The detection of wood defect is a crucial step in wood processing and manufacturing, determining the quality and reliability of wood products. To achieve accurate wood defect detection, a novel method named BPN-YOLO is proposed. The ordinary convolution in the ELAN module of the YOLOv7 backbone network is replaced with Pconv partial convolution, resulting in the P-ELAN module. Wood defect detection performance is improved by this modification while unnecessary redundant computations and memory accesses are reduced. Additionally, the Biformer attention mechanism is introduced to achieve more flexible computation allocation and content awareness. The IOU loss function is replaced with the NWD loss function, addressing the sensitivity of the IOU loss function to small defect location fluctuations. The BPN-YOLO model has been rigorously evaluated using an optimized wood defect dataset, and ablation and comparison experiments have been performed. The experimental results show that the mean average precision (mAP) of BPN-YOLO is improved by 7.4% relative to the original algorithm, which can better meet the need to accurately detecting surface defects on wood.

Wood surface defect detection is a challenging task due to the complexity and variability of defect types. To address these challenges, this paper introduces a novel deep learning approach named SiM-YOLO, which is built upon the YOLOv8 object detection framework. A fine-grained convolutional structure, SPD-Conv, is introduced with the aim of preserving detailed defect information during the feature extraction process, thus enabling the model to capture the subtle variations and complex details of wood surface defects. In the feature fusion stage, a SiAFF-PANet-based wood defect feature fusion module is designed to improve the model’s ability to focus on local contextual information and enhance defect localization. For classification and regression tasks, the multi-attention detection head (MADH) is employed to capture cross-channel information and the accurate spatial localization of defects. In addition, MPDIoU is employed to optimize the loss function of the model to reduce the leakage of detection due to defect overlap. The experimental results show that SiM-YOLO achieves superior performance compared to the state-of-the-art YOLO algorithm, with a 9.3% improvement in mAP over YOLOX and a 4.3% improvement in mAP over YOLOv8. The Grad-CAM visualization further illustrates that SiM-YOLO provides more accurate defect localization and effectively reduces misdetection and omission issues. This study highlights the effectiveness of SiM-YOLO for wood surface defect detection and offers valuable insights for future research and practical applications in quality control.

Accurate detection of wood surface defects plays a pivotal role in enhancing wood grade sorting precision, maintaining high standards in wood processing quality, and safeguarding forest resources. This paper introduces an efficient and precise approach to detecting wood surface defects, building upon enhancements to the YOLOv8 model, which demonstrates significant performance enhancements in handling multi-scale and small-target defects commonly found in wood. The proposed method incorporates the dilation-wise residual (DWR) module in the trunk and the deformable large kernel attention (DLKA) module in the neck of the YOLOv8 architecture to enhance the network’s capability in extracting and fusing multi-scale defective features. To further improve the detection accuracy of small-target defects, the model replaces all the detector heads of YOLOv8 with dynamic heads and adds an additional small-target dynamic detector head in the shallower layers. Additionally, to facilitate faster and more-efficient regression, the original complete intersection over union (CIoU) loss function of YOLOv8 is replaced with the IoU with minimum points distance (MPDIoU) loss function. Experimental results indicate that compared with the YOLOv8n baseline model, the proposed method improves the mean average precision (mAP) by 5.5%, with enhanced detection accuracy across all seven defect types tested. These findings suggest that the proposed model exhibits a superior ability to detect wood surface defects accurately.

As a vital cash crop, intelligent monitoring of pomegranate growth stages plays a crucial role in improving orchard management efficiency and yield. Current research on pomegranates primarily focuses on the detection and quality classification of diseases and pests. Furthermore, the difficulty in deploying complex models in practical scenarios hinders the widespread adoption of pomegranate monitoring technology. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a lightweight pomegranate growth stage detection model, YOLO11-PGM, based on YOLO11n. The model integrates several innovative designs, including a Multi-Scale Edge Enhancement (MSEE) module to mitigate the effects of leaf and fruit occlusion, a Slim Shared Convolutional Head (SSCH) to resolve feature inconsistency across different scales in the feature pyramid, and a High-level Screening Feature Pyramid Network (HSFPN) to replace the standard neck network and achieve a balance between accuracy and complexity. Experimental results demonstrate that YOLO11-PGM achieves an accuracy of 92.3%, a recall of 86.3%, and an mAP50 of 94.0% with only 1.63 M parameters, 4.8 G FLOPs, and a model size of 3.7 MB. It outperforms YOLOv5s, YOLOv7, YOLOv8s, YOLOv9s, and YOLOv10s. Compared with the baseline YOLO11n, YOLO11-PGM improves the mAP50 by 2.6%, reduces the number of parameters by 36.9%, decreases computational complexity by 23.8%, and shrinks the model size by 32.7%. This model offers an effective solution for intelligent monitoring of pomegranate growth stages and provides valuable theoretical and technical references for orchard yield prediction, growth monitoring, planting management optimization, and the development of automated harvesting systems.

Wood plate bark removal processing is critical for ensuring the quality of wood processing and its products. To address the issue of lack of datasets available for the application of deep learning methods to this field, and to fill the research gap of deep learning methods in the application field of wood plate bark removal equipment, a benchmark for wood plate segmentation in bark removal processing is proposed in this study. Firstly, a costumed image acquisition device is designed and assembled on bark removal equipment to capture wood plate images in real industrial settings. After data filtering, enhancement, annotation, recording, and partitioning, a benchmark dataset named the WPS-dataset containing 4863 images was constructed. The WPS-dataset is evaluated by training six typical semantic segmentation models. The experimental results show that the models effectively learn and understand the WPS-dataset characteristics during training, resulting in high performance and accuracy in wood plate segmentation tasks. The WPS-dataset can lay a solid foundation for future research in bark removal processing and contribute to advancements in this field.