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This study examined the spatial variability of throughfall (Tf ) and its implications for sampling throughfall during the leafless period of oak trees. To do this, we measured Tf under five single Brant’s oak trees (Quercus brantii var. Persica), in the Zagros region of Iran, spanning a six-month-long study period. Overall, the Tf amounted to 85.7% of gross rainfall. The spatial coefficient of variation (CV) for rainstorm total Tf volumes was 25%, on average, and it decreased as the magnitude of rainfall increased. During the leafless period, Tf was spatially autocorrelated over distances of 1 to 3.5 m, indicating the benefits of sampling with relatively elongated troughs. Our findings highlight the great variability of Tf under the canopies of Brant’s oaks during their leafless period. We may also conclude that the 29 Tf collectors used in the present study were sufficient to robustly estimate tree-scale Tf values within a 10% error of the mean at the 95% confidence level. Given that a ±10% uncertainty in Tf is associated with a ±100% uncertainty in interception loss, this underscores the challenges in its measurement at the individual tree level in the leafless season. These results are valuable for determining the number and placement of Tf collectors, and their expected level of confidence, when measuring tree-level Tf of scattered oak trees and those in forest stands.
Omid Fathizadeh; Seyed Sadeghi; Iman Pazhouhan; Sajad Ghanbari; Pedram Attarod; Lei Su. Spatial Variability and Optimal Number of Rain Gauges for Sampling Throughfall under Single Oak Trees during the Leafless Period. Forests 2021, 12, 585 .
AMA StyleOmid Fathizadeh, Seyed Sadeghi, Iman Pazhouhan, Sajad Ghanbari, Pedram Attarod, Lei Su. Spatial Variability and Optimal Number of Rain Gauges for Sampling Throughfall under Single Oak Trees during the Leafless Period. Forests. 2021; 12 (5):585.
Chicago/Turabian StyleOmid Fathizadeh; Seyed Sadeghi; Iman Pazhouhan; Sajad Ghanbari; Pedram Attarod; Lei Su. 2021. "Spatial Variability and Optimal Number of Rain Gauges for Sampling Throughfall under Single Oak Trees during the Leafless Period." Forests 12, no. 5: 585.
Tree root system development alters forest soil properties, and differences in root diameter frequency and root length per soil volume reflect differences in root system function. In this study, the relationship between vertical distribution of very fine root and soil water content was investigated in intact tree and cut tree areas. The vertical distribution of root density with different diameter classes (very fine Cryptomeria japonica (L.f.) D. Don and Chamaecyparis obtusa (Siebold et Zucc.) Endl. The root biomass and length density of very fine roots at soil depth of 0–5 cm were higher in the Ch. obtusa intact tree plot than in the Cr. japonica intact plot. Tree cutting caused a reduction in the biomass and length of very fine roots at 0–5 cm soil depth, and an increment in soil water content at 5–30 cm soil depth of the Ch. obtusa cut tree plot one year after cutting. However, very fine root density of the Cr. japonica intact tree plot was quite low and the soil water content in post-harvest areas did not change. The increase in soil water content at 5–30 cm soil depth of the Ch. obtusa cut tree plot could be caused by the decrease in very fine roots at 0–5 cm soil depth. These results suggest that the distribution of soil water content was changed after tree cutting of Ch. obtusa by the channels generated by the decay of very fine roots. It was also shown that differences in root system characteristics among different tree species affect soil water properties after cutting.
Moein Farahnak; Keiji Mitsuyasu; Takuo Hishi; Ayumi Katayama; Masaaki Chiwa; Seonghun Jeong; Kyoichi Otsuki; Seyed Mohammad Moein Sadeghi; Atsushi Kume. Relationship between Very Fine Root Distribution and Soil Water Content in Pre- and Post-Harvest Areas of Two Coniferous Tree Species. Forests 2020, 11, 1227 .
AMA StyleMoein Farahnak, Keiji Mitsuyasu, Takuo Hishi, Ayumi Katayama, Masaaki Chiwa, Seonghun Jeong, Kyoichi Otsuki, Seyed Mohammad Moein Sadeghi, Atsushi Kume. Relationship between Very Fine Root Distribution and Soil Water Content in Pre- and Post-Harvest Areas of Two Coniferous Tree Species. Forests. 2020; 11 (11):1227.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMoein Farahnak; Keiji Mitsuyasu; Takuo Hishi; Ayumi Katayama; Masaaki Chiwa; Seonghun Jeong; Kyoichi Otsuki; Seyed Mohammad Moein Sadeghi; Atsushi Kume. 2020. "Relationship between Very Fine Root Distribution and Soil Water Content in Pre- and Post-Harvest Areas of Two Coniferous Tree Species." Forests 11, no. 11: 1227.
Reference evapotranspiration (ET0) plays a key role in irrigation system design as well as water management of agricultural ecosystems under irrigated and rainfed conditions. While many methods for estimating the ET0 have been developed during the past several decades, method selection essentially depends on the availability of measured climatic variables. The FAO-56PM method recommended by experts from Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations is widely used in agricultural and environmental research to estimate the ET0. However, it requires several climatic parameters that are not always available in developing countries, especially in arid regions. Here, we compare and evaluate the performance of 13 widely- and commonly-used equations for estimating ET0 against that predicted using the FAO-56PM model using climatic data from nine meteorological stations located in arid regions across Iran. On average, the best three methods that could be used as an alternative to the FAO-56PM equation were the Irmak (Irmak et al., 2003), Hargreaves-Samani (Hargreaves and Samani, 1985), and Hargreaves (1975) equations.
