In a tank farm, even if the separation distance meets the codes and standards, a pool fire in one tank may spread quickly to another tank. Most destructive and uncontrollable fire accidents are induced with multiple pool fires. In current work, the thermal buckling behaviors of a fixed-roof tank subjected to one (two) neighboring pool fire(s) (burning tanks) are numerically studied. The effects of the number of the pool fires, the separation distance between two pool fires, and the distance between the adjacent tank and pool fires are analyzed. The results indicate that the thermal buckling zone of the target tank subjected to two pool fires is larger than that subjected to one pool fire, and the maximum displacement for two pool fires is almost equal to that for one pool fire. The target tank subjected to one pool fire loses stability and reaches a new stable state faster than that subjected to two pool fires. The thermal buckling zone expands as the distance between the two pool fires increases but decreases with increasing separation distance between the pool fire and the target tank. The findings provide useful guidance for the structural optimization of steel storage tanks against pool fire exposure and offer theoretical support for emergency response and fire rescue in tank farms.

To investigate the suppression effect of dry water materials on $ \mathrm{H_2} $/$ \mathrm{CH_4} $ explosions, dry water materials were prepared and explosion suppression experiments were conducted using a self-built long straight steel pipe explosion test apparatus. The results indicate that a certain mass of dry water materials can effectively suppress explosions, reducing both the peak overpressure and peak rate of pressure rise. However, insufficient dry water material actually promotes $ \mathrm{H_2} $/$ \mathrm{CH_4} $ explosions, while excessive amounts diminish the suppression effect. Under the combined effects of high explosion temperatures and shock waves, the rupture of dry water materials exposes water to the combustion space. This absorbs substantial heat, exerting a cooling effect. Simultaneously, gaseous water dilutes oxygen concentration, inhibiting combustion. As the volume fraction of water participating in combustion increases, although H+$ \mathrm{O_2} $=O+OH continues to enhance combustion, the inhibitory effect of H+$ \mathrm{CH_3} $(+M)= $ \mathrm{CH_4} $(+M) also intensifies. Once water concentration reaches a certain threshold, the promoting effect of HCO+M=H+CO+M disappears, giving way to a new elementary reaction: H+$ \mathrm{CH_4} $=$ \mathrm{CH_3} $+$ \mathrm{H_2} $, which inhibits combustion. This research provides valuable reference for preventing and controlling H2/CH4 explosions.

To suppress methane explosions and reduce accident occurrence, this study employed a self-made vertical explosion pipeline platform to investigate the suppression characteristics of brucite powder on premixed methane-air explosions. The effects of equivalence ratio, suppressant concentration, and powder particle size on methane explosion pressure and flame propagation were systematically analyzed. The main findings are as follows. Under fuel-lean conditions (Φ = 0.8), the suppression effect was most pronounced: the flame color changed from pale blue to dull orange-yellow, the average flame propagation velocity decreased by 41%, and the explosion pressure dropped by about 28.6 %. Under fuel-rich conditions (Φ = 1.2), the flame velocity reached its maximum (30 m/s), yet the corresponding pressure rise was the most gradual, indicating a pressure-velocity decoupling phenomenon. When the powder concentration reached 200 g/ m^{3} , the explosion pressure decreased by 61.1 % compared to the blank group condition; the maximum and average pressure rise rates were reduced by 78.2 % and 81.1 %, respectively; the time for the flame to reach the top pipe outlet extended from 28 ms to 63 ms; the flame velocity dropped from 21.4 m/s to 9.5 m/s. This study also characterized the physical properties of brucite powders with three different mesh sizes. Among the three mesh sizes, the 1250-mesh ultrafine brucite powder exhibited the strongest inhibition performance: the explosion pressure dropped from 0.036 MPa (blank group) to 0.025 MPa, and the flame propagation velocity decreased from 21.4 m/s to 12.5 m/s. This study can provide a scientific basis for developing effective explosion prevention and suppression measures.