Objectives: To evaluate the feasibility of incorporating two‐dimensional ultrasound measurements of nasal bone length (NBL) and prenasal thickness (PT) into the second‐trimester anomaly scan and to determine whether the NBL : PT ratio could help in differentiating euploid and Down syndrome fetuses.Method: Two‐dimensional measurements of NBL and PT were obtained from the midsagittal plane of the fetal head at 14–28 weeks of gestation in a Caucasian population at risk for aneuploidy. The screening performances of NBL, PT, and the ratios NBL : PT and PT : NBL were analyzed in euploid (n = 1330) and Down syndrome (n = 33) fetuses.Results: Nasal bone length and PT alone showed strong correlations with Down syndrome (sensitivity: 76% at 1.88% and 2.35% false positive rate, respectively). However, the NBL : PT ratio showed an even stronger correlation with Down syndrome (false positive rate: 0.9%, sensitivity: 97%). The mean NBL : PT ratio showed a gradual increase from 1.48 to 1.79 (a 21.2% increase) between 14 and 28 weeks of gestation.Conclusion: Two‐dimensional ultrasound measurements of NBL and PT, particularly the NBL : PT ratio, are highly sensitive markers for Down syndrome fetuses. © 2014 The Authors. Prenatal Diagnosis published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of the skin diseases, dermatological conditions, and sexually transmitted infections among male prisoners. The medical data of 1800 inmates were analysed and a local sero-biological survey was performed in 2014. Moreover, after informed consent, dried blood spots were collected to identify recent hepatitis C virus (HCV) and HIV infections in case of homosexuality and intravenous drug use. Prisoners (n = 1800) were included in this study and 200 inmates with high risk of sexually transmitted disorder (STD) participated in serological tests. The most common dermatological diseases and STDs were atopic dermatitis (n = 70), scabies (n = 42), allergic reactions after insect bites (bedbug, mosquito, fly, and wasp) (n = 39), fungal infections (n = 1), psoriasis vulgaris (n = 10), eczema herpeticum (n = 1), erysipelas (n = 2), vasculitis (n = 1), and HCV (n = 2), whereas there were not found any HIV or gonococcal infections. Six HCV infections and zero HIV infections were determined in the study period. The present study shows a relatively high prevalence of infectious or atopic dermatitis among these populations.

Introduction: Previous studies have identified Campylobacter jejuni, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella Typhimurium as the main causative agents of foodborne diseases in Europe. Objective: Our aim was to demonstrate two separate cases of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Give infection in male prisoners presenting with symptoms of gastroenteritis. Case: We report the cases of two male prisoners, aged 47 and 32 years, who developed gastroenteritis, displaying vomitus and progressive diarrhoea with 2-day duration. The examination of the stool culture was positive for Salmonella Give. Following intravenous sodium chloride infusion, vitamin B6 and metoclopramide treatment, and a 7-day course of ciprofloxacin treatment, the patients displayed a significant clinical improvement. Conclusion: According to our knowledge, this is the first study to report the case of Salmonella Give-associated gastroenteritis in Central Europe.

The development of polycystic ovary syndrome and its exact pathophysiological mechanism is still unclear, but environmental and genetic factors likely play a role. Exposition to teratogenic effects during the prenatal development can lead to chronic diseases in the postnatal period. This finding confirms the common familial aggregation as well. A literature search was conducted up to January 1, 2016 for articles dealing with the genetic or epigenetic factors of polycystic ovary syndrome. This review will discuss the current understanding of the genetic basis and clinical presentation of this disease. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(32), 1275–1281.

Absztrakt Az elmúlt néhány évtizedben a gyermeket vállaló nők életkora emelkedő trendet mutat. Számos tanulmány mutatott rá az anyai életkor emelkedésének és a terhesség kimenetelének összefüggésére a vetélés, a halvaszületés, a praeeclampsia, a terhességi hipertenzió, a gestatiós diabetes mellitus, a koraszülés, a kis vagy nagy gesztációs korú újszülött, valamint az elektív vagy sürgősségi császármetszés kapcsán. E vizsgálatok egymásnak ellentmondó megállapításokról számoltak be. A jelenlegi közlemény célja az, hogy összefoglalja az előrehaladott anyai életkor és a terhesség kimenetele közti, bizonyítékokon alapuló információkat. Orv. Hetil., 2015, 156(49), 1987–1990. Abstract A rising trend in advanced maternal age has been observed over the last few decades. Several studies have assessed the association between advanced maternal age and adverse pregnancy outcome, including miscarriage, stillbirth, pre-eclampsia, gestational hypertension, gestational diabetes mellitus, preterm birth, delivery of a small- or large-for-gestational-age neonates and elective or emergency Cesarean section. These studies reported contradictory findings. The aim of the present paper is to summarize the evidence-based information regarding advanced maternal age and pregnancy outcomes. Orv. Hetil., 2015, 156(49), 1987–1990.