M. Nazari; M. R. Chaichi; H. Kamel; M. Grismer; S. M. M. Sadeghi. Evaluation of Estimation Methods for Monthly Reference Evapotranspiration in Arid Climates. Arid Ecosystems 2020, 10, 329 -336.
AMA StyleM. Nazari, M. R. Chaichi, H. Kamel, M. Grismer, S. M. M. Sadeghi. Evaluation of Estimation Methods for Monthly Reference Evapotranspiration in Arid Climates. Arid Ecosystems. 2020; 10 (4):329-336.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM. Nazari; M. R. Chaichi; H. Kamel; M. Grismer; S. M. M. Sadeghi. 2020. "Evaluation of Estimation Methods for Monthly Reference Evapotranspiration in Arid Climates." Arid Ecosystems 10, no. 4: 329-336.
The role of crop canopies in the global water cycle is a topic of increasing international interest. How much rain and sprinkler-irrigation water are returned to the atmosphere or reach the soils beneath crop canopies, and the pathways of those water inputs at the soil, are linked to agricultural productivity and sustainability. This concise-format review synthesized and evaluated the available, limited, observational data (138 studies) on cropland throughfall, stemflow, and/or interception for >60 crop species covering all major climate types to obtain a global analysis of rainfall and sprinkler-irrigation partitioning by crop canopies. Partitions normalized per unit rain/sprinkler-irrigation (relative fractions, %) vary greatly across crop types with the interquartile range of throughfall, stemflow, and interception being 58–83%, 2–26%, and 11–32%, respectively. Stemflow data distribution across crop types is more often different than for throughfall and interception, contributing to overall variations in the partitioning of rain and irrigation observed to date. Partitions per storm also differ depending on the magnitude of rain or sprinkler-irrigation events and the stage of crop growth. Furthermore, throughfall and stemflow input patterns at the soil surface and subsurface may erode soils through different physical processes (i.e., throughfall droplet impact/splash versus scouring by stemflow); however, more research is needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and overall impacts. Finally, comparative analyses of partitions among croplands, shrublands, and forests indicate that crop canopies partition rain inputs differently and that there is a lack of studies in croplands. Hence, we suggest that future effort should be directed to the partitioning of rainfall and sprinkler-irrigation by canopies in agricultural settings.
Meimei Lin; Seyed Mohammad Moein Sadeghi; John T. Van Stan. Partitioning of Rainfall and Sprinkler-Irrigation by Crop Canopies: A Global Review and Evaluation of Available Research. Hydrology 2020, 7, 76 .
AMA StyleMeimei Lin, Seyed Mohammad Moein Sadeghi, John T. Van Stan. Partitioning of Rainfall and Sprinkler-Irrigation by Crop Canopies: A Global Review and Evaluation of Available Research. Hydrology. 2020; 7 (4):76.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMeimei Lin; Seyed Mohammad Moein Sadeghi; John T. Van Stan. 2020. "Partitioning of Rainfall and Sprinkler-Irrigation by Crop Canopies: A Global Review and Evaluation of Available Research." Hydrology 7, no. 4: 76.
In vegetated landscapes, rain must pass through plant canopies and litter to enter soils. As a result, some rainwater is returned to the atmosphere (i.e., interception, I) and the remainder is partitioned into a canopy (and gap) drip flux (i.e., throughfall) or drained down the stem (i.e., stemflow). Current theoretical and numerical modeling frameworks for this process are almost exclusively based on data from woody overstory plants. However, herbaceous plants often populate the understory and are the primary cover for important ecosystems (e.g., grasslands and croplands). This study investigates how overstory throughfall (PT,o) is partitioned into understory I, throughfall (PT) and stemflow (PS) by a dominant forb in disturbed urban forests (as well as grasslands and pasturelands), Eupatorium capillifolium (Lam., dogfennel). Dogfennel density at the site was 56 770 stems ha−1, enabling water storage capacities for leaves and stems of 0.90±0.04 and 0.43±0.02 mm, respectively. As direct measurement of PT,o (using methods such as tipping buckets or bottles) would remove PT,o or disturb the understory partitioning of PT,o, overstory throughfall was modeled (PT,o′) using on-site observations of PT,o from a previous field campaign. Relying on modeled PT,o′, rather than on observations of PT,o directly above individual plants means that significant uncertainty remains with respect to (i) small-scale relative values of PT and PS and (ii) factors driving PS variability among individual dogfennel plants. Indeed, PS data from individual plants were highly skewed, where the mean PS:PT,o′ per plant was 36.8 %, but the median was 7.6 % (2.8 %–27.2 % interquartile range) and the total over the study period was 7.9 %. PS variability (n=30 plants) was high (CV > 200 %) and may hypothetically be explained by fine-scale spatiotemporal patterns in actual overstory throughfall (as no plant structural factors explained the variability). The total PT:PT,o′ was 71 % (median PT:PT,o′ per gauge was 72 %, with a 59 %–91 % interquartile range). Occult precipitation (mixed dew and light rain events) occurred during the study period, revealing that dogfennel can capture and drain dew to their stem base as PS. Dew-induced PS may help explain dogfennel's improved invasion efficacy during droughts (as it tends to be one of the most problematic weeds in the improved grazing systems in the southeastern US). Overall, dogfennel's precipitation partitioning differed markedly from the site's overstory trees (Pinus palustris), and a discussion of the limited literature suggests that these differences may exist across vegetated ecosystems. Thus, more research on herbaceous plant canopy interactions with precipitation is merited.
