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Selenium and iodine are essential micronutrients for humans. They are often deficient in food supply due to low phytoavailable concentrations in soil. Agronomic biofortification of food crops is one approach to overcome micronutrient malnutrition. This study focused on a pre-launch exploration of German consumers’ willingness to purchase selenium- and/or iodine-biofortified apples. For this purpose, an online survey was carried out. In this context, consumers were asked to choose their most preferred apple product from a set card of product alternatives in a discrete choice experiment (DCE). The multinomial logit model results demonstrated that German consumers’ have a particular preference for iodine-biofortified apples. Furthermore, apple choice was mainly influenced by price, health claims, and plastic-free packaging material. Viewed individually, selenium did not exert an effect on product choice whereas positive interactions between both micronutrients exist.
Ruth Kleine-Kalmer; Adriano Profeta; Diemo Daum; Ulrich Enneking. Pre-Launch Exploration of Consumer Willingness to Purchase Selenium- and Iodine-Biofortified Apples—A Discrete Choice Analysis of Possible Market Settings. Nutrients 2021, 13, 1625 .
AMA StyleRuth Kleine-Kalmer, Adriano Profeta, Diemo Daum, Ulrich Enneking. Pre-Launch Exploration of Consumer Willingness to Purchase Selenium- and Iodine-Biofortified Apples—A Discrete Choice Analysis of Possible Market Settings. Nutrients. 2021; 13 (5):1625.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRuth Kleine-Kalmer; Adriano Profeta; Diemo Daum; Ulrich Enneking. 2021. "Pre-Launch Exploration of Consumer Willingness to Purchase Selenium- and Iodine-Biofortified Apples—A Discrete Choice Analysis of Possible Market Settings." Nutrients 13, no. 5: 1625.
Notable parts of the population in Europe suffer from allergies towards apples. To address this health problem, the analysis of the interactions of relevant allergens with other substances such as phenolic compounds is of particular importance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlations between the total phenolic content (TPC), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity, antioxidant activity (AOA), and the phenolic compound profile and the content of the allergenic protein Mal d 1 in six apple cultivars. It was found that the PPO activity and the content of individual phenolic compounds had an influence on the Mal d 1 content. With regard to the important constituents, flavan-3-ols and phenolic acids, it was found that apples with a higher content of chlorogenic acid and a low content of procyanidin trimers and/or epicatechin had a lower allergenic potential. This is probably based on the reaction of phenolic compounds (when oxidized by the endogenous PPO) with proteins, thus being able to change the conformation of the (allergenic) proteins, which further corresponds to a loss of antibody recognition. When apples were additionally biofortified with selenium, the composition of the apples, with regard to TPC, phenolic profile, AOA, and PPO, was significantly affected. Consequently, this innovative agronomic practice seems to be promising for reducing the allergenic potential of apples.
Sabrina Groth; Christoph Budke; Timo Weber; Susanne Neugart; Sven Brockmann; Martina Holz; Bao Sawadski; Diemo Daum; Sascha Rohn. Relationship between Phenolic Compounds, Antioxidant Properties, and the Allergenic Protein Mal d 1 in Different Selenium-Biofortified Apple Cultivars (Malus domestica). Molecules 2021, 26, 2647 .
AMA StyleSabrina Groth, Christoph Budke, Timo Weber, Susanne Neugart, Sven Brockmann, Martina Holz, Bao Sawadski, Diemo Daum, Sascha Rohn. Relationship between Phenolic Compounds, Antioxidant Properties, and the Allergenic Protein Mal d 1 in Different Selenium-Biofortified Apple Cultivars (Malus domestica). Molecules. 2021; 26 (9):2647.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSabrina Groth; Christoph Budke; Timo Weber; Susanne Neugart; Sven Brockmann; Martina Holz; Bao Sawadski; Diemo Daum; Sascha Rohn. 2021. "Relationship between Phenolic Compounds, Antioxidant Properties, and the Allergenic Protein Mal d 1 in Different Selenium-Biofortified Apple Cultivars (Malus domestica)." Molecules 26, no. 9: 2647.
