Background and Objectives: Remimazolam is a recently introduced benzodiazepine that has been increasingly adopted as an alternative to propofol. Although several trials have compared remimazolam with propofol, these studies have primarily focused on induction-related hypotension in non-gynecologic settings. To the best of our knowledge, both intraoperative hypertension and hypotension have not been systematically evaluated throughout the full anesthetic course in the specific physiologic context of robot-assisted laparoscopic gynecologic surgery performed in the steep Trendelenburg position with pneumoperitoneum. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, propensity score matching was performed to minimize selection bias. The demographic data of 694 patients, along with the incidence of intraoperative hypertension and hypotension, were collected through a review of medical records. Results: A total of 694 patients met the selection criteria, all of whom underwent total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) using either remimazolam (n = 321) or propofol (n = 373). After propensity score matching, 317 pairs were analyzed. The incidence of intraoperative hypertension was higher in the remimazolam group (66.2% vs. 52.1%; p < 0.001), whereas hypotension was more frequent in the propofol group (12.0% vs. 5.4%; p = 0.003). Conclusions: TIVA with remimazolam was associated with a higher incidence of intraoperative hypertension compared to propofol, whereas propofol was more likely to cause hypotension in patients undergoing laparoscopic gynecologic surgery.

Background In Korea, anesthesiologists are expected to be mainstream pain medicine (PM) practitioners. However, anesthesiology and pain medicine (APM) residency programs mostly emphasize anesthesia learning, leading to insufficient PM learning. Therefore, this study evaluated the current status of PM training in APM residency programs in 10 Korean university hospitals. Methods Overall, 156 residents undergoing APM training participated anonymously in our survey, focusing on PM training. We assessed the aim, satisfaction status, duration, opinion on duration, desired duration, weaknesses of the training programs and plans of residents after graduating. We divided the residents into junior (first and second year) and senior (third and fourth year). Survey data were compared between groups. Results Senior showed significantly different level of satisfaction grade than did junior (p=0.026). Fifty-seven (81.4%) residents in junior and forty (46.5%) residents in senior underwent PM training for ≤2 months. Most (108; 69.2%) residents felt that the training period was too short for PM learning and 95 (60.9%) residents desired a training period of ≥6 months. The most commonly expressed weakness of the training was low interventional opportunity (29.7%), followed by short duration (26.6%). After residency, 80 (49.1%) residents planned to pursue a fellowship. Conclusions Dissatisfaction with PM training was probably due to a structural tendency of the current program towards anesthesia training and insufficient clinical experience, which needs to be rectified, with a change in PM curriculum.