D. Alex R. Gordon; Miriam Coenders-Gerrits; Brent A. Sellers; S. M. Moein Sadeghi; John T. Van Stan Ii. Rainfall interception and redistribution by a common North American understory and pasture forb, Eupatorium capillifolium (Lam. dogfennel). Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 2020, 24, 4587 -4599.
AMA StyleD. Alex R. Gordon, Miriam Coenders-Gerrits, Brent A. Sellers, S. M. Moein Sadeghi, John T. Van Stan Ii. Rainfall interception and redistribution by a common North American understory and pasture forb, Eupatorium capillifolium (Lam. dogfennel). Hydrology and Earth System Sciences. 2020; 24 (9):4587-4599.
Chicago/Turabian StyleD. Alex R. Gordon; Miriam Coenders-Gerrits; Brent A. Sellers; S. M. Moein Sadeghi; John T. Van Stan Ii. 2020. "Rainfall interception and redistribution by a common North American understory and pasture forb, Eupatorium capillifolium (Lam. dogfennel)." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 24, no. 9: 4587-4599.
Throughfall (TF) makes up the majority of understory rainfall and thereby plays an important role in controlling the amount of water reaching the forest floor. TF under a single Quercus castaneifolia (C.A.Mey, chestnut-leaved oak) tree in Northern Iran was measured during the leafed and leafless periods. TF quantity under the Q. castaneifolia canopy made up 69.3% and 88.0% of gross rainfall during leafed and leafless periods, respectively. Phenoseason influenced TF distribution patterns as TF temporal patterns during the leafed period were slightly more stable than during the leafless periods. The minimum number of TF collectors needed to yield a representative mean TF with accepted errors of 10% at 95% confidence level was twenty-six and twelve TF collectors for leafed and leafless periods, respectively. We conclude that phenoseasonality significantly affects TF spatiotemporal variability and presented the required number of collectors necessary for sampling TF under an individual Q. castaneifolia tree.
Omid Fathizadeh; Seyed Mohammad Moein Sadeghi; Curtis D. Holder; Lei Su. Leaf Phenology Drives Spatio-Temporal Patterns of Throughfall under a Single Quercus castaneifolia C.A.Mey. Forests 2020, 11, 688 .
AMA StyleOmid Fathizadeh, Seyed Mohammad Moein Sadeghi, Curtis D. Holder, Lei Su. Leaf Phenology Drives Spatio-Temporal Patterns of Throughfall under a Single Quercus castaneifolia C.A.Mey. Forests. 2020; 11 (6):688.
Chicago/Turabian StyleOmid Fathizadeh; Seyed Mohammad Moein Sadeghi; Curtis D. Holder; Lei Su. 2020. "Leaf Phenology Drives Spatio-Temporal Patterns of Throughfall under a Single Quercus castaneifolia C.A.Mey." Forests 11, no. 6: 688.
The amount and patterning of precipitation beneath vegetation is determined by throughfall and stemflow. Throughfall is the portion of precipitation that falls through, or drips from, the canopy; whereas, stemflow is the portion that drains down the stem. This chapter briefly synthesises throughfall and stemflow methods, data and major drivers of variability from all studies returned from Web of Science that reported relative annual or seasonal throughfall and stemflow (% of precipitation across the canopy) to date: 644 observations spanning broad climate (boreal, temperate, Mediterranean, subtropical and tropical) and plant types (forests, shrublands, croplands and grasslands) around the globe. Relative throughfall was greatest for forests followed by shrubs > crops > grasses; whereas, relative stemflow was greatest for grasses followed by crops > shrubs > forests. This synthesis identified challenges to integrating net precipitation into large-scale (regional-to-global) hydrologic and climate processes and estimates, including: (1) under-sampling at sites; (2) lacking data for solid and mixed precipitation events’ throughfall and stemflow; (3) very few throughfall and stemflow observations for herbaceous vegetation (compared to woody plants) despite croplands and grasslands representing 11% and 27% of the land surface, respectively, as well as understory herbaceous vegetation being present in nearly all forests; and (4) the current focus on fine-scale drivers of highly localized patterns.
Seyed Mohammad Moein Sadeghi; D. Alex Gordon; John T. Van Stan Ii. A Global Synthesis of Throughfall and Stemflow Hydrometeorology. Precipitation Partitioning by Vegetation 2020, 49 -70.