Selenium and iodine are essential micronutrients for humans. They are often deficient in food supply due to low phytoavailable concentrations in soil. Agronomic biofortification of food crops is one approach to overcome micronutrient malnutrition. This study focused on German consumers’ willingness to purchase selenium- and/or iodine-biofortified apples. For this purpose, an online survey was carried out. In this context, consumers were asked to choose their most preferred apple product from a set card of product alternatives (Discrete Choice Experiment). The multinomial logit model results demonstrated that German consumers’ have a preference in particular for iodine-biofortified apples. Furthermore, apple choice was mainly influenced by price, health claims, and plastic-free packaging material. Viewed individually, selenium did not exert an effect on product choice whereas positive interactions between both micronutrients exist.
Ruth Kleine-Kalmer; Adriano Profeta; Diemo Daum; Ulrich Enneking. Willingness to Purchase Selenium- and Iodine-Biofortified Apples – A Discrete Choice Analysis with German Consumers. 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleRuth Kleine-Kalmer, Adriano Profeta, Diemo Daum, Ulrich Enneking. Willingness to Purchase Selenium- and Iodine-Biofortified Apples – A Discrete Choice Analysis with German Consumers. . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRuth Kleine-Kalmer; Adriano Profeta; Diemo Daum; Ulrich Enneking. 2021. "Willingness to Purchase Selenium- and Iodine-Biofortified Apples – A Discrete Choice Analysis with German Consumers." , no. : 1.
Biofortified apples seem to be a suitable produce. In this study, different selenium forms and application levels were applied to the two apple varieties ‘Golden Delicious’ and ‘Jonagold’, grown in the years 2017 and 2018 in order to increase the selenium uptake within a typical Western diet. It was shown that the biofortification, which was performed as a foliar application implemented in usual calcium fertilization, led to significantly increased selenium contents in the fruits. Furthermore, biofortification affected the total phenolic content (TPC), the polyphenol oxidase activity (PPO), as well as the antioxidant activity (AOA), the latter measured with the two well-known assays Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity Assay (TEAC) and Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity Assays (ORAC). The varying selenium forms and application levels showed a differing influence on the parameters mentioned before. Higher fertilizer levels resulted in higher selenium accumulation. It was found that PPO activity fluctuates less in biofortified apples. With regard to TPC, selenate led to higher amounts when compared to the untreated controls and selenite resulted in lower TPC. AOA analysis showed no clear tendencies as a result of the selenium biofortification. In the case of ‘Jonagold’, a higher AOA was generally measured when being biofortified, whereas, in the case of ‘Golden Delicious’, only one form of application led to higher AOA. Additionally, differences in the amount of major phenolic compounds, measured with High Performance Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-ESI-MSn), were observed, depending on the conditions of the biofortification and the variety.
Sabrina Groth; Christoph Budke; Susanne Neugart; Sofia Ackermann; Fenja-Sarah Kappenstein; Diemo Daum; Sascha Rohn. Influence of a Selenium Biofortification on Antioxidant Properties and Phenolic Compounds of Apples (Malus domestica). Antioxidants 2020, 9, 187 .
AMA StyleSabrina Groth, Christoph Budke, Susanne Neugart, Sofia Ackermann, Fenja-Sarah Kappenstein, Diemo Daum, Sascha Rohn. Influence of a Selenium Biofortification on Antioxidant Properties and Phenolic Compounds of Apples (Malus domestica). Antioxidants. 2020; 9 (2):187.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSabrina Groth; Christoph Budke; Susanne Neugart; Sofia Ackermann; Fenja-Sarah Kappenstein; Diemo Daum; Sascha Rohn. 2020. "Influence of a Selenium Biofortification on Antioxidant Properties and Phenolic Compounds of Apples (Malus domestica)." Antioxidants 9, no. 2: 187.
