Agriculture becomes extremely important as a main source of food production to feed the population in this planet. On the other hand, agriculture provides a lot of benefits to the country such as food and non-food product, transportation and balancing the environment. The demand for food security creates pressure to the decision maker to ensure our world has sufficient food for the entire world. Thus, the usage of the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is an alternative to manage a farm properly to increase its yield. In order to promote the use of UAV in agriculture to support its sustainability, this paper provides an understanding towards the usage of UAV and its applications in agriculture. The objective of this paper is to review the usage of UAV in agriculture applications. Based on the literature, we found that a lot of agriculture applications can be done by using UAV. In the methodology, we used a comprehensive review from other researches in this world. As a result, from the revision, we found that different sensors give different analysis to the agriculture applications. Thus, the purpose of the project needs to be investigated before using the UAV technology for better data quality and analysis. As a conclusion, a suitable sensor and UAV need to be identified before using UAV to gather accurate data and precise analysis.

The demand for mobile applications in agriculture is increasing as smartphones are continuously developed and used for many purposes; one of them is managing pests and diseases in crops. Using mobile applications, farmers can detect early infection and improve the specified treatment and precautions to prevent further infection from occurring. Furthermore, farmers can communicate with agricultural authorities to manage their farm from home, and efficiently obtain information such as the spectral signature of crops. Therefore, the spectral signature can be used as a reference to detect pests and diseases with a hyperspectral sensor more efficiently than the conventional method, which takes more time to monitor the entire crop field. This review aims to show the current and future trends of mobile computing based on spectral signature analysis for pest and disease management. In this review, the use of mobile applications for pest and disease monitoring is evaluated based on image processing, the systems developed for pest and disease extraction, and the structure of steps outlined in developing a mobile application. Moreover, a comprehensive literature review on the utilisation of spectral signature analysis for pest and disease management is discussed. The spectral reflectance used in monitoring plant health and image processing for pest and disease diagnosis is mentioned. The review also elaborates on the integration of a spectral signature library within mobile application devices to obtain information about pests and disease in crop fields by extracting information from hyperspectral datasets. This review demonstrates the necessary scientific knowledge for visualising the spectral signature of pests and diseases using a mobile application, allowing this technology to be used in real-world agricultural settings.

The increasing of population in the world lead the Malaysia government to intensification the food supply for the future in efficient way. Sustainable agriculture plays a main role for maintain the food production and preserve the environment from any excessive chemical by usage of technology for the better management. The Economic Transformation Program (ETP) emphasizes on the use of technology to finest aid crop production. Drone applications in crop monitoring are increasing globally and get place among end-users. The objective of this paper is to monitor rice crop by using multirotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) as known as drone and RGB digital camera in Kelantan, Malaysia. This paper will present the spatial analysis using RGB imagery in paddy plot at early stage to improve the management system. Results show that the uneven ground surface is a key element in achievement the higher yield production and improving the irrigation system in the paddy field. The ground management need to take action to make sure the paddy development can be growth in a healthy condition to increase the yield.

The art and science of determining residential property value has evolved due to the changing external factors, such as the economy, environmental (climate change) and social aspects. This research aims to identify the impact of climate change (floods) to determine residential economic attributes that could affect the value for residential property in flood risk areas. The case study covers all residential housing schemes in Langat River Basin area, which has been considered as the highest flood risk area in the State of Selangor, Malaysia. The methodology of this research is based on the conceptual analysis from previous studies from local and international scenarios. The systematic analysis of previous literature of real estate valuation theory consists of economic attributes such as structural, locational and environmental attributes involved in residential property valuation in relation to flooding. The findings reveal that the economic attributes' response to flood hazards for residential properties can be divided into three conditions, and they are: positive, negative or no effect on the climate change factor.

Highly priced properties cause affordability problems among low and middle-income buyers. To overcome this, the Malaysian government introduces affordable housing through National Urbanisation Policy, National Physical Plan, National Housing Policy, and Eleventh Malaysia Plan. Whilst having good market response, some areas experience either shortage or surplus of houses reflecting ineffective affordable housing policies. Inappropriate estimation technique and aggregate location estimations limit the accuracy and usability of demand estimations. Thus, this research aims to establish a framework to estimate local demands for affordable housing. This study selects and reviews the theoretical and modelling framework of Artificial Neural Network Model (ANN) due to its superior performance in forecasting demand. The ANN theoretical and modelling framework guides the modelling process, which includes data collection and preparation, model development, data analysis and model evaluation. Potential sites for affordable housing development identified from the model's coefficients are visualised spatially through Geographic Information System (GIS). Localised housing demand forecasts are highly beneficial for policy-makers and housing developers to allocate the number of supplies across locations. This allows maximum take-up rate for affordable housing, avoids supply and demand mismatch and thus achieving the national housing policy agenda.

This paper discusses the explanatory study of spatial information sharing in Malaysian marine-related organisations. A semi-structured interview is used to explore the GIS implementation in the organisation. This paper also examines the drivers and issues in implementing marine spatial data sharing within and between marine organisations. Eleven marine and coastal-related organisations were interviewed. Thematic and SWOT analysis was selected to categorise information into several themes and factors including internal and external factors that affected the GIS and spatial data sharing implementation in the organisations. The results revealed that most of the respondents were aware of the importance of GIS and spatial data sharing to support certain aspects of the management of the organisation. The results also show the lack of planning and implementation of GIS, lack of awareness of the importance of GIS and spatial data sharing, and lack of communication and cooperation within and between organisations. To improve the marine spatial information sharing, two strategies was proposed: improving GIS strategic planning to focus on GIS planning and development in the organisation, and enhancing cooperation to focus on developing the connection and communication between organisations to facilitate spatial information sharing.