AMA StyleSeyed Mohammad Moein Sadeghi, D. Alex Gordon, John T. Van Stan Ii. A Global Synthesis of Throughfall and Stemflow Hydrometeorology. Precipitation Partitioning by Vegetation. 2020; ():49-70.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSeyed Mohammad Moein Sadeghi; D. Alex Gordon; John T. Van Stan Ii. 2020. "A Global Synthesis of Throughfall and Stemflow Hydrometeorology." Precipitation Partitioning by Vegetation , no. : 49-70.
In vegetated landscapes, rain must pass through plant canopies and litter to enter soils. As a result, some rainwater is returned to the atmosphere (i.e., interception, I) and the remainder is partitioned into a canopy (and gap) drip flux (i.e., throughfall) or drained down the stem (i.e., stemflow). Current theoretical and numerical modelling frameworks for this process are near-exclusively based on data from woody overstory plants. However, herbaceous plants often populate the understory and are the primary cover for important ecosystems (e.g., grasslands and croplands). This study investigates how overstory throughfall (PT,o) is partitioned into understory I, throughfall (PT) and stemflow (PS) by a dominant forb in disturbed urban forests (as well as grass- and pasturelands), Eupatorium capillifolium (Lam., dogfennel). Dogfennel density at the site was 56,770 stems ha−1, enabling water storage capacities for leaves and stems of 0.90 ± 0.04 mm and 0.43 ± 0.02 mm, respectively. Median PT:PT,o was 72 % (59–91 % interquartile range). PS data were highly skewed, where mean PS:PT,o was 36.8 %, but the median was 7.6 % (2.8 %–27.2 % interquartile range). PS variability (n = 30 plants) was high (CV > 200 %) and may be explained by spatiotemporal patterns in PT,o (since no plant structural factors explained the variability). Mixed dew/light rain events occurred during the study period, revealing that dogfennel can capture and drain dew to their stem base as PS. Dew-induced PS may help explain dogfennel's improved invasion efficacy during droughts (as it tends to be one of the most problematic weeds in the southeastern US's improved grazing systems). Overall, dogfennel's rainfall partitioning differed markedly from the site's overstory trees (Pinus palustris), and a synthesis of current literature suggests that these differences may exist across vegetated ecosystems. Thus, more research on herbaceous plant canopy interactions with precipitation is merited.
D. Alex R. Gordon; Miriam Coenders-Gerrits; Brent A. Sellers; S. M. Moein Sadeghi; John T. Van Stan Ii. Rainfall interception and redistribution by a common North American understory and pasture forb, Eupatorium capillifolium (Lam. dogfennel). 2019, 2019, 1 -22.
AMA StyleD. Alex R. Gordon, Miriam Coenders-Gerrits, Brent A. Sellers, S. M. Moein Sadeghi, John T. Van Stan Ii. Rainfall interception and redistribution by a common North American understory and pasture forb, Eupatorium capillifolium (Lam. dogfennel). . 2019; 2019 ():1-22.
Chicago/Turabian StyleD. Alex R. Gordon; Miriam Coenders-Gerrits; Brent A. Sellers; S. M. Moein Sadeghi; John T. Van Stan Ii. 2019. "Rainfall interception and redistribution by a common North American understory and pasture forb, Eupatorium capillifolium (Lam. dogfennel)." 2019, no. : 1-22.
D. Alex R. Gordon; Miriam Coenders-Gerrits; Brent A. Sellers; S. M. Moein Sadeghi; John T. Van Stan Ii. Supplementary material to "Rainfall interception and redistribution by a common North American understory and pasture forb, Eupatorium capillifolium (Lam. dogfennel)". 2019, 1 .
AMA StyleD. Alex R. Gordon, Miriam Coenders-Gerrits, Brent A. Sellers, S. M. Moein Sadeghi, John T. Van Stan Ii. Supplementary material to "Rainfall interception and redistribution by a common North American understory and pasture forb, Eupatorium capillifolium (Lam. dogfennel)". . 2019; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleD. Alex R. Gordon; Miriam Coenders-Gerrits; Brent A. Sellers; S. M. Moein Sadeghi; John T. Van Stan Ii. 2019. "Supplementary material to "Rainfall interception and redistribution by a common North American understory and pasture forb, Eupatorium capillifolium (Lam. dogfennel)"." , no. : 1.
Soil water repellency (SWR) is a cause of low water infiltration, overland flow and soil erosion in mountainous coniferous plantations in Japan. The factors determining SWR intensity were investigated in two coniferous plantations of Chamaecyparis obtusa (Siebold et Zucc.) Endl. and Cryptomeria japonica (L.f.) D. Don, using intact tree plots and cut tree plots on the same hillslope. The SWR of Ch. obtusa plots was stronger than that of Cr. japonica plots. SWR intensity decreased after tree cutting. There were no significant differences in SWR upslope and downslope of individual trees/stumps for both tree species, though areas downslope of individual Ch. obtusa trees had higher SWR intensity than those upslope. SWR intensity and soil aggregate stability were positively correlated in the Ch. obtusa intact tree plot (r = 0.88, p < 0.01), whereas in the cut tree plot, this correlation was weak with no significance (r = 0.29, p = 0.41). Soil aggregate size had a non-significant influence on SWR intensity. These findings suggest that SWR intensity was not related to the soil aggregate size, but SWR intensity seemed have a role in soil aggregation in the Ch. obtusa intact tree plot. Destruction of soil aggregates could occur after tree cutting because of physical disturbances or increased input of different types of organic matter from other vegetation into soil. The presence of Ch. obtusa introduces a source of SWR, although uncertainty remains about how water repellency is distributed around soil aggregates. The distribution pattern of soil water content and soil hydraulic conductivity around Cr. japonica was related to other factors such as the litter layer and non-water-repellant soil.
