in the senior population. The creative process proved to be a space for strengthening identity, reflecting on everyday life, and forming social bonds, confirming the effectiveness of the triad of seniors, photography, and activation.

Media freedom is widely recognized as a cornerstone of democratic governance, yet its determinants remain complex and multifaceted. This study examines the institutional and structural factors that shape press freedom across European democracies, with particular attention to nonlinear relationships and threshold effects. Using data from internationally recognized indices – including the World Press Freedom Index (WPFI), Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI), Rule of Law Index, and Freedom of Expression indicators, we apply a Random Forest regression model combined with SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) analysis to identify key predictors and their interactions. The authors findings reveal that media freedom is not influenced by a single factor but emerges from the synergistic interplay of multiple democratic pillars. The most significant predictors are the Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI), Rule of Law (RuleLaw), and Freedom of Expression (ExpInfor), which together account for approximately 75% of the variance in WPFI scores. Critically, authors identify specific threshold values, such as CPI > 55, RuleLaw > 0.65, and ExpInfor > 8.0, beyond which the impact of these factors accelerates sharply. This suggests that incremental reforms may yield limited results until certain institutional maturity levels are achieved. Contrary to expectations, economic indicators such as GDP per capita and political stability play only a supporting role, while media market pluralism exhibits a negative correlation with press freedom, indicating that quantitative diversity does not guarantee editorial independence without robust legal and institutional safeguards. SHAP interaction analysis further demonstrates that the influence of each variable is highly conditional on the presence of other democratic factors, underscoring the systemic nature of media freedom. These results have important implications for policymakers: sustainable improvements in press freedom require comprehensive, coordinated reforms that strengthen the rule of law, reduce corruption, and protect freedom of expression simultaneously. Isolated interventions are unlikely to produce lasting change. The study contributes to the growing literature on media systems by offering an empirically grounded, data-driven framework for understanding the institutional architecture that underpins free and independent journalism in democratic societies.

Исследование концептов, связанных с бизнес-этикой, имеет важное значение для развития современного бизнеса и общества. Авторы статьи выделяют основные термины, связанные с бизнес-этикой, а также анализируют уровень интереса к темам «корпоративная социальная ответственность», «корпоративная культура», «экологическое, социальное и корпоративное управление» и «деловая этика» в субъектах Российской Федерации. В статье представлена авторская модель «кругов бизнес-этики». Исследование показывает, что бизнес-этика направлена на формирование отношений компании со стейкхолдерами в рамках внутреннего и внешнего кругов этики бизнеса. Авторы демонстрирует, что бизнес-этику следует рассматривать как этику взаимоотношений бизнеса с различными стейкхолдерами, включая партнеров, конкурентов и работников. Данное исследование вносит вклад в понимание бизнес-этики как концепта и способствует дальнейшему развитию теории этики бизнеса. Статья представляет интерес для специалистов в области менеджмента, корпоративного управления, а также для всех, кто интересуется проблемами управления бизнесом в целом и вопросами бизнес этики в частности.