Safety analysis of complex technical systems currently operating in the transport sector is an urgent challenge for the global maritime industry, which suffers from a lack of information about the levels of risk and the consequences of their incorrect assessment. Among the requirements for vessel management and operations the importance of having a highly professional crew and up-to-date navigational equipment. Navigational safety is one of the components of the integral concept of “safety” for a seagoing ship. Assessment of integral safety is based on assessments of the individual safety components. In this study, the focus is on “navigational safety”, which is primarily understood as ensuring safe operation of a vessel in specific navigation conditions, ensuring safe control and maneuvering of the vessel, ship position monitoring, heading control, sufficient depth margin under the keel along the route, taking into account its actual draft and subsidence in shallow water, and sea disturbance. In the offered research on the basis of the identified states of navigational safety, the graphic model of process and matrix of transition probabilities in the general form with use of homogeneous Markov model of change of navigational safety of a vessel, with discrete time and presence of absorbing state is formed. The proposed Markov process model can be used to assess vessel navigational safety when establishing possible states of navigational safety with significant probability to assess ship safety and make decisions to ensure safe vessel operation.

Prior to commencing the voyage planning procedure, the entire navigation area on the forthcoming passage should be divided into several sections, depending on various factors, such as traffic density, restricted depths, availability of ship reporting systems, hydrometeorological conditions, high risk navigation areas in order to outline measures to ensure the safety of ship's navigation. In addition, these factors have direct impact on the ship's speed during the voyage. On the other hand, slow steaming can reduce fuel consumption on the same section of the route by 10-15%. Reducing the ship's speed can significantly minimize its operating costs. However, when choosing economically feasible ship's speed it should be kept in mind that reducing the speed can lead to a significant decrease in the number of voyages per year and, consequently, to the reduction of annual freight income. Therefore, a practically important and relevant problem is the necessity to find the speed of ship operation, which will provide a balance between economical fuel consumption and profits from ship operation. The classic approach to optimizing the speed mode of ships is based on the cubic dependence of fuel consumption on speed. Therefore, depending on the distance between ports, the duration of the voyage and the conditions for the time of arrival of the ship to the port, in the modern publications were proposed approaches to the optimization of the speed mode, based on the additional income or time-charter equivalent.

Constructing and exploring the model to form the road map of enterprise development

This paper reports a study aimed at determining the features of using information protection systems at financial institutions in order to improve the level of financial security. It has been proven that under the conditions of digitization of the business environment, information provision is the basis of financial security at both the macro and micro levels. Information has become a strategic resource that needs protection due to the spread of cybercrime. The level of efficiency of information provision and the level of financial security of Ukraine was determined, and the relationship between them was confirmed. Attention is focused on the need to improve these indicators. It has been proven that an effective information protection system enables economic entities to resist dangers and threats. It was substantiated that the intensification of the processes of digitalization of economic activity had created prerequisites for the growth of risks and threats to the integral, uninterrupted, protected circulation of information resources of financial institutions, which leads to huge financial losses. This requires improvement of existing information protection systems. A topology of information protection systems has been presented. An algorithm for building effective information protection systems of financial institutions was proposed, which includes system vulnerability assessment, system assessment for compliance with security standards, penetration testing, and application assessment. Its application would allow financial market entities to promptly respond to real and potential threats, increase the level of information security, and ensure financial stability. The results of the study could also be used by state and local authorities to devise the principles of financial security management at the macro level under the conditions of the digital economy