Moein Farahnak; Keiji Mitsuyasu; Kyoichi Otsuki; Kuniyoshi Shimizu; Atsushi Kume. Factors Determining Soil Water Repellency in Two Coniferous Plantations on a Hillslope. Forests 2019, 10, 730 .
AMA StyleMoein Farahnak, Keiji Mitsuyasu, Kyoichi Otsuki, Kuniyoshi Shimizu, Atsushi Kume. Factors Determining Soil Water Repellency in Two Coniferous Plantations on a Hillslope. Forests. 2019; 10 (9):730.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMoein Farahnak; Keiji Mitsuyasu; Kyoichi Otsuki; Kuniyoshi Shimizu; Atsushi Kume. 2019. "Factors Determining Soil Water Repellency in Two Coniferous Plantations on a Hillslope." Forests 10, no. 9: 730.
Standing trees influence the redistribution of soil water around the trunk and alter water movement under the canopy on hillslopes. We investigated soil properties around trees to clarify the effect of trees on soil hydraulic properties of soil surface layers on a slope. The intact tree and cut tree plots of two coniferous tree species, Cryptomeria japonica and Chamaecyparis obtusa, were considered in the northern part of Kyushu, Japan. The soil properties on the upslope and downslope of individual trees or stumps were compared. The soil near-saturated hydraulic conductivity (kns) on the upslope of individual trees and stumps was higher than that on the downslope for both species. Although the distribution patterns of kns were similar in all plots, the determinant factors of kns seemed to be different. In the Cr. japonica intact tree plot, more litter tended to accumulate on the upslope of individual trees, and it seemed to indirectly enhance kns. However, the results of the cut tree plot suggested that kns was affected by factors other than the litter layer biomass. In the Ch. obtusa intact plot, high water repellency of soil on the downslope of individual trees reduced kns. Organic matter tended to accumulate on the upslope of Ch. obtusa individual stumps and in combination with water repellency appeared to affect kns. Our findings showed that soil hydraulic conductivity was affected by the distance and direction from a tree on a slope and that the effect was maintained for a few years after cutting.
Moein Farahnak; Keiji Mitsuyasu; Seonghun Jeong; Kyoichi Otsuki; Masaaki Chiwa; Seyed Mohammad Moein Sadeghi; Atsushi Kume. Soil hydraulic conductivity differences between upslope and downslope of two coniferous trees on a hillslope. Journal of Forest Research 2019, 24, 143 -152.
AMA StyleMoein Farahnak, Keiji Mitsuyasu, Seonghun Jeong, Kyoichi Otsuki, Masaaki Chiwa, Seyed Mohammad Moein Sadeghi, Atsushi Kume. Soil hydraulic conductivity differences between upslope and downslope of two coniferous trees on a hillslope. Journal of Forest Research. 2019; 24 (3):143-152.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMoein Farahnak; Keiji Mitsuyasu; Seonghun Jeong; Kyoichi Otsuki; Masaaki Chiwa; Seyed Mohammad Moein Sadeghi; Atsushi Kume. 2019. "Soil hydraulic conductivity differences between upslope and downslope of two coniferous trees on a hillslope." Journal of Forest Research 24, no. 3: 143-152.
The research on the relationship between stand structures and rainfall partitioning (RP) of gross rainfall (GR) into throughfall (TF), stemflow (SF), and interception loss (IL) was conducted in the two dense unmanaged Japanese cypress plots at an age of 33 years with stand density of 2500 stems ha-1, and the results were compared with the previous studies. The results showed that (1) TF/GR significantly decreased, but SF/GR and IL/GR significantly increased with increasing stand density, which confirms that stand density is an informative stand structure factor for all the RP components in coniferous plantations. In addition to stand density, canopy cover ratio and storage capacity could also be influential stand structure factors for RP. (2) Having the highest stand density, TF/GR were the lowest class and SF/GR and IL/GR were the highest class in the two study plots. In detail, however, the plot with smaller stand with denser and thicker dead branch layers had the exceptionally low TF/GR compared with the other plot, but SF/GR in both plots were almost identical. (3) TF/GR decreased with increasing number of dead branches possibly because of increasing rainwater interception by dead branches, while it increased with increasing vertical dead branch space possibly because of increasing rainwater splash by dead branches. SF/GR could increase by dead branches possibly because of the additional gain of rainwater by the dead branches. However, the number of dead branches did not affect SF/GR possibly because the dead branches generating SF could be limited to the upper dead branches. These findings will contribute new information to the studies on RP in coniferous plantations and guide better silvicultural practices for effective forest ecological services.
