The Sundarbans, one of the most climate vulnerable regions globally, is increasingly facing environmental instability that significantly affects rural public health. Rising sea levels, salinity intrusion, frequent cyclones, and ecological degradation are not only threatening livelihoods but also influencing disease patterns, nutrition, and healthcare access. This commentary highlights the complex pathways linking climate change and health outcomes in the Sundarbans. It emphasizes the interaction between environmental stressors, social determinants, and health system limitations. A comprehensive, climate resilient public health approach is essential to address the growing vulnerabilities in this fragile deltaic region.

Mental health is increasingly recognized as a key component of global public health, yet its importance in rural settings continues to be overlooked. Across the world, rural populations experience a disproportionate burden of mental health problems due to socio-economic disadvantages, environmental stressors, and limited access to healthcare services. Conditions such as depression, anxiety, and psychological distress are widely prevalent, but mental health services remain scarce and poorly integrated into primary healthcare systems. Structural barriers, including workforce shortages, weak infrastructure, and persistent stigma, further widen the gap between need and care. This commentary examines the global neglect of mental health in rural communities and highlights the urgent need for practical, system-level, and context-sensitive approaches to improve access, reduce disparities, and strengthen mental health outcomes worldwide.

Background: Situation analysis regarding health in an organisation or community is the systematic process of collecting, analysing, and interpreting data about health issues within a specific population or community. Given this context, the present study conducted a practical comprehensive school-related health situation analysis by utilising nine (9) distinct components (physical components to school health policies) regarding the HPS of a selected government higher secondary high school in Sundarban district, West Bengal, India. Methods: A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2024 to November 2024. A close-ended predesigned, structured questionnaire was used, and quantitative research methods were applied. Results: The analysis of 1,417 responses about the nine health promotion components reveals crucial insights into school health support. Notably, 424 (30%) respondents definitively “no” stated the components were absent, while 157 (11%) found them "not adequate." Additionally, 447 (31.5%) provided "no remark," indicating uncertainty or disengagement. Conversely, 389 (27.5%) affirmed the components were satisfactory with a "yes". Conclusions: This mixed feedback highlights the need for targeted interventions to improve the perceived adequacy of school health services and support systems. It is clear that while some aspects may be functioning well, there is a significant opportunity for enhancement across all nine components.

Background: A school focused on health promotion is where the entire school community collaborates to deliver cohesive and advantageous experiences that safeguard and enhance student health. So in this study, we will make plans for the school to become a “Health-Promoting School" in the future. Consult with the school's headmaster, assistant headmaster, and governing body. On a selected government higher secondary high school in Panakua Gram Panchayat, Bishnupur 1 block, West Bengal, India. Methods: A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted from 28/09/2024 to 27/10/2024. Data were collected through a future plan-based interaction process and analysed using EXCEL and JAMOVI 2.6.17. Result: From a total of cent per cent(9) components, an estimated 44.4% (4) are expected to be ongoing. Moreover, 33.3% (3) are anticipated to reach completion within 6 months, while 55.6% (5) will require 12 months. The same proportion, 55.6% (5), is projected for those extending to 18 months. Additionally, 66.7% (6) are forecasted to span 24 months, 33.3% (3) will extend to 30 months, and finally, 33.3% (3) are slated for completion in 36 months. To facilitate the creation of a “Health-Promoting School” in future, the school’s headmaster, assistant headmaster, and governing body identified (22) categories of resources.That saturated cent per cent(9) of components. Out of 22 types of resources,RE1(A) comprises 77.8% (7), RE2(B) and RE3(C) each account for 22.2% (2), RE4(D) represents 11.1% (1), and RE5(E), RE6(F), RE7(G), and RE10(J) each also make up 22.2% (2). RE8(H), RE9(I), RE20(T), RE21(U), and RE22(V) each account for 11.1% (1). Additionally, RE11(K) is at 22.2% (2), RE12(L) is at 55.6% (5), RE13(M) is at 33.3% (3), RE14(N) is at 44.4% (4), RE15(O) is at 22.2% (2), RE16(P) is at 22.2% (2), RE17(Q) is at 22.2% (2), and RE18(R) and RE19(S) each represent 33.3% (3). Conclusion: The study outlines a comprehensive plan for transforming the selected government higher secondary school in Panakua Gram Panchayat into a "Health-Promoting School." The collaborative efforts of the school's leadership and governing body have identified the targeted timeline and resources necessary for this transition.

One Health cannot fulfill its promise without health promotion

The excessive and persistent use of white A4 paper in office and administrative environments represents a deeply entrenched yet underexplored challenge in the context of sustainable governance and public health. Despite the widespread availability of digital technologies, paper-based practices continue to dominate institutional workflows due to behavioral habits, organizational culture, and structural inefficiencies. This commentary critically examines the persistence of paper dependency in office and administrative systems as a multidimensional issue encompassing environmental degradation, resource inefficiency, and indirect public health risks. It further highlights key behavioral and institutional drivers, including habitual reliance on paper-based practices, resistance to digital transition, and rigid administrative protocols that continue to reinforce excessive paper use. Paper production contributes significantly to deforestation, greenhouse gas emissions, water consumption, and energy use, while its disposal adds to solid waste burden. Furthermore, excessive paper use reflects systemic inefficiencies in governance and resource management. Addressing this issue requires integrated strategies involving digital transformation, policy enforcement, behavioral change, and circular economy approaches. Reducing paper dependency is essential for enhancing institutional efficiency, minimizing environmental impact, and supporting long term public health outcomes.