Our health-care system would be incomplete without the use of medicinal herbs. In the days before modern medicine, several communities created medical knowledge systems known as “traditional medicine,” “indigenous medicine,” or “folk medicine.” The medicinal properties of plants and plant-based products are widely accepted. There are a variety of medical approaches available across the world, including allopathic, homoeopathic, Ayurvedic, and Chinese. The developed communities each have their own Materia Medica, which compiles thorough data on many plants used as medicines. According to current estimations from the field of botany, there are somewhere between 2,50,000 and 3,50,000 distinct plant species in existence. It is estimated that 35,000 unique species are used to cure a wide range of ailments in diverse places throughout the world. Based on general popularity among all ages, phytopharmaceuticals are an integral part of worldwide business and the global economy. According to a globe news wire study, the global herbal medicine market is estimated to be 550 billion dollars by 2030, up from 83 billion dollars in 2019. China and India lead the global herb market. China exports 120,000 tonnes of herbal remedies annually, followed by India with 32,000 tonnes. Europe is the world’s largest importer of medicinal plants (MP), taking in over 400,000 tonnes annually to fulfill local demand. In this review, we have discussed about the MP and their economic importance in global market.

Deadly disease cancer has many types; among them, lung cancer is responsible for the highest number of cancer mortality. Existing therapies as well as drugs for treating lung cancer are not effective and are often associated with innumerable side effects and toxicities. For these reasons, researchers have been working on developing novel anti-cancer medicines from plants and other natural sources that have a high safety profile. Natural flavonoids are a polyphenolic group of phytochemicals extracted from plants and other plant-derived compounds. Natural flavonoids are gaining popularity due to their unique and priceless medicinal properties, including anticancer properties. Several researchers have already declared that flavonoids possess the ability to treat different cancers, particularly lung cancer. The bioactivity of natural flavonoids is mainly due to their structural diversity. Natural flavonoids fight against lung cancer by regulating redox homeostasis, upregulating apoptosis, pro-apoptotic factors, and survival genes, arresting cell cycle progression, autophagy, reducing cell proliferation and invasiveness, maintaining inflammation response, downregulating anti-apoptotic factors, and targeting lung cancer signaling pathways. Flavonoids can act alone or synergistically with other agents to treat lung cancer. Due to these reasons, it is possible to use natural flavonoids as pharmaceutical leads to prevent and treat lung cancer.

Aim: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the world's second leading cause of cancerrelated mortality and the fifth most prevalent cancer overall. Several synthetic and plant-based remedies are in practice to treat diverse liver disorders. Because of their minimal side effects and protective characteristics, plant phenolics have the potential to become alternative therapeutics, replacing currently existing HCC medications. The present study identifies the plant phenolics as having the capacity to inhibit HCC with low side effects and cost efficiency. Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality, despite the proven effectiveness of screening programs for at-risk individuals, the majority of patients have disease progression or tumor characteristics that preclude curative therapies at the time of diagnosis. Acteoside (Verbascoside) is a naturally occurring phenylethanoid glycoside found throughout the plant kingdom. Acteoside is a physiologically active chemical with the number of pharmacological and protective effects against various liver illnesses. Objectives: Currently used HCC medications have a variety of side effects. Plant-based chemicals offer the possibility of treating HCC with minimal side effects. The work is targeted to find the best phytochemical (plant phenolic) lead molecule for future drug development research against Hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods: The targets were selected based on an analysis of relevant literature, and the 3D structures of the selected receptors were obtained in. pdb format from the RCSB-Protein data bank (PDB, http://www.rscb.org/pdb). Based on a review of the literature, sixty plant secondary metabolites, or plant phenolics, were selected. The ligand structures were obtained and downloaded in.sdf format from the NCBI PubChem chemicals database (https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/). Molecular docking between the receptor and ligands was accomplished using the Molegro Virtual Docker 6.0 (MVD) software. Results: The target RAF1, BRAF chain 1, TIE2 chain 2 FGFR1, FGFR2, AXL, and FGFR4 showed the best binding effectiveness with acteoside compared to their respective positive control. RET chain 1 and BRAF chain 2 acteoside showed prominent binding efficacy after Curcumin, and Epigallocatechingallate, respectively, against positive control. Present findings clearly point towards the potentiality of acteoside in inhibiting various HCC targets. Conclusion: Acteoside may be used as a prominent lead molecule in the future treatment of hepatic cancer with its multifaceted binding efficiencies against various target proteins.

Introduction: Genistein is an isoflavone primarily extracted from soybeans and the Dyer's broom (Genista tinctora L.). It has been extensively studied using various extraction methods and characterized via NMR for structural elucidation. Its pharmacological potential, mediated through interactions with multiple receptors and signalling pathways, has been validated through numerous preclinical studies globally. Methods: To analyze the pharmaceutical profile of genistein using PASS software, we correlated it with existing literature, and evaluated its efficacy against various diseases. The study aims to explore the broad-spectrum potential of genistein as a lead compound against the various diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease (CVD), neurodegenerative and viral diseases. Results: It is a broad-spectrum drug that is effective against – cancer, heart associated diseases, neurodegenerative diseases and viral diseases. It is a potential anticancer drug that modulates apoptosis, cell cycle, metastasis, and regulates the cancer signalling pathways. Based on the compilation of reports from the literature reviews, it is effective against breast cancer (23%), neuroblastoma (12.77%), prostate and lung cancer (10.64%). Secondly, it has cardio protectant properties and supports cardiovascular health by improving endothelial function and lowering cholesterol. It is reported to be effective against cardiac dysfunction (38.46%), atherosclerosis (26.92%), and cardiotoxicity (15.39%). Thirdly, it offers various neuroprotective benefits in neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer';s (69.84%) and Parkinson';s (19.05%). Lastly, it was also reported to be effective against HSV (23.08%), HIV (23.08%) and HPV (15.39%) viral infections. Discussion: Genistein exhibits a wide range of therapeutic properties, including anticancer, cardioprotective, neuroprotective, and antiviral effects. It has shown notable efficacy in treating cancers such as breast, prostate, and lung, as well as neurodegenerative conditions like Alzheimer';s and Parkinson';s. Additionally, its benefits in improving cardiovascular health and combating viral infections further support its potential as a multifunctional therapeutic agent. Although genistein has a broad pharmacological spectrum, its clinical relevance is hampered by a suboptimal pharmacokinetic profile, such as poor bioavailability, rapid systemic clearance, extensive first-pass metabolism, and low aqueous solubility, which limit its therapeutic efficacy. Conclusions: This systematic review highlights genistein's pharmacological profile, demonstrating its efficacy against various diseases and its potential as a lead candidate for drug development in oncology, cardiovascular health, and neurodegenerative therapies. Thus, underscoring its potential, Genistein can be considered a versatile therapeutic agent.