Seonghun Jeong; Kyoichi Otsuki; Moein Farahnak. Relationship between stand structures and rainfall partitioning in dense unmanaged Japanese cypress plantations. Journal of Agricultural Meteorology 2019, 75, 92 -102.
AMA StyleSeonghun Jeong, Kyoichi Otsuki, Moein Farahnak. Relationship between stand structures and rainfall partitioning in dense unmanaged Japanese cypress plantations. Journal of Agricultural Meteorology. 2019; 75 (2):92-102.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSeonghun Jeong; Kyoichi Otsuki; Moein Farahnak. 2019. "Relationship between stand structures and rainfall partitioning in dense unmanaged Japanese cypress plantations." Journal of Agricultural Meteorology 75, no. 2: 92-102.
The ‘road-effect zone’ is a concept developed to describe the impact of road construction on the surrounding area. Although many aspects of the road-effect zone have been investigated, the road-effect zone on soil properties (pH, bulk density, soil moisture, electrical conductivity, organic matter (%), C (%), total N (%), available Na, Ca, Mg, P, and K), light regimes (leaf area index and canopy cover), and a Raunkiaer’s life-form classification of plants remains poorly understood, especially in oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) forests. Hence, the main aims of this research were to estimate the extent of the road-effect zone and to identify the main environmental changes due to forest roads. Specifically, we aimed to evaluate road-effects on: (1) the composition of herbaceous species and tree regeneration (up to 100 m distance from the forest road); (2) the light regime; and (3) soil properties, potentially related to changes in ecosystem functions and composition. We observed that forest roads can have significant impacts on soil, stand characteristics, and vegetation composition. The estimated road-effect zone extended up to 30 m from the road edge. Landscape planners should be aware that road-effect zones can potentially influence the ecology and environmental conditions of an area up to 30 m from the road edge.
Azade Deljouei; Seyed Mohammad Moein Sadeghi; Ehsan Abdi; Markus Bernhardt-Römermann; Emily Louise Pascoe; Matteo Marcantonio. The impact of road disturbance on vegetation and soil properties in a beech stand, Hyrcanian forest. European Journal of Forest Research 2018, 137, 759 -770.
AMA StyleAzade Deljouei, Seyed Mohammad Moein Sadeghi, Ehsan Abdi, Markus Bernhardt-Römermann, Emily Louise Pascoe, Matteo Marcantonio. The impact of road disturbance on vegetation and soil properties in a beech stand, Hyrcanian forest. European Journal of Forest Research. 2018; 137 (6):759-770.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAzade Deljouei; Seyed Mohammad Moein Sadeghi; Ehsan Abdi; Markus Bernhardt-Römermann; Emily Louise Pascoe; Matteo Marcantonio. 2018. "The impact of road disturbance on vegetation and soil properties in a beech stand, Hyrcanian forest." European Journal of Forest Research 137, no. 6: 759-770.
Arid pomegranate (Punica granatum) orchards are frequently rainfed. In these systems, orchard managers might be able to manipulate a stand’s canopy structure (e.g., thinning, pruning) to improve rainfall water input to the soil. The aim of this research was to determine how changes in management activities in rainfed pomegranate orchards in arid regions of Central Iran affects rainfall partitioning into throughfall, stemflow, and rainfall interception loss. We monitored gross rainfall, throughfall, stemflow and rainfall interception loss in three stands with varying levels of thinning and pruning. Management practices sufficiently altered the stand and canopy structure of pomegranate orchards to impact the quantity and pathway (throughfall v. stemflow) of rainfall reaching the ground. Decreases in tree height, canopy cover, crown length and LAI were correlated to a significant increase in rainfall reaching the forest floor. Results indicate that orchard managers may be able to prune 40% of the live crown and thin 70% of the stand if the objective it to significantly increase water inputs into the soil. Future research should focus on the impact of canopy management on soil moisture content and soil evaporation and transpiration.
Leila Hakimi; Seyed Mohammad Moein Sadeghi; John Toland Van Stan; Thomas Grant Pypker; Esmaeil Khosropour. Management of pomegranate ( Punica granatum ) orchards alters the supply and pathway of rain water reaching soils in an arid agricultural landscape. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 2018, 259, 77 -85.
AMA StyleLeila Hakimi, Seyed Mohammad Moein Sadeghi, John Toland Van Stan, Thomas Grant Pypker, Esmaeil Khosropour. Management of pomegranate ( Punica granatum ) orchards alters the supply and pathway of rain water reaching soils in an arid agricultural landscape. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment. 2018; 259 ():77-85.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLeila Hakimi; Seyed Mohammad Moein Sadeghi; John Toland Van Stan; Thomas Grant Pypker; Esmaeil Khosropour. 2018. "Management of pomegranate ( Punica granatum ) orchards alters the supply and pathway of rain water reaching soils in an arid agricultural landscape." Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 259, no. : 77-85.