The present study investigates consumers’ acceptance of Se-biofortified apples, as well as Se health and nutrition claims that have been approved by the European Commission. Despite indications that such statements are more likely to be accepted if the carrier product itself has a healthy image, unprocessed fruits biofortified with Se have not been investigated in this context yet. Apples as the most frequently-consumed type of fresh fruit in Germany may offer the potential to improve the Se status of consumers when the produce is enriched with Se. Therefore, an online survey of 356 German adults was conducted to analyze different aspects that could affect the perception of and preference for the proposed product concept by consumers. The findings indicate a moderate acceptance of Se-biofortified apples, as well as of Se health and nutrition claims among the participants. Additional information about beneficial health effects of Se had a significant impact on consumer acceptance. People who regularly eat convenience food and prefer to buy apples at supermarkets were particularly attracted by the product idea. In conclusion, the results of the study indicate good prospects for a successful introduction of Se-rich apples in the German food market, if the produce is advertised with approved health and nutrition claims.
Lena Wortmann; Ulrich Enneking; Diemo Daum. German Consumers’ Attitude towards Selenium-Biofortified Apples and Acceptance of Related Nutrition and Health Claims. Nutrients 2018, 10, 190 .
AMA StyleLena Wortmann, Ulrich Enneking, Diemo Daum. German Consumers’ Attitude towards Selenium-Biofortified Apples and Acceptance of Related Nutrition and Health Claims. Nutrients. 2018; 10 (2):190.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLena Wortmann; Ulrich Enneking; Diemo Daum. 2018. "German Consumers’ Attitude towards Selenium-Biofortified Apples and Acceptance of Related Nutrition and Health Claims." Nutrients 10, no. 2: 190.
Iodine (I) biofortification of vegetables by means of soil and foliar applications was investigated in field experiments on a sandy loam soil. Supply of iodine to the soil in trial plots fertilized with potassium iodide (KI) and potassium iodate (KIO3) directly before planting (0, 1.0, 2.5, 7.5 and 15 kg I ha-1) increased the iodine concentration in the edible plant parts. The highest iodine accumulation levels were observed in the first growing season: In butterhead lettuce and kohlrabi the desired iodine content [50 - 100 µg I (100 g FM)-1] was obtained or exceeded at a fertilizer rate of 7.5 kg IO3--I ha-1 without a significant yield reduction or impairment of the marketable quality. In contrast, supplying KI at the same rate resulted in a much lower iodine enrichment and clearly visible yield reduction. Soil applied iodine was phytoavailable for a short period of time as indicated by a rapid decline of CaCl2-extractable iodine in the top soil. Consequently, long-term effects of a one-time iodine soil fertilization could not be observed. A comparison between the soil and the foliar fertilization revealed a better performance of iodine applied aerially to butterhead lettuce, which reached the desired iodine accumulation in edible plant parts at a fertilizer rate of 0.5 kg I--I ha-1. In contrast, the iodine content in the tuber of sprayed kohlrabi remained far below the targeted range. The results indicate that a sufficient spreading of iodine applied on the edible plant parts is crucial for the efficiency of the foliar approach and leafy vegetables are the more suitable target crops. The low iodine doses needed as well as the easy and inexpensive application may favor the implementation of foliar sprays as the preferred iodine biofortification strategy in practice.
Patrick G. Lawson; Diemo Daum; Roman Czauderna; Helmut Meuser; Joachim W. Härtling. Soil versus foliar iodine fertilization as a biofortification strategy for field-grown vegetables. Frontiers in Plant Science 2015, 6, 1 .
AMA StylePatrick G. Lawson, Diemo Daum, Roman Czauderna, Helmut Meuser, Joachim W. Härtling. Soil versus foliar iodine fertilization as a biofortification strategy for field-grown vegetables. Frontiers in Plant Science. 2015; 6 ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StylePatrick G. Lawson; Diemo Daum; Roman Czauderna; Helmut Meuser; Joachim W. Härtling. 2015. "Soil versus foliar iodine fertilization as a biofortification strategy for field-grown vegetables." Frontiers in Plant Science 6, no. : 1.