The temporal dynamics of forest canopy rainfall partitioning are important to forest ecology and management as it influences all subsequent hydrological processes along the rainfall-to-discharge flow path. Despite a growing body of literature on the importance of coupled hydrological–ecological interactions during periodic forest life cycle events, little work has examined how canopy rainfall partitioning varies across transitional leaf states (between the leafed vs. leafless states). This study analyzed a 3 year field monitoring campaign for two tree species in semiarid Iran (Robinia pseudoacacia and Platanus orientalis) to describe rainfall partitioning dynamics across the full-leaf, senescence, leafless, and leafing states. Crown saturation point, canopy storage capacity, free throughfall coefficient and the ratio of wet canopy evaporation rate to mean rainfall intensity were related to decreases/increases in plant area index and canopy closure. The high variability of rainfall partitioning observed in this study highlights the importance of transitional leaf states in the temporal characterization of water inputs to forest surfaces and boundary layer.
Seyed Mohammad Moein Sadeghi; John Toland Van Stan; Thomas Grant Pypker; Jelveh Tamjidi; Jan Friesen; Moein Farahnaklangroudi. Importance of transitional leaf states in canopy rainfall partitioning dynamics. European Journal of Forest Research 2018, 137, 121 -130.
AMA StyleSeyed Mohammad Moein Sadeghi, John Toland Van Stan, Thomas Grant Pypker, Jelveh Tamjidi, Jan Friesen, Moein Farahnaklangroudi. Importance of transitional leaf states in canopy rainfall partitioning dynamics. European Journal of Forest Research. 2018; 137 (1):121-130.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSeyed Mohammad Moein Sadeghi; John Toland Van Stan; Thomas Grant Pypker; Jelveh Tamjidi; Jan Friesen; Moein Farahnaklangroudi. 2018. "Importance of transitional leaf states in canopy rainfall partitioning dynamics." European Journal of Forest Research 137, no. 1: 121-130.
Seyed Mohammad Moein Sadeghi; John Toland Van Stan; Thomas Grant Pypker; Jan Friesen. Canopy hydrometeorological dynamics across a chronosequence of a globally invasive species, Ailanthus altissima (Mill., tree of heaven). Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 2017, 240-241, 10 -17.
AMA StyleSeyed Mohammad Moein Sadeghi, John Toland Van Stan, Thomas Grant Pypker, Jan Friesen. Canopy hydrometeorological dynamics across a chronosequence of a globally invasive species, Ailanthus altissima (Mill., tree of heaven). Agricultural and Forest Meteorology. 2017; 240-241 ():10-17.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSeyed Mohammad Moein Sadeghi; John Toland Van Stan; Thomas Grant Pypker; Jan Friesen. 2017. "Canopy hydrometeorological dynamics across a chronosequence of a globally invasive species, Ailanthus altissima (Mill., tree of heaven)." Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 240-241, no. : 10-17.
As plantations become increasingly important sources of wood and fiber in arid/semiarid places, they have also become increasingly criticized for their hydrological impacts. An examination and comparison of gross rainfall (GR) partitioning across commonly-planted tree species (Pinus eldarica, Cupressus arizonica, Robinia pseudoacacia, and Fraxinus rotundifolia) in semiarid regions has great value for watershed and forest managers interested in managing canopy hydrological processes for societal benefit. Therefore, we performed a field study examining GR partitioning into throughfall (TF), stemflow (SF), and rainfall interception (I) for these species in the semiarid Chitgar Forest Park, Tehran, Iran. An advantage to our study is that we explore the effects of forest structural differences in plantation forests experiencing similar climatic factors and storm conditions. As such, variability in GR partitioning due to different meteorological conditions is minimized, allowing comparison of structural attributes across plantations. Our results show that commonly-selected afforestation species experiencing the same climate produced differing stand structures that differentially partition GR into TF, SF, and I. P. eldarica might be the best of the four species to plant if the primary goal of afforestation is to limit erosion and stormwater runoff as it intercepted more rainfall than other species. However, the high SF generation from F. rotundifolia, and low GR necessary to initiate SF, could maximize retention of water in the soils since SF has been shown to infiltrate along root pathways and access groundwater. A consideration of GR partitioning should be considered when selecting a species for afforestation/reforestation in water-limited ecosystems.
Seyed Mohammad Moein Sadeghi; Pedram Attarod; John Toland Van Stan; Thomas Grant Pypker. The importance of considering rainfall partitioning in afforestation initiatives in semiarid climates: A comparison of common planted tree species in Tehran, Iran. Science of The Total Environment 2016, 568, 845 -855.
AMA StyleSeyed Mohammad Moein Sadeghi, Pedram Attarod, John Toland Van Stan, Thomas Grant Pypker. The importance of considering rainfall partitioning in afforestation initiatives in semiarid climates: A comparison of common planted tree species in Tehran, Iran. Science of The Total Environment. 2016; 568 ():845-855.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSeyed Mohammad Moein Sadeghi; Pedram Attarod; John Toland Van Stan; Thomas Grant Pypker. 2016. "The importance of considering rainfall partitioning in afforestation initiatives in semiarid climates: A comparison of common planted tree species in Tehran, Iran." Science of The Total Environment 568, no. : 845-855.
This study aims at understanding the impacts of climate factors on the annual growth variations of oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) at the Kheyrud Forest Research Station located in the Caspian forests of northern Iran. To this end, 18 disc samples were randomly taken from altitudes of 1038 to 1152 m above sea level. Tree rings were measured using TSAP-win software and a LINTABII machine. Since false and missing rings are typical in beech trees, skeleton plots were created to enhance crossdating accuracy. Chronologies were observed for a total of 15 samples. Meteorological data for rainfall and air temperature were recorded at the Nowshahr Meteorological Station, located near the study sites. Results showed a significant correlation between mean annual air temperature and radial growth (R = 0.54). Within the growing season, August temperatures reveal a significant correlation with tree ring (R = 0.41) while the highest association was observed in the previous December (R = 0.44) and the least association was found in February (R = 0.31). Excluding March (R = 0.33), there appeared to be no significant correlation between precipitation accumulated during and prior to the growing season and tree ring. In addition to oriental beech, there are many other species important to this region that may be sensitive to increasing temperatures.
Malek Haghshenas; Mohammad Reza Marvi Mohadjer; Pedram Attarod; Kambiz Pourtahmasi; Jeff Feldhaus; Seyed Mohammad Moein Sadeghi. Climate effect on tree-ring widths ofFagus orientalisin the Caspian forests, northern Iran. Forest Science and Technology 2016, 12, 176 -182.
AMA StyleMalek Haghshenas, Mohammad Reza Marvi Mohadjer, Pedram Attarod, Kambiz Pourtahmasi, Jeff Feldhaus, Seyed Mohammad Moein Sadeghi. Climate effect on tree-ring widths ofFagus orientalisin the Caspian forests, northern Iran. Forest Science and Technology. 2016; 12 (4):176-182.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMalek Haghshenas; Mohammad Reza Marvi Mohadjer; Pedram Attarod; Kambiz Pourtahmasi; Jeff Feldhaus; Seyed Mohammad Moein Sadeghi. 2016. "Climate effect on tree-ring widths ofFagus orientalisin the Caspian forests, northern Iran." Forest Science and Technology 12, no. 4: 176-182.
Aim of study: The objective of this study was to compare the quantity and quality of TF (throughfall) in an indigenous, but degraded, stand of Fagus orientalis and Picea abies plantation.Area of study: Forests of Kelar-Dasht region located in Mazandaran province, northern Iran.Material and Methods: TF measured by twenty collectors that were distributed randomly underneath each stand. For 21 storms sampled in 2012 (August-December) and 2013 (April-June), we analyzed pH, EC, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, NO3-, and P of gross rainfall (GR) and TF.Main results: Cumulative interception (I) for F. orientalis and P. abies were 114.2 mm and 194.8 mm of the total GR, respectively. The amount of K+ (13.4 mg L-1) and Ca2+ (0.9 mg L-1) were higher (for both elements, p = 0.001) in the TF of P. abies compared to those of F. orientalis (6.8 and 0.5, mg L-1, respectively) and GR (3.2 and 0.37 mg L-1, respectively). Conversely, mean P concentration was doubled (p = 0.022) in the TF of F. orientalis (11.1 mg L-1) compared to GR (5.8 mg L-1).Research highlights: P. abies plantations may provide a solution for reforestation of degraded F. orientalis forests of northern Iran, yet how P. abies plantations differentially affect the quality and quantity of rainfall reaching subcanopy soils (TF) compared to F. orientalis is unknown. Understanding the connection between hydrological processes and nutrient cycling in forest ecosystems is crucial for choosing the appropriate species to rehabilitate the degraded indigenous forests with nonindigenous species. Keywords: concentration; hydrological process; interception; reforestation.
Parisa Abbasian; Pedram Attarod; Seyed Mohammad Moein Sadeghi; John T. Van Stan Ii; Seyed M. Hojjati. Throughfall nutrients in a degraded indigenous Fagus orientalis forest and a Picea abies plantation in the of North of Iran. Forest Systems 2015, 24, 1 .
AMA StyleParisa Abbasian, Pedram Attarod, Seyed Mohammad Moein Sadeghi, John T. Van Stan Ii, Seyed M. Hojjati. Throughfall nutrients in a degraded indigenous Fagus orientalis forest and a Picea abies plantation in the of North of Iran. Forest Systems. 2015; 24 (3):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleParisa Abbasian; Pedram Attarod; Seyed Mohammad Moein Sadeghi; John T. Van Stan Ii; Seyed M. Hojjati. 2015. "Throughfall nutrients in a degraded indigenous Fagus orientalis forest and a Picea abies plantation in the of North of Iran." Forest Systems 24, no. 3: 1.
Seyed Mohammad Moein Sadeghi; Pedram Attarod; John Toland Van Stan; Thomas Grant Pypker; David Dunkerley. Efficiency of the reformulated Gash's interception model in semiarid afforestations. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 2015, 201, 76 -85.
AMA StyleSeyed Mohammad Moein Sadeghi, Pedram Attarod, John Toland Van Stan, Thomas Grant Pypker, David Dunkerley. Efficiency of the reformulated Gash's interception model in semiarid afforestations. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology. 2015; 201 ():76-85.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSeyed Mohammad Moein Sadeghi; Pedram Attarod; John Toland Van Stan; Thomas Grant Pypker; David Dunkerley. 2015. "Efficiency of the reformulated Gash's interception model in semiarid afforestations." Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 201, no. : 76-85.